साँची
saanchi
| |
| vivaran | saanchi stoop bauddh smarak haian, jo ki tisari shatabdi ee.poo. se barahavian shatabdi ke bich ke haian. |
| rajy | madhy pradesh |
| zila | rayasen |
| bhaugolik sthiti | uttar- 23° 28' 50.36"; poorv -77° 44' 10.68" |
| marg sthiti | bhopal se 46 kimi poorvottar mean, tatha besanagar aur vidisha se 10 kimi ki doori par madhy pradesh ke madhy bhag mean sthit hai. |
| kab jaean | aktoobar se march |
| kaise pahuanchean | havaee jahaz, rel, bas adi se pahuancha ja sakata hai. |
| havaee adda | raja bhoj vimanatal, bhopal |
| relave steshan | bhopal jankshan, habibaganj |
| yatayat | aauto riksha, taiksi, mini bas |
| kya dekhean | stoop, ashok stanbh, bauddh vihar, puratatv sangrahalay |
| kahaan thaharean | hotal, dharmashala, atithi grah |
| kya kharidean | buddh ki dastakari moortiyaan, sangamaramar patthar, lak di adi se bane saanchi stoop |
| es.ti.di. kod | 7482 |
| e.ti.em | lagabhag sabhi |
| chitr:Map-icon.gif | googal manachitr |
| bhasha | hindi aur aangrezi |
| any janakari | saanchi se milane vale kee abhilekhoan mean is sthan ko kakanadabot nam se abhihit kiya gaya hai. |
| bahari k diyaan | saanchi |
| adyatan | 12:20, 1 janavari 2013 (IST)
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saanchi (aangrezi: Sanchi) bharat ke madhy pradesh rajy ke rayasen zile mean sthit ek chhota sa gaanv hai. yah bhopal se 46 kimi poorvottar mean tatha besanagar aur vidisha se 10 kimi ki doori par madhy-pradesh ke madhy bhag mean hai. yahaan bauddh smarak haian, jo ki tisari shatabdi ee.poo. se barahavian shatabdi ke bich ke haian. yah rayasen zile ki ek nagar panchayat hai. yahian yah stoop sthit hai. is stoop ko ghere hue kee toran bhi haian. yah prem, shaanti, vishvas aur sahas ka pratik hai. saanchi ka stoop, samrat ashok mahanh ne tisari shati, ee.poo. mean banavaya tha. isaka kendr, ek samany arddhagolakar, eeant nirmit dhaancha tha, jo ki buddh ke kuchh avasheshoan par bana tha. isake shikhar par ek chhatr tha, jo ki smarak ko diye gaye samman ka pratik tha.
itihas
yah prasiddh sthan, jahaan ashok dvara nirmit ek mahanh stoop, jinake bhavy toranadvar tatha un par ki gee jagat prasiddh moortikari bharat ki prachin vastukala tatha moortikala ke sarvottam udaharanoan mean haian. bauddh ki prasiddh aishvaryashalini nagari vidisha (bhilasa) ke nikat sthit hai. jan p data hai ki bauddhakal mean saanchi, mahanagari vidisha ki upanagari tatha vihar-sthali thi. sar jon marshal ke mat mean[1] kalidas ne nichagiri nam se jis sthan ka varnan meghadoot mean vidisha ke nikat kiya hai, vah saanchi ki paha di hi hai. kaha jata hai ki ashok ne apani priy patni devi ke kahane par hi saanchi mean yah suandar stoop banavaya tha. devi, vidisha ke ek shreshthi ki putri thi aur ashok ne us samay usase vivah kiya tha jab vah apane pita ke rajyakal mean vidisha ka kumaramaty tha.[[chitr:Sanchi-Stupa.jpg|thumb|250px|left|buddh stoop, saanchi
Buddha Stupa, Sanchi]]
abhilekh
saanchi se milane vale kee abhilekhoan mean is sthan ko 'kakanadabot' nam se abhihit kiya gaya hai. inamean se pramukh 131 gupt sanvat (450-51) ee. ka hai jo kumaragupt pratham ke shasanakal se sanbandhit hai. isamean bauddh upasak sanasiddh ki patni upasika harisvamini dvara kakanadabot mean sthit aryasangh ke nam kuchh dhan ke dan mean die jane ka ullekh hai. ek any lekh ek stanbh par utkirn hai jisaka sanbandh gosurasianhabal ke putr viharasvamin se hai. yah bhi guptakalin hai.
sthapana
saanchi ki sthapana bauddh dharm v usaki shiksha ke prachar-prasar mean maury kal ke mahanh raja ashok ka sabase bada yogadan raha. buddh ka sandesh duniya tak pahuanchane ke lie unhoanne ek suniyojit yojana ke tahat kary aranbh kiya. sarvapratham unhoanne bauddh dharm ko rajakiy prashray diya. unhoanne purane stoopoan ko khudava kar unase mile avasheshoan ke 84 hazar bhag kar apane rajy sahit nikatavarti deshoan mean bhejakar badi sankhya mean stoopoan ka nirman karavaya. in stoopoan ko sthayi sanrachanaoan mean badala taki ye lanbe samay tak bane rah sakean. samrat ashok ne bharat mean jin sthanoan par bauddh smarakoan ka nirman karaya unamean saanchi bhi ek tha jise prachin nam kankenava, kakanya adi se jana jata hai. tab yah bauddh shiksha ke pramukh keandr ke roop mean vikasit ho chuka tha. hven saang ke yatra vrittaant mean buddh ke bodh gaya se saanchi jane ka ullekh nahian milata hai. sanbhav hai saanchi ki ujjayini se nikatata aur poorv se pashchim v uttar se dakshin jane vale yatra marg par hona bhi isaki sthapana ki vajahoan mean se raha ho.[2]
jirnoddhar
saanchi ki kirti rajapoot kal tak bani rahi kiantu aurangajeb ke kal mean bauddh dharm ka keandr saanchi gumanami mean kho gaya. usake bad yahaan charoan or ghani jhadiyaan v pe d ug ae.19vian sadi mean karnal telar yahaan ae to unhean saanchi ke stoop buri halat mean mile. unhoanne unako khudavaya aur vyavasthit kiya. kuchh itihasakar manate haian unhoanne isake aandar dhan sanpada ke aandeshe mean khudaee ki jisase isaki sanrachana ko kafi nukasan hua. bad mean puravid marshal ne inaka jirnoddhar karavaya. charoan or ghani jha diyoan ke madhy saanchi ke sare nirman ka pata lagana aur unaka jirnoddhar karake mool akar dena behad kathin tha, kiantu unhoanne bakhoobi se isaki purani kirti ko kuchh had tak lautane mean madad ki.[2]
visheshata
yah stoop ek ooanchi paha di par nirmit hai. isake charoan or suandar parikramapath hai. balu-prastar ke bane char toran stoop ke chaturdikh sthit haian jin ke lanbe-lanbe pattakoan par buddh ke jivan se sanbandhit, visheshat: jatakoan mean varnit kathaoan ka moortikari ke roop mean adbhut aankan kiya gaya hai. is moortikari mean prachin bharatiy jivan ke sabhi roopoan ka digdarshan kiya gaya hai. manushyoan ke atirikt pashu-pakshi tatha pe d-paudhoan ke jivant chitr is kala ki mukhy visheshata haian. saralata, samany, aur sauandary ki udbhabhavana hi saanchi ki moortikala ki preranatmak shakti hai.[[chitr:Sanchi-Stupa-Sanchi.jpg|thumb|300px|left|buddh stoop, saanchi]] is moortikari mean gautam buddh ki moorti nahian paee jati kyoanki us samay tak[3] buddh ko devata ke roop mean moorti banakar nahian pooja jata tha. kanishk ke kal mean mahayan dharm ke uday hone ke sath hi bauddh dharm mean gautam buddh ki moorti ka pravesh hua. saanchi mean buddh ki upasthiti ka abhas unake kuchh vishisht pratikoan dvara kiya gaya hai, jaise unake grihaparityag ka chitran ashvarohi se rahit, keval dau date hue gho de ke dvara, jis par ek chhatr sthapit hai, kiya gaya hai. isi prakar buddh ki bodhi ka abhas pipal ke vriksh ke niche khali vajrasan dvara diya gaya hai. pashu-pakshiyoan ke chitran mean saanchi ka ek moortichitr ativ manohar hai. isamean janavaroan ke ek chikitsalay ka chitran hai jahaan ek tote ki vikrit aankh ka ek vanar manoranjak dhang se parikshan kar raha hai. tapasvi buddh ko ek vanar dvara die ge payas ka chitran bhi adbhut roop se kiya gaya hai. ek katore mean khir lie hue ek vanar ka ashvatth vriksh ke niche vajrasan ke nikat dhire-dhire ane tatha khali katora lekar laut jane ka aankan hai jisamean vastavikata ka bhav dikhane ke lie usi vanar ki lagatar kee pratimaean chitrit haian. saanchi ki moortikala dakshin bharat ki amaravati ki moortikala ki bhaanti hi poorv bauddh kalin bharat ke samany tatha saral jivan ki manohar jhaanki prastut karati hai. saanchi ke is stoop mean se utkhanan dvara sariputr tatha moggalayan namak bhikshuoan ke asthi avashesh prapt hue the jo ab sthaniy sangrahalay mean surakshit haian. saanchi mean ashok ke samay ka ek doosara chhota stoop bhi hai. isamean toran-dvar nahian hai. ashok ka ek prastar-stanbh jis par maury samrath ka shilalekh utkirn hai yahaan ke mahattvapoorn smarakoan mean se hai. yah stanbh bhagnavastha mean prapt hua tha.
saanchi ke stoop
saanchi ke stoop door se dekhane mean bhale mamooli arddhagolakar sanrachanaean lagati haian lekin isaki bhavyata, vishishtata v barikiyoan ka pata saanchi akar dekhane par hi lagata hai. isilie desh-duniya se badi sankhya mean bauddh matavalanbi, paryatak, shodharthi, adhyeta is bemisal sanrachana ko dekhane chale ate haian. saanchi ke stoopoan ka nirman kee kalakhandoan mean hua jise eesa poorv tisari sadi se barahavian sadi ke madhy mean mana gaya hai. eesa poorv 483 mean jab gautam buddh ne deh tyag kiya to unake sharir ke avasheshoan par adhikar ke lie unake anuyayi raja apas mean ladane-jhagadane lage. aant mean ek bauddh sant ne samajha-bujhakar unake sharir ke avasheshoan ke hissoan ko unamean vitarit kar samadhan kiya. inhean lekar aranbh mean ath stoopoan ka nirman hua aur is prakar gautam buddh ke nirvan ke bad bauddh dharm ka prachar-prasar in stoopoan ko pratik manakar hone laga.[2] [[chitr:Sanchi-3.jpg|200px|buddh stoop, saanchi|thumb]]
bauddh vastu shilpakala
bauddhadharm mean eeshvaravadi siddhaant ke sthan par shikshaoan ka mahatv hai. in sanrachanaoan mean mandir se pare stoop ek naya vichar tha. 'stoop' shabd sanskrit v pali se nikala mana jata hai jisaka arth hota hai 'dher'. aranbh mean keandriy bhag mean tathagat[4]ke avashesh rakh usake oopar mitti patthar dalakar inako golakar akar diya gaya. inamean bahar se eetoan v pattharoan ki aisi chinaee ki gee taki khule mean in stoopoan par mausam ka koee prabhav n ho sake. stoopoan mean mandir ki bhaanti koee garbh grih nahian hota. ashok dvara saanchi mean banaya gaya stoop isase pahale ke stoopoan se vishisht tha. bauddh kala ki sarvottam kritiyaan saanchi mean bauddh vastu shilp ki behatarin kritiyaan haian jinamean 'stoop', 'toran', 'stanbh' shamil haian. inamean stoop sankhya 1 samrat ashok dvara banavaya gaya tha jisamean mahatma buddh ke avashesh rakhe ge.
qarib mean yahaan par do any chhote stoop bhi haian jinamean unake do shuruati shishyoan ke avashesh rakhe ge haian. pahale stoop ki 'vedika' mean jane ke lie charoan dishaoan mean toran dvar ban haian. poore stoop ke bahar jahaan pahale kathor lakadi hua karati thi aj pattharoan ki reliang hai. aandar vedika hai v kuchh ooanchaee tak jane ke lie 'pradakshina path' hai. stoop ke guanbad par pattharoan ki vargakar reliang[5] bani hai v shikhar par 'tristariy chhatr' hai. stoop ki vedika mean pravesh ke lie char dishaoan mean char toran[6] haian. patthar se bane toranoan mean mahatma buddh ke jivan ki jhaanki v jatak prasangoan ko ukera gaya haian. yah kary itani bariki se kiya gaya hai ki mano karigaroan ne kalam kooanchi se unako gadha ho. is stoop ke dakshini toran ke samane ashok stanbh sthapit hai. isaka patthar as-pas kahian nahian milata hai. mana jata hai ki 50 tan vajani is stanbh ko saikadoan kos door chunar se yahaan lakar sthapit kiya gaya. yahaan par ek mandir ke avashesh hai jise guptakal mean nirmit mana gaya hai.[2]
bauddh math
saanchi ke stoopoan ke samip ek bauddh math ke avashesh haian jahaan bauddh bhikshuoan ke avas the. yahi par patthar ka vah vishal katora hai jisase bhikshuoan mean ann baanta jata tha. yahaan par maury, shuang, kushan, satavahan v guptakalin avasheshoan sahit chhoti-badi kul char darjan sanrachanaean haian. shuang kal mean saanchi mean ashok dvara nirmit stoop ko vistar diya gaya jisase isaka vyas 70 phit badhakar 120 phit v ooanchaee 54 phit ho gee. isake alava yahaan par any stoopoan ka nirman karaya. saanchi mean in stoopoan ka jirnoddhar lanbe samay tak chala jisamean ise advitiy banane ke lie kalpana shakti ka istemal kiya gaya. isake bad shuang v kushan nareshoan ne apane kal mean yahaan par any stoop nirmit karavae. maury, shuang, kushan satavahan v guptakal tak bauddh dharm phalata phoolata raha kintu inake patan ke uparaant rajakiy kripadrishti samapt hone se bauddh dharm ka avasan hone laga. lekin bad ke shasakoan ne bauddh smarakoan v mandiroan ko yathavat rahane diya.[2]
yoonesko ki soochi mean shamil
[[chitr:Sanchi-Buddhist-Stuppa-3.jpg|thumb|300px|buddh stoop, saanchi]] dharm v paryatan ka sangam 'saanchi' 1989 mean yoonesko ki vishv virasat sthal soochi mean shamil hone ke bad se isaka mahatv bahut badha. bauddh dharm ka pramukh keandr hone ke karan yahaan par deshi v videshi matavalanbiyoan ka jamavada laga rahata hai. saanchi ki bhavyata ko dekhane ko pratidin hajaroan paryatak pahuanchate haian jinamean videshi sailaniyoan ki badi sankhya hoti hai. is sare parisar ke prabandhan v sanrakshan ka kary bharatiy puratatv sarvekshan vibhag ke adhin hai. yahaan ka puratatv sangrahalay bhi darshaniy hai. aranbh mean varsh 1919 mean ise stoopoan ke nikat banaya gaya tha kiantu jaise-jaise samagri ki prachurata hone lagi ise 1986 mean saanchi ki paha di ke adhar par ne sangrahalay bhavan mean sthanaantarit kar diya gaya. is sangrahalay mean maury, shuang, satavahan, kushan, gupt kalin prastar kala ke avashesh, moortiyaan, shilalekh adi dekhane ko milate haian. saanchi ke in smarakoan ki bhavyata to agantukoan ko chamatkrit karati hi hai, sath mean yahaan ka shaant vatavaran har ane vale ko mahatma buddh ke shaanti ke sandesh ko samajhane mean madad deta hai.[2]
kaise pahuanchean
saanchi ke lie havaee jahaz, rel, bas adi ke dvara aram se prasthan kiya ja sakata hai.
- havaee jahaz dvara
nitakatam havaee adda 'raja bhoj vimanatal', bhopal mean haian jisaki flait dilli, mumbee jaise shaharoan se roz haian.
- rel dvara
nitakatam relave steshan bhopal jankshan, habibaganj mean haian jo desh ke sabhi b de shaharoan se ju da hua hai.
- bas dvara
bas dvara bhi asani se ja sakate haian. saanchi, bhopal se 46 kimi, vidisha se 10 kimi aur iandaur se 232 kimi ki doori par hai.
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vithika
- chitr:A-View-Of-Sanchi-Stupa.jpg
stoop se dikhaee deta shanadar drishy, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-7.jpg
buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:A-Pond-In-Sanchi-Stupa.jpg
stoop parisar mean sthit talab, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-1.jpg
stoop ke bhitar ka drishy, saanchi
- chitr:Western-Archway-Entrance-View-Directory-Sanchi-Stupa.jpg
pashchimi toranadvar:drishy nirdeshika, buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-3.jpg
stoop sanbandhit janakari deta lekh, saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi-Memorial.jpg
saanchi smarak, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-2.jpg
buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-4.jpg
buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-5.jpg
stoop ki janakari deta lekh
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-6.jpg
buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-9.jpg
stoop parisar ka drishy, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-8.jpg
stoop ka shanadar toran dvar
- chitr:Entry-Gate-Of-Sanchi-Stupa.jpg
pravesh dvar, buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Estern-Archway-Entrance-View-Directory-Sanchi-Stupa.jpg
poorvi toranadvar:drishy nirdeshika, buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Front-View-Of-Sanchi-Stupa.jpg
toranadvar ke samane ka drishy, buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Southern-Archway-Entrance-View-Directory-Sanchi-Stupa.jpg
dakshini toranadvar:drishy nirdeshika, buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Buddha-Stupa-Sanchi-10.jpg
shilapatt, buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-1.jpg
saanchi smarak, saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-2.jpg
buddh stoop, saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-3.jpg
stoop ka shanadar toran dvar
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-4.jpg
saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-5.jpg
saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-6.jpg
saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-10.jpg
saanchi smarak, saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi Stupa-9.jpg
saanchi smarak, saanchi
- chitr:Sanchi-Stupa-5.jpg
buddh stoop, saanchi
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ e gaid tu saanchi
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 bauddh kala ki bemisal kritiyaan (hiandi) Moomal Yatra. abhigaman tithi: 1 janavari, 2013.
- ↑ shuang kal, dvitiy shati ee.poo.
- ↑ mahatma buddh
- ↑ harmika
- ↑ dvar