सर्वपितृ अमावस्या
sarvapitri amavasya
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| any nam | 'pitrivisarjani amavasya', 'mahalay samapan', 'mahalay visarjan'. |
| anuyayi | hindoo tatha pravasi bharatiy |
| uddeshy | pitrirrin se mukti tatha ghar mean dhan-dhany, santan prapti v sukh-samriddhi hetu. |
| prarambh | vaidik-pauranik |
| tithi | ashvin mah ki amavasya tithi |
| dharmik manyata | 'garu dapuran' ke anusar vibhinn nakshatroan mean kiye ge shraddhoan ka phal bhi bhinn-bhinn hota hai. |
| sanbandhit lekh | shraddh, pitripaksh, pitar, tarpan |
| vishesh | vedoan ke jnata, shrotriy, mantr adi ka vishisht jnan rakhane vale brahman hi shraddh grahan karane ke yogy mane jate haian. |
| any janakari | 'sarvapitri amavasya' pitaroan ko vida karane ki aantim tithi hoti hai. 15 din tak pitri ghar mean virajate haian aur ham unaki seva karate haian. 'sarvapitri amavasya' ke din sabhi bhoole-bisare pitaroan ka shraddh kar unase ashirvad ki kamana ki jati hai. |
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sarvapitri amavasya ashvin mah ki amavasya ko kaha jata hai. ashvin mah ka krishna paksh vah vishisht kal hai, jisamean pitaroan ke liye tarpan aur shraddh adi kiye jate hai. yadyapi pratyek amavasya pitaroan ki tithi hoti hai, kiantu ashvin mas ki amavasya 'pitripaksh' ke lie uttam mani gee hai. is amavasya ko 'sarvapitri amavasya' ya 'pitrivisarjani amavasya' ya 'mahalay samapan' ya 'mahalay visarjan' adi namoan se jana jata hai. yooan to shastrokt vidhi se kiya hua shraddh sadaiv kalyanakari hota hai, parantu jo log shastrokt samast shraddhoan ko n kar sakean, unhean kam se kam ashvin mas mean pitrigan ki maran tithi ke din shraddh avashy hi karana chahie.
pitaroan ka kal
bhadrapad mah ke shukl paksh ki poornima se pitaroan ka kal arambh ho jata hai. yah 'sarvapitri amavasya' tak rahata hai. jo vyakti pitripaksh ke pandrah dinoan tak shraddh, tarpan adi nahian kar pate haian aur jin pitaroan ki mrityu tithi yad n ho, un sabake shraddh, tarpan ityadi isi amavasya ko kiye jate hai. isalie sarvapitri amavasya ke din pitar apane pindadan evan shraddh adi ki asha se vishesh roop se ate haian. yadi unhean vahaan pindadan ya tilaanjali adi nahian milati to ve aprasann hokar chale jate haian, jisase age chalakar pitridosh lagata hai aur is karan anek kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p data hai.[1]
pitar vida karane ki aantim tithi
sarvapitri amavasya pitaroan ko vida karane ki aantim tithi hoti hai. 15 din tak pitri ghar mean virajate haian aur ham unaki seva karate haian. 'sarvapitri amavasya' ke din sabhi bhoole-bisare pitaroan ka shraddh kar unase ashirvad ki kamana ki jati hai. 'sarvapitri amavasya' ke sath hi 15 din ka shraddh paksh khatm ho jata hai. ashvin mah ke krishna paksh ki samapti ke bad agale din se 'navaratr' praranbh hote haian. 'sarvapitri amavasya' par ham apane un sabhi priyajanoan ka shradgh kar sakate haian, jinaki mrityu ki tithi ka jnan hamean nahian hai.[2] ve log jo kisi durghatana adi mean mrityu ko prapt hote haian, ya aise log jo hamare priy hote haian kiantu unaki mrityu tithi hamean jnat nahian hoti to aise logoan ka bhi shraddh is amavasya par kiya jata hai.
mahalay shraddh
is amavasya par 'mahalay shraddh' bhi kiya jata hai. 'maha' se arth hota hai- 'utsav din' aur 'alay' se arth hai- 'ghar' arthat krishna paksh mean pitaroan ka nivas mana gaya hai. isalie is kal mean pitaroan ki tripti ke lie shraddh kie jate haian, jo 'mahalay' bhi kahalata hai. yadi koee parivar pitridosh se kalah tatha daridrata se gujar raha ho aur pitridosh shaanti ke lie apane pitaroan ki mrityu tithi maloom n ho to use sarvapitri amavasya ke din pitaroan ka shraddh-tarpanadi karana chahie, jisase pitrigan vishesh prasann hote haian aur yadi pitridosh ho to usake prabhav mean bhi kami ati hai.
shraddh ke lie brahman ki yogyata
vedoan ke jnata, shrotriy, mantr adi ka vishisht jnan rakhane vale brahman shraddh grahan karane ke yogy mane jate haian. inhean hi bhojan karane ya dan dene se akshay phal ki prapti hoti hai. bhanje ko bhi bhojan karaya ya dan diya ja sakata hai. manyata hai ki ek bhanja sau vaman ke barabar hota hai. rogi, vikalaang, maansahari, sharabi, charitrahin, kutsit karm mean jute tatha avaishnav ko shraddh mean bulana anuchit hai. pitri inako shradgh phal grahan karate dekhakar kasht pate haian.
til ka prayog
[[chitr:Sesame-seeds.jpg|thumb|200px|left|til]] pitri kary mean til ka prayog hi uchit mana gaya hai. shraddh kary mean nimantrit brahmanoan ko maun hokar bhojan karana chahie. bhojan lohe ke bartanoan mean nahian khilana chahie. shraddh karane vale ko saphed vastr hi pahanana chahie. sath hi baiangan ki sabji bhojan mean nahian honi chahie. sarvapitri shraddh aparahn mean hi kiya jata hai. sath hi shraddh karane vale parivar ko prasannata evan vinamrata ke sath bhojan parosana chahie. sanbhav ho to jab tak brahman bhojan grahan karean, tab tak purush sookt tatha pavaman sookt adi ka jap hote rahana chahie. bhojan kar chuke brahmanoan ke uthane ke pashchath shraddh karane vale ko apane pitri se is prakar prarthana karani chahie-
dataro noabhivardhantaan veda: santatirev ch॥
shradgha ch no ma vyagamadh bahu deyan ch noastivati.
arthat "pitrigan ! hamare parivar mean dataoan, vedoan aur santanoan ki vridghi ho, hamari ap mean kabhi bhi shraddh n ghate, dan dene ke lie hamare pas bahut sanpatti ho." isi ke sath upasthit brahmanoan ki pradakshina ke sath unhean dakshina adi pradan kar vida karean. shraddh karane vale vyakti ko bache hue ann ko hi bhojan ke roop mean grahan kar us ratri brahmachary vrat ka palan karana chahie. shraddh prapt hone par pitri, shraddh kary karane vale parivar mean dhan, santan, bhoomi, shiksha, arogy adi mean vriddhi pradan karate haian.
puran ullekh
'manusmriti', 'yajnavalakyasmriti' jaise dharm granthoan mean hi nahian, varanh puranoan adi mean bhi shraddh ko mahattvapoorn karm batate hue use karane ke lie prerit kiya gaya hai. 'garu dapuran' ke anusar vibhinn nakshatroan mean kiye ge shraddhoan ka phal nimn prakar milata[2] hai- [[chitr:Shraddh-2.jpg|thumb|150px|shraddh karm mean pooja karate brahman]] thumb|150px|jalaanjali deta vyakti [[chitr:Pind dan shradh.jpg|thumb|150px|pindadan karate log]]
- krittika nakshatr mean kiya gaya shraddh samast kamanaoan ko poorn karata hai.
- rohini nakshatr mean shraddh hone par santanasukh
- mrigashira nakshatr mean gunoan mean vriddhi
- ardra nakshatr mean aishvary
- punarvasu nakshatr mean suandarata
- pushy nakshatr mean atulaniy vaibhav
- ashlesha nakshatr mean dirghayu
- magha nakshatr mean achchhi sehat
- poorvaphalguni nakshatr mean achchha saubhagy
- hast nakshatr mean vidya ki prapti
- chitra nakshatr mean prasiddh santan
- svati nakshatr mean vyapar mean labh
- vishakha nakshatr mean vansh vriddhi
- anuradha nakshatr mean uchch pad pratishtha
- jyeshtha nakshatr mean uchch adhikar bhara dayitv
- mool nakshatr mean manushy arogy prapt karata hai.
pitrirrin se mukti ka sadhan
samanyat: jiv ke jarie is jivan mean pap aur puny donoan hote haian. puny ka phal hai svarg aur pap ka phal hai narak. apane puny aur pap ke adhar par svarg aur narak bhogane ke pashchath jiv pun: apane karmoan ke anusar chaurasi lakh yoniyoan mean bhatakane lagata hai. jabaki punyatma manushy ya dev yoni ko prapt karate haian. at: bharatiy sanatan sanskriti ke anusar putr-pautradi ka kartavy hota hai ki ve apane mata-pita aur poorvajoan ke nimitt kuchh aise shastrokt karm karean, jisase un mrit praniyoan ko paralok mean athava any yoniyoan mean bhi sukh ki prapti ho sake. isalie bharatiy sanskriti evan sanatan dharm mean pitrirrin se mukt hone ke lie shraddh karane ki anivaryata bataee gee hai. vartaman samay mean adhikaansh manushy shraddh karate to haian, magar unamean se kuchh log hi shraddh ke niyamoan ka palan karate haian. kintu adhikaansh log shastrokt vidhi se aparichit hone ke karan keval rasmarivaj ki drishti se shraddh karate haian.
shastrokt vidhi se shraddh
thumb|left|250px|shraddh poojan vastut: shastrokt vidhi se kiya hua shraddh hi sarvavidhi kalyan pradan karata hai. at: pratyek vyakti ko shrriddhapoorvak shastrokt vidhi se shraddh sampann karana chahie. jo log shastrokt samast shraddhoan ko n kar sakean, unhean kam se kam ashvin mas mean pitrigan ki maran tithi ke din shraddh karana chahie. yadyapi pratyek amavasya pitaroan ki puny tithi hoti hai, lekin ashvin mas ki amavasya pitaroan ke lie param phaladayi mani gee hai. is amavasya ko 'sarvapitri amavasya' athava 'mahalaya' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. jo vyakti pitripaksh ke pandrah dinoan tak shraddh, tarpan adi nahian kar pate athava jin pitaroan ki mrityu tithi yad n ho, un sabake nimitt shraddh, tarpan, dan adi isi amavasya ko kiya jata hai. shastriy manyata hai ki amavasya ke din pitar apane putradi ke dvar par pindadan evan shraddh adi ki asha se ate haian. yadi unhean vahaan pindadan ya tilaanjali adi nahian milati, to ve aprasann hokar chale jate haian, jisase jivan mean pitridosh ke karan anek kathinaiyoan aur vighn badhaoan ka samana karana p data hai.
shraddh vidhi
thumb|200px|shraddh karate log shraddhakarta poorvabhimukh kh da hokar hath mean til, trikush aur jal lekar yathavidhi sankalp kar panchabali danapoorvak brahman ko bhojan karae.
panchabali vidhi
go-bali (patte par): mandal ke bahar pashchim ki or 'ooan saurabheyy: sarvahita:' mantr padhate hue go-bali patte par dean tatha 'idan gobhyo n mamh' aisa kahean.
shvan-bali
(patte par): yajnopavit ko kanthi kar 'dvau shvanau shyam shabalau' mantr padhate hue kuttoan ko bali dean 'idan shvabhyaan n mamh' aisa kahean.
kak bali
(bhoomi par): apasavy hokar 'ooan aidrevarun vayanya' mantr padhakar kauvoan ko bhoomi par ann dean. sath hi is mantr ko bolean–'idan vayasebhyo n mamh'.
devadi bali
(patte par): savy hokar 'ooan deva: manushya: pashavo' mantr bolete hue devadi ke lie ann dean tatha 'idamannan devadibhyo n mamh' kahean.
pipilakadi bali
(patte par): savy hokar 'pipilika kit patangakaya' mantr bolate hue thali mean sabhi pakavan paros kar apasabhy aur dakshinabhimukh hokar nimn sankalp karean-
'adyaamuk amuk sharma varma, guptoahamook gotrasy mam pitu: matu: mahalay shraddhe sarvapitri visarjanamava syayaan akshayatript rthamidamannan tasmai. tasyai va svadha.'
phir brahman bhojan ka sankalp nimn mantr se karana chahie-
'poorvochcharit sankalpasiddhayarth mahalay shraddhe yatha sankhyakan brahmanan bhojayishthe.'
aisa sankalp karake annadan ka sankalp jal pitritirth se niche chho d dean. pun: poorvabhimukh hokar 'ooan gotran no vardhana dataran noabhivardhatamh' mantr se eeshvar se ashirvad ke lie prarthana karean tatha brahman ko bhojan karaean.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ kya hai sarvapitri amavasya ka mahattv (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 18 sitambar, 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 samast pitaroan ko naman (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 18 sitambar, 2013.
sanbandhit lekh
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