सोवियत संघ

thumb|250px|soviyat sangh ka dhvaj soviyat sangh (aangrezi: Soviet Union), jisaka aupacharik nam 'soviyat samajavadi ganatantroan ka sangh' tha, yah yooreshiya ke ek b de bhoo-bhag par vistrit desh tha, jo 1922 se 1991 tak astitv mean raha. yah apani sthapana se 1990 tak samyavadi parti dvara shasit tha. sanvaidhanik roop se soviyat sangh 15 svashasit ganatantroan ka sangh tha, lekin vastav mean poore desh ke prashasan aur arthavyavastha par kendriy sarakar ka k da niyantran tha. 'roosi soviyat sanghiy samajavadi ganatantr' is desh ka sabase b da ganatantr aur rajanaitik, saanskritik aur arthik keandr tha. isalie poore desh ka gahara roosikaran hua. yahi karan tha ki videsh mean bhi soviyat sangh ko aksar galati se 'roos' bula diya jata tha.

sthapana

soviyat sangh ki sthapana ki prakriya 1917 ki roosi kranti ke sath shuroo huee, jisamean roosi samrajy ke 'zar' arthat 'samrat' ko satta se hata diya gaya. vladimir lenin ke netritv mean bolshevik parti ne satta par qabza kar liya; lekin shighr hi vah bolshevik-virodhi shvet morche ke sath grihayuddh mean phans gee. bolshevikoan ki lal sena ne grih yuddh ke dauran aise bhi kee rajyoan par qabza kar liya, jinhonean tsar ke patan ka fayada uthakar roos se svatantrata ghoshit kar di thi. disambar, 1922 mean bolshevikoan ki poorn jit huee aur unhoanne roos, yukren, belaroos aur k aaukas kshetr ko milakar soviyat sangh ki sthapana ka ailan kar diya.

tithivar ghatanakram

roos ke soviyat sangh banane se lekar tootane tak ka qarib 75 sal ka safar uthal-puthal se bharapoor raha. ek-ek din ek b di ghatana jaisa bita. kuchh din itihas mean nimn prakar darj haian-

1. aprail, 1917 - lenin aur any kraantikari jarmani se roos laute.
2. aktoobar, 1917 - bolshevikoan ne aleksaandr kereanski ki satta ko palata aur m aausko par adhikar kar liya
3. 1918-20 - bolshevikoan aur virodhiyoan mean grih yuddh prarambh hua.
4. 1920 - polaiand se yuddh.
5. 1921 - polaiand se shaanti sandhi, nee arthik niti, baajar arthavyavastha ki vapasi, sthirata ka mahaul.
6. 1922 - roos, belaroos aur traansak aaukeshas (1936 se j aaurjiya, armeniya, ajarabejan) ilakoan ka milan. soviyat sangh ki sthapana.
7. 1922 - jarmani ne soviyat sangh ko manyata di.
8. 1924 - soviyat sangh mean prolitairiet tanashahi ke tahat naya sanvidhan lagoo. lenin ki maut. joseph stalin ne satta sanbhali.
9. 1933 - amerika ne soviyat sangh ko manyata di.
10. 1934 - soviyat sangh lig aauf neshans mean shamil hua.
11. agast, 1939 - doosare vishvayuddh ki shuruat.
12. joon, 1941 - jarmani ne soviyat sangh par hamala kiya
13. 1943 - stalinagrad ki l daee mean jarmani ki har.
14. 1945 - soviyat sainikoan ne barlin par kabja kiya. yalta aur potsadaim sammelanoan ke jarie jarmani ka bantavara. japan ke atmasamarpan ke sath doosare vishvayuddh ki samapti.
15. 1948-49 - barlin nakebandi. pashchimi senaoan aur soviyat senaoan mean tanatani.
16. 1949 - soviyat sangh ne paramanu bam banaya. chin ki kamyunist sarakar ko manyata di.
17. 1950-53 - koriyaee yuddh. soviyat sangh aur pashchim ke sanbandhoan mean tanav.
18. march, 1953 - stalin ka nidhan. nikita khrushchev kamyunist parti ki keandriy samiti ke pratham sachiv bane.
19. 1953 - soviyat sangh ne apana pahala haidrojan bam banaya.
20. 1955 - varas aau ki sandhi.
21. 1956 - soviyat sena ne hangari ke vidroh ko kuchalane mean madad ki.
22. 1957 - pahala aantariksh yan spootanik dharati ki kaksha mean pahuancha. chin ki pashchim se badhati najadikiyoan ne donoan kamyunist deshoan mean dooriyaan paida kian.
23. 1960 - soviyat sangh ne amerika ka jasoosi jahaZ yoo2 giraya.
24. 1961 - yoori gagarin aantariksh mean jane vale pahale iansan bane.
25. 1962 - kyooba mean soviyat misail pahuanchi.
26. 1963 - soviyat sangh ne amerika aur briten ke sath paramanu sandhi ki| amerika aur soviyat sangh mean h aaut lain sthapit.
27. 1964 - khrushchev ki jagah liyonid brejanev ne sanbhali.
28. 1969 - soviyat aur chini senaoan ka sima par vivad.
29. 1977 - ne sanvidhan ke tahat brejanev rashtrapati chune ge.
30. 1982 - brejanev ka nidhan, kejibi pramukh yoori aandropov ne sanbhali kursi.
31. 1982]] - aandropov ka nidhan, konsataantin cheraneanko ne sanbhali satta.
32. 1985 - mikhail gorbachev kamyoonist parti ke mahasachiv bane, khulepan aur punarnirman ki niti ki shuruat ki.
33. 1986 - cheranobil paramanu hadasa, ukren aur belaroos ke b de ilake prabhavit.
34. 1987 - soviyat sangh aur amerika mean madhyam doori ki paramanu misailoan ko nasht karane par samajhauta.
35. 1988 - gorbachev rashtrapati bane, kamyunist parti ke sammelan mean niji kshetr ke lie daravaje kholane par sahamati.
36. 1989 - soviyat senaean afaganistan se lautian.
37. 1990 - kamyunist parti mean ek parti ki satta khatm karane par matadan, yeltasin ne soviyat kamyunist parti chho di.
38. agast, 1991 - rakshamantri dimitri yajov, uparashtrapati genadi yanayev aur kejibi pramukh ne rashtrapati gorbachev ko hirasat mean liya| tin din bad ye sabhi giraphtar.
39. yeltasin ne soviyat roos kamyunist parti par pratibandh lagaya| ukren ko svatantr rashtr ke roop mean manyata di, usake bad kee any deshoan ne khud ko svatantr ghoshit kiya.
40. sitanbar, 1991 - kaangres aauf pipals dipyootij ne soviyat sangh ke vighatan ke lie vot dala.
41. 8 disanbar, 1991 - roos, ukren aur belaroos ke netaoan ne k aaumanavelth aauf iandipeandeant stet banaya.
42. 25 disanbar, 1991 - gorbachev ne pad se istipha diya. amerika ne svatantr soviyat rashtroan ko manyata di.
43. 26 disanbar, 1991 - roosi sarakar ne soviyat sangh ke daphtaroan ko sanbhala.

panne ki pragati avastha

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madhyamik

poornata

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