सरोजनी नायडू

bharat kokila shrimati sarojani nayadoo

'shram karate haian ham
ki samudr ho tumhari jagriti ka kshan
ho chuka jagaran
ab dekho, nikala din kitana ujjaval.'

ye panktiyaan sarojini nayadoo ki ek kavita se haian, jo unhoanne apani matribhoomi ko sambodhit karate hue likhi thi. sarojini nayadoo bharat desh ke sarvottam rashtriy netaoan mean se ek thian. vah bharat ke svadhinata sangram mean sadaiv age rahian. unake sangi sathi unase shakti, sahas aur oorja pate the. yuva shakti ko unase age badhane ki prerana milati thi.

parichay

sarojini nayadoo ka janm 13 pharavari san 1879 ko haidarabad mean hua tha. shri aghoranath chattopadhyay aur varadasundari ki ath santanoan mean vah sabase b di thian. aghoranath ek vaijnanik aur shikshashastri the. vah kavita bhi likhate the. varadasundari bhi kavita likhati thian. apane kavi bhaee harindranath chattopadhyay ki tarah sarojini ko bhi apane mata-pita se kavita–srijan ki pratibha prapt huee thi. aghoranath chattopadhyay 'nizam k aaulej' ke sansthapak rasayan vaijnanik the. ve chahate the ki unaki putri sarojani aangrezi aur ganit mean nipun hoan. vah chahate the ki sarojani ji bahut b di vaijnanik banean. yah bat manavane ke lie unake pita ne sarojani ko ek kamare mean band kar diya. vah roti rahian. sarojini ke lie ganit ke savaloan mean man lagane ke bajay ek kavita lekh likhana jyada asan tha. sarojani ne mahasoos kiya ki vah aangrezi bhasha mean bhi age badh sakati haian aur parangat ho sakati haian. unhoanne apane pitaji se kaha ki vah aangrezi mean age badh kar dikhaegian. tho de hi parishram ke phalasvaroop vah dharapravah aangrezi bhasha bolane aur likhane lagian. is samay lagabhag 13 varsh ki ayu mean sarojani ne 1300 padoan ki 'jhil ki rani' namak lanbi kavita aur lagabhag 2000 panktiyoan ka ek vistrit natak likhakar aangrezi bhasha par apana adhikar siddh kar diya. aghoranath sarojini ki aangreji kavitaoan se itane prabhavit hue ki unhoanne es. chattopadhyay krit 'poyams' ke nam se san 1903 mean ek chhota-sa kavita sangrah prakashit kiya. da. em goviand rajalu nayadoo se unaka vivah hua. sarojani nayadoo ne rajaniti aur grih prabandhan mean santulan rakha.

bharat kokila

madras vishvavidyalay ki pravesh pariksha mean unhean itane adhik aank prapt hue jitane isase pahale kisi ko bhi prapt nahian hue the. unake pita garv se kahate the ki vah vaijnanik n ban sakian, kiantu unhoanne maan se prerana lekar kavitaean likhian, bangala bhasha mean nahian apitu aangrezi mean. svadesh mean unhean 'gane vali chi diya' ka nam mila aur videsh, ianglaiand mean unhean 'bharat kokila' kahakar sammanit kiya gaya. dayari lekhan, natak, upanyas adi sabhi vidhaoan mean unhoanne rachanayean ki.

bhasha

sarojani chattopadhyay ne apani mata varada suandari se bangala sikhi aur haidarabad ke parivesh se telugu mean pravinata prapt ki. ve shabdoan ki jadoogarani thian. shabdoan ka rachana sansar unhean akarshit karata tha aur unaka man shabd jagat mean hi ramata tha. ve bahubhashavid thian. vah kshetranusar apana bhashan aangrezi, hindi, bangala ya gujarati bhasha mean deti thian. landan ki sabha mean aangrezi mean bolakar unhoanne vahaan upasthit sabhi shrotaoan ko mantramugdh kar diya tha.

shiksha

barah sal ki chhoti si umr mean hi sarojini ne maitrik ki pariksha pas kar li thi aur madras presideansi mean pratham sthan prapt kiya tha. isake bad uchchatar shiksha ke lie unhean ianglaid bheja diya gaya jahaan unhoanne kramash: landan ke 'kiangz k aaulej' mean aur usake bad 'kaimbrij ke gartan k aaulej' mean shiksha grahan ki. k aaulej ki shiksha mean sarojini ki vishesh ruchi nahian thi aur ianglaiand ka thanda tapaman bhi unake svasthy ke anukool nahian tha. vah svadesh laut ayi.

kavita mean u dan

yadyapi sarojini ianglaiand mean do sal tak hi rahian kiantu vahaan ke pratishthit sahityakaroan aur mitroan ne unaki bahut prashansa ki. unake mitr aur prashansakoan mean 'edamand g aaus' aur 'arthar simans' bhi the. unhoanne kishor sarojini ko apani kavitaoan mean gambhirata lane ki ray di. vah lagabhag bis varsh tak kavitaean aur lekhan kary karati rahian aur is samay mean, unake tin kavita-sangrah prakashit hue. unake kavita sangrah 'bard aauph taim' aur 'brokan viang' ne unhean ek prasiddh kavayitri banava diya. sarojini nayadoo ko bharatiy aur aangrezi sahity jagat ki sthapit kavayitri mana jane laga tha kiantu vah svayan ko kavi nahian manati thian.
pratham kavita-sangrah
sarojini ke pratham kavita-sangrah 'd goldan threshahold' (1905) mean bahut hi utsah ke sath padha gaya. unhean, sarojini ko ek saksham, honahar aur navodit kavayitri ke roop mean sammanit kiya gaya. ianglaiand ke b de-b de akhabaroan 'landan-taims' aur 'd menchaistar gardyan' mean is kavita-sangrah ki prashansa yukt samikshaean likhi geean. bharat mean unhean ek naya udiyaman tejasvi tara mana gaya.

• 'd goldan threshahold' ke bad 'bard aauph taim' namak sangrah san 1912 mean prakashit hua.

samay ke panchhi ka u dane ko simit vistar
par lo—panchhi to yah u d chala..

• isake bad san 1917 mean unaka tisara kavita-sangrah 'd brokan viang' nikala. usamean unhoanne gaya—

ooanchi uthati hooan maian, ki pahuanchoo niyat jharane tak
toote ye pankh lie, maian chadhati hooan oopar taroan tak.

taroan tak pahuanchane ke lie oopar uthane ki yah bhavana sarojini nayadoo ke sath sadaiv rahi. san 1946 mean dilli mean 'eshiyan rileshans k aaunphreans' ko sambodhit karate hue unhoanne isi bhav ko vyakt kiya. unhoanne kaha—'ham age, aur bhi age, ooanche, aur ooanche jayeange, jab tak ham taroan tak n pahuanch jaean. aie, taroan tak pahuanchane ke lie ham log badhean.' unhoanne kaha-- 'ham chaand ke lie chillate nahian haian. ham to use akash mean se to dakar le aeange aur eshiya ki mukti ke taj mean use laga kar pahan leange.' har kar hatash ho baithane ka unaka svabhav nahian tha. apane nishchit uddeshy tak pahuanchane ke lie vah keval age badhana aur age badhana chahati thian. kavitaoan aur jivan, donoan mean hi sarojini nayadoo yahi karati thian.
'lamba aantaral
varshoan bad san 1937 mean sarojini nayadoo ka akhiri kavita-sangrah 'd septard phloot' ek ashcharyajanak aur gambhir roop mean samane aya. is samay vah desh ki rajaniti mean rachi basi thian aur bahut lambe samay se unhoanne kavita likhana lagabhag chho d hi diya tha. rajanaitik tanavoan mean yah kavita-sangrah hava ke taze jhoanke ki ek lahar banakar sabake samane aya. jivan ke prarambhik varshoan mean hi sarojini nayadoo ko ek honahar kavayitri ke roop mean prashansa aur prasiddhi mil chuki thi, kiantu vah svayan apani rachanaoan ko bahut hi sadharan manati thian. 'maian sachamuch koee kavi nahian hooan,' unhoanne kaha - 'mere samane ek darshan hai, magar mere pas avaz nahian hai.' unhoanne svayan ko keval 'gitoan ki gayika' bataya. kiantu unake git bahut madhur the jo komal bhavoan aur prem ki bhavana se otaprot the.

• 'd goldan threshahold' ki panktiyaan haian—

lie baansuri hathoan mean ham ghoomean gate-gate
manushy sab haian bandhu hamare, jag sara apana hai.

sarojini nayadoo ne khud ke lie kuchh bhi kaha ho, bharatiy sahity mean kavayitri ke roop mean unaka sthan bahut hi mahatvapoorn hai. unake shabdoan mean sangit hai. unaki kavitaean sundar pratikoan se bhari haian. sachche dil se vah bharat ke shramik varg ke lie chiantit raha karati thian. apani matribhoomi ko dasata se mukt karane ka svapn vah sadaiv dekhati rahian, unake man mean samast manav jati ke lie prem tha. unaki kavitaoan ne adhunik bharatiy sahity par apani vishisht chhap aankit ki hai.

rajaniti mean

sarojini nayadoo ki rajanaitik yatra lagabhag chaubis varsh ki ayu mean praranbh hoti hai. bharat ke svatantrata sangram se pahale hi 'mahila svashaktikaran andolan' shuroo ho gaya tha. is samay sarojani nayadoo hath mean svatantrata sangram ka jhan da uthakar desh ke lie mar mitane nikal p di thian aur doosari taraph kaangres parti ki pramukh ban mahila sashaktikaran ko bal diya.

1902 mean kolakata (kalakatta) mean unhoanne bahut hi ojasvi bhashan diya jisase gopalkrishna gokhale bahut prabhavit hue aur unhoanne sarojini ji ka rajaniti mean age badhane ke lie margadarshan kiya . is ghatana ke bad sarojini ji ko mahatma gaandhi ka sanidhy mila. gaandhi ji se unaki mulakat kee varshoan ke bad san 1914 mean landan mean huee. gaandhi ji ke sath rahakar sarojini ki rajanaitik sakriyata badhati gayi. vah gaandhi ji se bahut prabhavit thian. unaki sakriyata ke karan desh ki asankhy mahilaoan mean atmavishvas laut aya aur unhoanne bhi svadhinata aandolan ke sath sath samaj ke any kshetroan mean bhi sakriyata se bhag lena prarambh kar diya.

sarojani nayadoo ko jab 1925 mean 'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' ka adhyaksh banaya gaya to mahatma gaandhi ne kaha ki yah bharatiy mahila ka gaurav hai. sarojani nayadoo ne kaha tha ki 'vishisht sevakoan mean mujhe mukhy sthan ke liye chunakar ap logoan ne koee misal nahian rakhi hai. ap to keval purani parampara ki or hi laute haian aur bharatiy nari ko phir se usake us puratan sthan mean la kh da kiya hai jahaan vah kabhi thi.' unaka yah bhi manana tha ki bharatiy nari kabhi bhi kripa ki patr nahian thi, vah sadaiv se samanata ki adhikari rahi haian. unhoanne apane in vicharoan ke sath mahilaoan mean atmavishvas jagrat karane ka kam kiya. pitrisatta ke samarthakoan ko bhi nariyoan ke prati apana najariya badalane ke liye protsahit kiya. bharat ke itihas mean ve bharatiy svadhinata aandolan ki pramukh nayika ke roop mean janian gayian. bhay ko vah deshadroh ke saman hi manati thian.

• 1925 ke kanapur kaangres adhiveshan mean sarojani nayadoo ne adhiveshan ki adhyakshata ki.
• 'golamej kaanphreans' mean mahatma gaandhi ke pratinidhi mandal mean sarojani nayadoo bhi sammilit thian.
• raulat ekt ka virodh karane ke lie sarojani nayadoo ne mahilaoan ko sangathit kiya.
• jab 1932 mean mahatma gaandhi jel gaye the, us samay aandolan ko raphtar dene aur badhane ka dayitv sarojani nayadoo ko sauanp kar gaye the. gaandhi ji ne kaha tha- 'tumhare hathoan mean bharat ki ekata ka kam sauanpata hooan.' bharat ka paksh rakhane ke lie mahatma gaandhi ne unhean amerika bheja tha.
• sarojani nayadoo ne mahilaoan ka netritv karate samay nari samaj ki unnati ke athak prayas kiye.
• bharat ke svatantr hone par unhean uttar pradesh ka rajyapal niyukt kiya gaya.

kaangres ki pratinidhi

1932 mean bharat desh ki pratinidhi banakar vah dakshin aphrika bhi geean. sarojani nayadoo ne lagabhag teis varshoan tak bharatiy kaangres parti mean padasin rahian. in varshoan mean unhoanne hindoo-muslim ekata ko majabooti di. nari utthan ko bhi aangrejoan ke virooddh svatantrata sangram mean ek sashakt hathiyar banaya. unaka vichar tha ki paratantrata se mukti ke lie mahilaoan ka yogadan bahut hi avashyak hai. ve rashtriy aandolanoan ki sabhi pramukh samitiyoan ki sadasy thian. unhoanne bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke pratinidhi ke roop mean vishv sammelanoan mean aangrezoan ki paratantrata se mukti ke bharatiy aur kaangres ke drishtikon ko bahut hi saphalata ke sath vishv patal par rakha. ek kushal senapati ki tarah unhoanne apani pratibha aur yogyata ka parichay har kshetr mean diya, chahe vah satyagrah raha ho ya sangathan. unhoanne anek rashtriy aandolanoan ka netritv kiya aur bahut bar jel bhi gayian. vah ek viraangana ki bhaanti gaanv-gaanv mean ghoomakar desh-prem ka alakh jagati rahian aur deshavasiyoan ko unake kartavy ki yad dilati rahian. unake vaktavy aur bhashan janata ke hriday ko jhakajhorate the. unase desh ke lie apana sarvasv nyochhavar karane ki prerana milati thi.

sachchi deshabhakt

vah sachchi deshabhakt thian. isaka parichay bhi samay-samay par milata raha hai. jab jaliyaanvala bag hatyakand ka virodh karate hue guroodev ravindranath taigor ne apani 'naitahud' ki upadhi sarakar ko vapis kar di thi to sarojini nayadoo ne bhi samajik sevaoan ke liye mili upadhi 'kaiansar-e-hind' vapas kar di thi. svatantrata ke pashchat 15 agast 1947 ko sarojini nayadoo ko desh ke sabase b de prant uttarapradesh ka rajyapal banaya gaya. vah is prakar ka koee pad nahian lena chahati thian kintu pandit javaharalal neharoo ke agrah ko vah mana nahian kar sakian. bahut bar kaangres parti ke bhitar uthe vivadoan ko hal karane mean bhi sarojini ji ne 'sankatamochak' ki bhoomika nibhayi. shrimati eni besent ki priy mitr aur gaandhi ji ki priy shishya ne apana sampoorn jivan desh ke lie arpit kar diya.

nidhan

2 march 1949 ko unaka dehaant hua . 13 pharavari 1964 ko bharat sarakar ne unaki jayanti ke avasar par unake samman mean 15 ne paise ka dak tikat bhi chalaya. is mahan deshabhakt ko desh ne bahut samman diya. sarojini nayadoo ko visheshat: 'bharat kokila', 'rashtriy neta' aur 'nari mukti andolan ki samarthak' ke roop mean sadaiv yad kiya jata rahega.