स्वयंभू देव

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svayanbhoo dev (athavian shatabdi) avivad roop se apabhransh ke sarvashreth kavi mane gaye haian. unaki mahatta ko svikar karate hue apabhransh ke hi paravarti kavi pushpadant ne unhean vyas, bhas, kalidas, bharavi, ban adi pramukh kaviyoan ki shreni mean virajaman kar diya hai. bharatiy sanskriti ke jane mane samikshak rahul saankrityayan ne apabhransh bhasha ke kavyoan ko adikalin hindi kavy ke aantargat sthan dete hue kaha hai - 'hamare isi yug mean nahian, hindi kavita ke paanchoan yugoan ke jitane kaviyoan ko hamane yahaan sangrahit kiya hai, yah ni:sankoch kaha ja sakata hai ki unamean svayanbhoo sabase b de kavi the. vastut: ve bharat ke ek darjan amar kaviyoan mean se ek the.'

parichay

svayanbhoo dev ke pita ka nam 'marutidev' aur mata ka nam 'padmini' tha. marutidev bhi kavi the. apane pita ka sanket karate hue ^[1] ve svayanbhoo - vyakaran mean unaka ek doha udaharan ke roop mean dete haian.^[2]svayanbhoo dev svayan apabhransh ke chhand shastr aur vyakaran shastr ke achary the. ve apane acharoan mean bhikshu ya muni nahian the, ve ek shreshth upasak the. 'pum chariu' sandhi (sarg) 42 aur 20 ke padoan mean unaki do patniyoan ka ullekh milata hai. pratham ka nam 'aichchanba' (adityamba) aur doosari ka nam 'samiaanbba' tha. sambhavat: unaki aur bhi patniyaan rahi hoan. in patniyoan se unake anek putr hue jinamean sabase chhote ka nam 'tribhuvan svayanbhoo' tha. ye tribhuvan svayanbhoo bhi kavi the. is prakar is kul mean kavy ki parampara ka vishesh man tha. tribhuvan kavi hone ke sath hi b de vidvan aur vaiyakaran the. inhoanne apane pita svayanbhoo dev ki rachanaoan ki saphalata ke sath poorti ki. yadyapi yah poorti pita ke adhoore granthoan ki nahian thi tathapi jahaan kahian prasang spasht nahian hue, vahaan unaki spashtata ke lie tribhuvan ne anek 'k davakoan' aur 'sandhiyoan' ki rachanaean ki.^[3]

upadhiyaan

svayanbhoo dev 'mahakavi', 'kaviraj', 'kaviraj-chakravarti' adi anek upadhiyoan se sammanit the.

rachanaean

svayanbhoo ne apabhransh mean 'pumacharit' likhakar jahaan ramkatha parampara ko samriddh banaya hai, vahian 'ritthanemichariu' prabandh kavy likhakar krishnakavy ki parampara ko age badhaya hai. doosare shabdoan mean ham kah sakate haian ki prabandhakavy ke kshetr mean svayanbhoo apabhransh ke adi kavi haian. vah apabhransh ke ramakathatmak kavy ke yadi 'valmiki' haian to krishna kavy ke vyas haian. apabhransh ka koee bhi paravarti kavi aisa nahian hai jo svayanbhoo se prabhavit n hua ho. svayanbhoo dev ne char granthoan ki rachana ki hai -

pum chariu - (padm charitr - jain ramayan)
ritthanemi chariu - (arishtanemi charitr - harivansh puran)
panchami chariu - (nagakumar charit)
svayanbhoo chhand

samay

hindi ke jain kaviyoan mean sabase pahala nam svayanbhoo dev ka ata hai. ye apabhransh bhasha ke mahakavi the. kiantu inhoanne apana granth 'pum chariu' (padm charitr - jain ramayan) mean aisi apabhransh bhasha ka prayog kiya hai jisamean prachin hindi ka roop iangit hai. inaka samay vikram ki athavian shatabdi jnat hota hai. isaka karan yah hai ki inhoanne apane granth 'pum chariu' aur 'ritthinemi chariu' mean apane poorvavarti kaviyoan aur unaki rachanaoan ka ullekh kiya hai. in kaviyoan mean ek 'ravishenachary' haian. ravishen ke 'padm charit' ka lekhan kal vikram samvat 734 hai. at: svayanbhoo dev ka samay samvat 734 ke bad hai. sarvapratham svayanbhoo dev ka ullekh mahakavi 'pushpadant' ne kiya hai. ^[4] mahakavi pushpadant ne apane mahapuran ka prarambh san. 1016 mean kiya. at: svayanbhoo dev ka samay san. 734 se 1016 ke bich thaharata hai. lagabhag 300 varshoan ki lambi avadhi mean thik samvat khojana kathin hai. shri nathooram 'premi' is avadhi mean svayanbhoo dev ka kal samvat 734 se 840 ke bich manate haian. rahul saankrityayan san. 847 ke lagabhag anuman karate haian. is sambandh mean paryapt aitihasik samragi prapt nahian hai. abhi hamean isi se santosh karana chahie ki svayanbhoo dev vikram ki athavian shatabdi mean hue. svayanbhoo ne apani rachanaoan mean apane pradesh ya janmasthan ka spasht ullekh nahian kiya hai.

sv. d aau. hiralal jain ka mat tha ki 'harivanshapuran ke karta jinasen tatha adipuran ke karta jinasen ki tarah kavi svayanbhoo bhi dakshin pradesh ke nivasi rahe hoange kyoanki unhoanne apane kavyoan mean dhananjay, dhavaliya aur vandiya adi jin ashrayadataoan ka ullekh kiya hai ve nam se dakshinaty pratit hote haian.'
sv. pan. nathooram premi ka vichar tha ki 'svayanbhoo kavi pushpadant ki tarah hi barar ki taraph ke rahe hoange aur vahaan se ve rashtrakoot ki rajadhani mean pahuanche hoange.'
svayanbhoo ki kritiyoan mean aise aantarang sakshy milate haian jisase unhean maharashtr ya godavari ke nikat ke kisi pradesh ka mana ja sakata hai.

kala saushthav

svayanbhoo dev bahut achchhe kavi the. unhoanne jivan ki vividh dashaoan ka b da hridayakarshak varnan kiya hai. 'pum chariu' mean ve vilap aur yuddh likhane mean vishesh patu haian. unhoanne nari vilap, bandhu vilap, dasharath vilap, ram vilap, bharat vilap, ravan vilap, vibhishan vilap adi b de sundar dhang se likhe haian. yuddh mean ve yoddhaoan ki umangean, ran yatra, meghavahan yuddh, hanuman yuddh, kumbhakarn yuddh, lakshman yuddh b de viratv poorn dhang spasht karate haian. prem virah git, prakriti varnan, nagar varnan aur vastu varnan bhi ve b de vistar aur svabhavik dhang se likhate haian.

ravan ki mrityu par mandodari vilap (karun ras)

aehian soariyahi, attharah hiv juvah sahasehian.
nav ghan mala danbarehi, chhaiu vijju jem chupasehian॥
rovi lankapur paramesir. ha ravan! tihuyan jan kesari॥
pi vinu samar turu kahoan vajji. pi vinu balakil kaho chhajji॥
pi vinu navagah ekkikaranu. ko parihesi kanthaharanu॥
pivinu ko vijja arahi. pi vinu chandrahasu ko sahi॥
ko gandhavv vapi adohi. kannahoan chhavi sahasu sankhohi॥
pan vinu ko kuver bhanjesi. tijag vihusanu kahoan vasean hosi॥
pan vinu ko jamu vinavaresee. ko kilasu ddharan karesee॥
sahas kiranu nal kubvar sakkahu. ko ari hosi sasi varunakkahu॥
ko nihan rayani palesi. ko vahuroovini vijjaan lesi॥
ghatta - samiy pian bhavien vinu, puphph vimapoan chadavi gurubhattiean.
meru siharean jin mandirian, ko mi nesi vandan hattie.

hanuman ka yuddh varnan - (viraras)

hanuvant rane parivedijji nisiyarehian. nan gayan yale bal divayaru jalaharehian.
par - valu anantu hanuvant ekku. gay joohahoan nai iandu thakku॥
arokki kokki samuhu dhai. jahi jahi jethatt tahi tahi jean thai.
gay - ghad bhad thad bhanjuantu jai. vansatthalean laggu davaggi nai॥
ekkoo rahu mahaanhavean ras visattu . paribhami naian valean bhiy vatt.
so navi bhadu jasu n maliu manu. so n dhayu jamu n lagnu vanu.
so navi bhadu jasu jha chhishgu gattu. tan navi vimanu jahi saru n pattu॥
ghatta - jagadantu balu marui hiandi jahian jean jahian.
sangam mahihean ruand nirantar tahi je tahian॥

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ taha y maur devass. 4-9
↑ laddhu mitt bhamanten ranaarachaden. so sijjante sijji vi tah bhari bharanten॥4-9॥
↑ ek k dvak = ath yamak, ek yamak = do pad, sandhi = sarg.
↑ chumuhu sayanbhu siriharisu don. naloiu ki eesanu banu. 1-5॥ (mainean chaturmukh, svayanbhoo shriharsh, dron, kavi eeshan aur ban ka avalokan nahian kiy.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] taha y maur devass. 4-9

[2] u mitt bhamanten ranaarachaden. so sijjante sijji vi tah bhari bharanten॥4-9॥

[3] vak = ath yamak, ek yamak = do pad, sandhi = sarg.

[4] umuhu sayanbhu siriharisu don. naloiu ki eesanu banu. 1-5॥ (mainean chaturmukh, svayanbhoo shriharsh, dron, kavi eeshan aur ban ka avalokan nahian kiy.

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