सुबुक्तगीन

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subuktagin (977-997) gazani ki gaddi par alaptagin ki mrityu ke bad baitha tha. praranbh mean vah ek gulam tha, jise alaptagin ne kharid liya tha. apane gulam ki pratibha se prabhavit hokar alaptagin ne use apana damad bana liya tha aur 'amir-ul-umara' ki upadhi se use sammanit kiya.

bharat par akraman

subuktagin ek yogy tatha mahattvakaankshi shasak siddh hua. usane apani shakti ko badhaya aur sath hi rajy ka vistar karana bhi shuroo kar diya. usaki badhati huee shakti ko kamazor bana dene ke lie panjab ke nikat hindushahi vansh rajy ke shasak jayapal ne ek yojana banaee aur subuktagin ke rajy par akraman kar diya. kintu is yuddh mean jayapal ki sena subuktagin ki sena se parajit ho gayi. hindoo shasak jayapal ko parajay ke karan vivash hokar subuktagin se ek apamanajanak sandhi karani p di. pahale is apamanajanak sandhi ko svikar karane ke lie jayapal taiyar nahian tha, kintu jab subuktagin ne bharat mean usake rajy par akraman kar use doosari bar parajit kiya, tab use sandhi ki shartoan ko svikar kar muslim shasak ke samaksh jhukane ko vivash hona p da. subuktagin ne peshavar mean apani ek sena rakh di, jo usake vijit pradeshoan ki dekhabhal karane lagi. 991-992 mean kafi b di matra mean dhan lekar subuktagin gazani vapas laut gaya.

mrityu

997 mean subuktagin ki mrityu ho gayi. usake nidhan ke bad usaka putr mahamood gazanavi gazani ki gaddi par baitha, jisane bharat ke itihas mean ek naya adhyay jo d diya. usane bharat par lagatar 17 bar akraman kiya aur b di matra mean loot-pat ki.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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