सुमित्रा
| chitr:Disamb2.jpg sumitra | ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- sumitra (bahuvikalpi) |
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sumitra ramayan ki pramukh patr aur raja dasharath ki tin maharaniyoan mean se ek haian. sumitra ayodhya ke raja dasharath ki patni tatha lakshman evan shatrughn ki mata thian. maharani kaushalya pattamahishi thian. maharani kaikeyi maharaj ko sarvadhik priy thian aur shesh mean shri sumitra ji hi pradhan thian. maharaj dasharath pray: kaikeyi ke mahal mean hi raha karate the. sumitra ji maharani kausalya ke sannikat rahana tatha unaki seva karana apana dharm samajhati thian. putreshti-yajn samapt hone par agni ke dvara prapt charoo ka adha bhag to maharaj ne kaushalya ji ko diya shesh ka adha kaikeyi ko prapt hua. chaturthaansh jo shesh tha, usake do bhag karake maharaj ne ek bhag kaushalya tatha doosara kaikeyi ke hathoan par rakh diya. donoan raniyoan ne use sumitra ji ko pradan kiya. samay par mata sumitra ne do putroan ko janm diya. kaushalya ji ke diye bhag ke prabhav se lakshman ji shriram ke aur kaikeyi ji dvara diye gaye bhag ke prabhav se shatrughn bharat ji ke anugami hue. vaise charoan kumaroan ko ratri mean nidra mata sumitra hi karati thian. anek bar mata kaushalya shri ram ko apane pas sula letian. ratri mean jagane par ve rone lagate. mata ratri mean hi sumitra ke bhavan mean pahuanchakar kahatian- 'sumitra! apane ram ko lo. inhean tumhari god ke bina nidra hi nahian ati dekho, inhoanne ro-rokar aankhe lal kar li haian.' shri ram sumitra ki god mean jate hi so jate.
sahity mean sumitra
- kaushalya ki apeksha sumitra prakhar, prabhavi evan sangharshamayi ramani hai . kaikeyi ke vachanoan ki palana evan shriram prabhu ke sath jab lakshman apani mata se van jane ki ajna chahate haian to vah kahati hai ki jahaan shriram ji ka nivas ho vahian ayodhya hai . jahaan soory ka prakash ho vahian din hai . yadi nishchay hi sita-ram van ko jate haian to ayodhya mean tumhara kuchh bhi kam nahian hai . ‘manas’ ki ukt panktiyaan avalokaniy haian-
avadh tahaan jahan ram nivasoo . tahanian divasu jahan bhanu prakasoo .
jauan pai siy ram ban jahian . avadh tumhar kaju kachhu nahian॥[1]
- sumitra ne sadaiv apane putr ko vivekapoorn kary karane ko prerit kiya . rag, dvesh, eershya, mad se door rahane ka acharan sikhaya aur man-vachan-karm se apane bhaee ki seva mean lin rahane ka upadesh diya, yatha-
ragu roshu irisha madu mohoo . jani sapanehuan inh ke bas hohoo ..
sakal prakar vikar bihaee . man kram vachan karehu sevakaee॥[2]
is prakar sumitra itihas ki punaravritti nahian, balki navin chetana se susampann nari hai. vah ek adarsh maan ke roop mean ram-lakshman ko karaniy ke lie prerit karati hai .
ram vanavas ke samay
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pita se vanavas ki ajna pakar shri ram ne mata kaushalya se to ajna li, kintu sumitra ke samip ve svayan nahian gaye. vahaan unhoanne keval lakshman ko bhej diya. mata-kaushalya shri ram ko rokakar kaikeyi ka virodh nahian kar sakati thian, kiantu sumitra ji ke sambandh mean yah bat nahian thi. yadi nyay ka paksh lekar ve a d jatian to unaka virodh karane ka sahas kisi mean nahian tha. lakshman dvara shri ram ke sath van jane ke liye ajna maangane par mata sumitra ji ne jo upadesh diya hai, vah unake vishal hriday ka sundar parichay hai-
tat tumhari matu baidehi. pita ramu sab bhaanti sanehi॥
avadh tahaan jahan ram nivasoo. tahanian divasu jahan bhanu prakasoo॥
jauan pai siy ramu ban jahian. avadh tumhara kaju kachhu nahian॥
putravati jubati jag soee. raghupati bhagatu jasu sutu hoee॥
sakal sukrit kar b d phalu ehoo. ram siy pad sahaj sanehoo॥
tumh kahuan ban sab bhaanti supasoo. sang pitu matu ramu siy jasoo॥
jehian n ramu ban lahahian kalesoo. sut soee karehu ihi upadesoo॥
is prakar mata sumitra ne lakshman ko jivan ke sarvottam upadesh ke sath apana ashirvad bhi diya. mata sumitra ka hi vah adarsh hriday tha ki pranadhik putr ko unhoanne kah diya ki 'lakshman! tum shri ram ko dasharath, sita ko mujhe tatha van ko ayodhya janakar sukhapoorvak shriram ke sath van jao.'
charitrik visheshataean
- sumitra lakshman ki mata ke roop mean prasiddh hote hue bhi ram-katha ki pray: mook patr haian. unake charitr ka katha-vikas mean vishesh mahattv nahian hai aur n usamean charitrik jatilataoan ki koee sambhavanaean haian. yahi karan hai ki ram-katha sambandhi anek prakaranoan mean unaka namollekh tak nahian milata. lakshman aur shatrughn ki mata ke roop mean sumitra ki prasiddhi ke atirikt ram van-gaman ke avasar par apane putr ko saharsh bhej dena unaki charitrik udarata ka praman hai.
- valmiki ne kaha hai ki ve kaushalya aur kaikeyi donoan ko priy thian. yadyapi unhean apane pati dasharath ki upekshaoan evan tiraskaroan ke maun sanketoan ka samana karana p da hai phir bhi ve ant tak unaki shubhechchhu bani rahian.
- valmiki ke uparaant sumitra ke charitr mean ram-katha ke kaviyoan ne koee ullekhaniy vikas nahian dikhaya.
- 'ramacharitamanas' mean unake charitr mean paramparagat saudary ke atirikt kuchh any visheshataoan ka bhi kathan kiya gaya hai, yadyapi manasakar bhi unhean adhik mukhar patr nahian bana sake. manasakar lakshman ke pravas ki anumati maangane par unake putr-prem ke sath unake sahas ka bhi parichay deta hai. yahi nahian, ram-katha ke any anukool patroan ki bhaanti tulasidas ki sumitra bhi ram ki bhakt haian.
- van-gaman ke avasar par ve lakshman ko ram ki seva-bhakti ka jo upadesh deti haian, usase unake adhyatmik-chintan ka bhi praman milata haian.
- vastut: sumitra ke charitr ke bahane tulasidas ne dikhaya hai ki manushy jivan ki sarthakata ram-bhakti mean hi hai tatha jis mata ne ram-bhakt putr paida n kiya, usaka jivan pashu-tuly hai. isilie apane putr ko ram ke sath van bhejane mean ve garv ka anubhav karati haian.
- 'manas' ki apeksha 'gitavali' mean sumitra ke charitr mean matrisulabh vatsaly ki abhivyanjana adhik huee hai.
- vishvamitr ke sath van jane ke avasar par ve ram-lakshman ke kushalakshem ke lie atyant chintit hoti haian. doosari or jab unhean lakshman ke shakti lagane ka samachar milata hai, tab ve shatrughn ko ran-kshetr mean jane ko protsahit karate hue ek viramata ke darp aur gaurav ko prakat karati haian.
- adhunik yug mean maithilisharan gupt ne saket mean sumitra ke charitr mean isi darp ka chitran karate hue unhean lakshman aur shatrughn ki mata ke sachche roop mean prastut kiya hai. parantu saketakar unake charitrik vikas ki un sambhavanaoan ka nirdesh nahian kar saka hai, jinhean usane kaikeyi ke charitr mean dikhaya hai, isi karan kuchh alochakoan ko usaki urmila vishayak kalpana mean aparipakvata ke darshan hote haian.
- balkrishna sharma 'navin' ne 'urmila' namak khandakavy mean sumitra ke charitr-chitran ki or yathesht dhyan nahian diya.
gauravamayi hriday
mata sumitra ke gauravamay hriday ka parichay vahaan milata hai, jab lakshman ranabhoomi mean ahat hokar moorchhit p de the. yah samachar janakar mata sumitra ki dasha vichitr ho gayi. unhoanne kaha-'lakshman! mera putr! shri ram ke liye yuddh mean l data hua gira. maian dhany ho gayi. lakshman ne mujhe putravati hone ka sachcha gaurav pradan kiya.' maharshi vasishth ne n roka hota to sumitra ji ne apane chhote putr shatrughn ko bhi lanka jane ki ajna de di thi- tat jahu kapi sang. aur shatrughn bhi jane ke liye taiyar ho gaye the. lakshman ko ajna dete hue mata sumitra ne kaha tha- ram siy seva suchi hvai hau, tab janihauan sahi sut mere. is seva ki agni mean tap kar lakshman jab laute tabhi unhoanne unako hriday se lagaya. sumitra-jaisa tyag ka anupam adarsh aur kahian milana asambhav hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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