सुन्दरदास खण्डेलवाल

sundaradas khandelaval bhaktikal ke kavi the. unaka janm chaitr shukl 9, sanvat 1653 mean dausa namak sthan, jayapur mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam 'paramanand' aur mata ka nam 'sati' tha. jab ye 6 varsh ke the, tab dadoodayal dausa mean ge the. tabhi se yah dadoodayal ke shishy ho ge aur unake sath rahane lage. sanvat 1660 mean dadoodayal ka dehaant hua. tab tak ye narana mean rahe. phir jagajivan sadhu ke sath apane janmasthan dausa mean a ge. vahaan sanvat 1663 tak rahakar phir jagajivan ke sath kashi chale ae.

shiksha

kashi mean sundaradas ji ne 30 varsh ki avastha tak sanskrit vyakaran, vedant aur puran adi ki shiksha prapt ki. sanskrit ke atirikt ye farasi bhasha bhi janate the. kashi se lautane par ve rajapootana ke fatehapur aur shekhavati namak sthan par akar rahe. vahaan ke navab alif khaan inhean bahut manate the.

vyaktitv

inaka diladaul bahut achchha, rang gora aur roop bahut suandar tha. svabhav atyant komal aur mridul tha. ye bal brahmachari the aur stri ki charcha se sada door rahate the.

bhasha shaili

nirgun panthiyoan mean ye hi aise vyakti hue haian, jinhean samuchit shiksha mili thi aur jo kavy kala ki riti adi se achchhi tarah parichit the. at: inaki rachana sahityik aur saras hai. bhasha bhi kavy ki manji huee brajabhasha hai. bhakti aur jnanacharcha ke atirikt niti aur deshachar adi par bhi inhoanne b de suandar pad kahe haian. doosare santoan ne keval gane ke pad aur dohe kahe haian, par inhoanne siddh hast kaviyoan ke saman bahut se kavitt, savaiye rache haian. yoan to chhote mote inake anek granth haian par sundaravilas hi sabase adhik prasiddh hai, jisamean kavitt, savaiye hi adhik haian. in kavitt savaiyoan mean yamak, anupras aur arthalankar adi ki yojana barabar milati hai. inaki rachana kavyapaddhati ke anusar hone ke karan aur santoan ki rachana se bhinn prakar ki dikhaee p dati hai. sant to ye the hi par kavi bhi the. isase samaj ki riti niti aur vyavahar adi par bhi inaki b di vinodapoorn uktiyaan haian, jaise gujarat par abh d chhot atit soan hot bilar aur kookar chatat haandi, marava d par vrichchh n nir n uttam chir sudesan mean gat des hai maroo, dakshin par raandhat pyaj, bigarat naj, n avat laj, karai sab bhachchhan; poorab desh par brahman, kshatriy, vaisaru, soodar charoi barn ke machchh bagharat.

nidhan

inaka dehaant kartik shukl 8, sanvath 1746 ko saanganer mean hua.

rachanaean

• inaki rachana ke kuchh udaharan haian -

geh tajyo aru neh tajyo puni kheh lagai kai deh sanvari.
meh sahe sir, sit sahe tan, dhoop samai jo panchagini bari.
bhookh sahi rahi rookh tare, par suandaradas sabai du:kh bhari.
dasan chhaan dikai kasan oopar asan marayo, pai as n mari

• vyarth ki tukabandi aur ootapataang bani inako ruchikar n thi. isaka pata inake is kavitt se lagata hai -
  

bolie tau tab jab bolibe ki buddhi hoy,
na tau mukh maun gahi chup hoy rahie.
jorie to tab jab joribai ki riti janai,
tuk chhand arath anoop jame lahie
gaie tau tab jab gaibe ko kanth hoy,
shravan ke sunat hi manai jay gahie.
tukabhang, chhandabhang, arath milai n kachhu,

suandar kahat aisi bani nahian kahie

• sushiksha dvara vistrit drishti prapt hone se inhoanne aur nirgunavadiyoan ke saman lokadharm ki upeksha nahian ki hai. pativraty ka palan karane vali striyoan, ranakshetr mean kathin kartavy ka palan karane vale shooraviroan adi ke prati inake vishal hriday mean samman ke lie poori jagah thi. -

pati hi sooan prem hoy, pati hi sooan nem hoy,
pati hi sooan chhem hoy, pati hi sooan rat hai.
pati hi jajn jog, pati hi hai ras bhog,
pati hi sooan mitai sog, pati hi ko jat hai
pati hi hai jnan dhyan, pati hi hai puny dan,
pati hi hai tirth nhan, pati hi ko matahai.
pati binu pati nahian, pati binu gati nahian,
suandar sakal bidhi ek pativrat hai

sunat nagare chot bigasai kamalamukh,
adhik uchhah phoolyo mat hai n tan mean.
phairai jab saang tab kou nahian dhir dharai,
kayar kanpayaman hot dekhi man mean
koodi kai patang jaise parat pavak mahian,
aise tooti parai bahu savat ke gan mean.
mari ghamasan kari suandar juharai shyam,
soee soorabir rupi rahai jay ran mean

• isi prakar inhoanne jo srishti tatv adi vishay kahe haian ve bhi auroan ke saman manamane aur ootapataang nahian haian, shastr ke anukool haian. is pad mean brahm ke age aur sab kram saankhy ke anukool hai -
  

brahm tean purush aru prakriti pragat bhee,
prakriti tean mahattattav, puni ahankar hai.
ahankar hoo tean tin gun sat, raj, tam,
tamahoo tean mahabhoot bishay pasar hai
rajahoo tean iandri das prithakh prithakh bhee,
sattahoo tean man, adi devata vicharahai.
aise anukram kari shishy sooan kahat guru,
suandar sakal yah mithya bhramajar hai

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

achary, ramachandr shukl “prakaran 2”, hindi sahity ka itihas (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: kamal prakashan, nee dilli, prishth san. 70-72.