हस्तिनापुर
hastinapur uttar pradesh mean merath ke nikat sthit maharaj hasti ka basaya hua ek prachin nagar, jo kauravoan aur paandavoan ki rajadhani thi. isaka mahabharat mean varnit anek ghatanaoan se sanbandh hai. mahabharat se ju di sari ghatanaean hastinapur mean hi huee thian. abhi bhi yahaan mahabharat kal se ju de kuchh avashesh maujood haian. inamean kauravoan-paandavoan ke mahaloan aur mandiroan ke avashesh pramukh haian. isake alava hastinapur ko chakravarti samrat bharat ki bhi rajadhani mana jata hai. yahaan sthit 'paandeshvar mahadev mandir' ki kafi manyata hai. kaha jata hai yah vahi mandir hai, jahaan paandavoan ki rani draupadi pooja ke lie jaya karati thi. pauranik kal mean hastinapur ke raja ka nam adhisim krishna tha.
sthiti tatha sthapana
merath se 22 mil uttar-poorv mean ganga ki prachin dhara ke kinare hastinapur basa hua hai. hastinapur mahabharat ke samay mean kauravoan ki vaibhavashali rajadhani ke roop mean bharat bhar mean prasiddh tha. prachin nagar ganga tat par sthit tha, kintu ab nadi yahaan se kee mil door hat gee hai. ganga ki purani dhara jise 'boodhi ganga' kahate haian, yahaan ke prachin tiloan ke samip bahati hai. pauranik kianvadanti ke anusar nagar ki sthapana puruvanshi vrihatkshatr ke putr hastinh ne ki thi aur usi ke nam par yah nagar hastinapur kahalaya. hastinh ke pashchath ajamidh, daksh, sanvaran aur kuru kramanusar hastinapur mean rajy karate rahe. kuru ke vansh mean hi shaantanu aur unake pautr paandu tatha dhritarashtr hue, jinake putr pandav aur kaurav kahalae.[1]
itihas
mahabharatakalin mahanagaroan ki shreni mean hastinapur bhi ata tha. isaki sthapana 'hastinh' namak vyakti dvara ki gee thi. isiliye ise 'hastinapur' kaha jata tha. hastinapur mean yudhishthir jue mean draupadi sahit apana sab kuchh har ge the. paandavoan ki or se shaantidoot banakar shrikrishna yahian dhritarashtr ki sabha mean ae the. apane pita shaantanu ki satyavati se vivah karane ki ichchha poori karane ke lie bhishm pitamah ne apana uttaradhikar chho dane aur ajivan avivahit rahane ka pran yahian par kiya tha. draupadi se vivah ke bad kuchh samay ke lie paandavoan ne dilli ke nikat iandraprasth ko apani rajadhani banaya tha, kiantu mahabharat yuddh ke bad unhoanne hastinapur ko hi rajadhani rakha.
vishal nagar
mahabharat ke yuddh ke samay hastinapur b da vishal nagar tha. mahabharat adiparv mean isaka varnan is prakar hai-
'nagaran hastinapuran shanaiah pravivishustada. paandavanagataannchhrutva tva nagarastu kutoohalath, mandayaanchakiretatr nagaran nagasahvayam. muktapushpavakirn tajjalasiktan tu sarvash:, ghooshitan divyaghoopen mandanaishchapi sanvritamh. patakochhritamalyaman ch puramapratimanbabhau, shanbabherininadaishchanagavaditrani:svanai:. kautoohalen nagaran dipyamanamivabhavat, tatr te purushavyaghra: du:khashokavinashana:.'[2]
mahabharatakalin hastinapur
mahabharat mean is nagar ka khula varnan milata hai. isake anusar vibhinn shastroan dvara surakshit hone ke karan is pur ke bhitar shatruoan ka pravesh dushkar tha. nagar ke parakote mean bane gopur (daravaze) ooanche the. nagar ka bhitari bhag rajamargoan dvara vibhakt tha. s dakoan ke donoan kinaroan par mahal aur bazar sushobhit the. rajamahal nagar ke bich mean sthit tha. isamean anek sarovar aur udyan the. nagarik dharmanirat, homaparayan, yajnadi mean shraddha rakhane vale, varnashram-vyavastha ke poshak aur dhan-dhany se sampann the. soot-magadh aur bandi apane-apane karm mean nirat the. inake dvara nagar ki shobha itani badh gee thi ki vah indralok ke saman sundar lagata tha.
kaha jata hai ki mahabharat ke samay hastinapur rajy ki uttari sima 'shukkaratal' (muzaffaranagar zila), dakshini sima 'pushpavati'[3] aur pashchimi sima 'varanavat[4] tak thi. poorv ki or ganga pravahit hoti thi. gadhamukteshvar shayad yahaan ka ek upanagar tha aur merath ya 'mayarashtr' bhi isaki parisima ke bhitar sthit tha.[5] merath se 15 mil uttar-poorv mean sthit 'mavana' (muhana) namak gram ko hastinapur ka pramukh dvar kaha jata hai.[6] mahabharat adiparv[7] mean hastinapur ke vardhaman namak puradvar ka ullekh hai. paandu ki mrityu ke pashchath shatashrang se hastinapur ate samay kuanti apane putroan sahit isi dvar se rajadhani mean pravisht hueean thi[1]-
'satvadirghen kalen samprapta: kurujaangalamh, vardhamanapuradvaramasasad yash-svini.'
puran ullekh
puranoan mean kaha gaya hai ki jab ganga ki badh ke karan yah pur vinasht ho gaya, us samay pandav hastinapur ko chho dakar kaushambi chale aye the. yah ghatana jhoothi nahian mani ja sakati. hastinapur aur kaushambi mean jo khudaiyaan hal mean huee haian, unase isaki pushti ho chuki hai. ab vidvan is bat ko manane lage haian ki ganga ki badh ne hastinapur ko sachamuch hi kisi samay baha diya tha. kaushambi ke kuchh prachin bartan banavat mean hastinapur ke bartanoan ke tuly haian. isase pramanit hota hai ki ganga ki badh ke karan pandav hastinapur ko chho dakar kaushambi mean bas gaye the. hastinapur ki adhunik khudaiyoan ne vahaan ki prachin kala aur sanskriti par prakash dala hai. vahaan ke nagarik apane bartanoan par bhoore rang ki palish chadhate the. yah pratha mathura, indraprasth tatha mahabharatakalin any nagaroan mean bhi prachalit thi. isase siddh hota hai ki unaka samajik jivan ekaki nahian tha. ve ek-doosare se koee bahut door bhi nahian the. jalamarg se ek-doosare se ve lage huye the, at:ein mahapuriyoan ke nivasiyoan ke bich saanskritik sambandh koee anahoni bat nahian mani ja sakati.
'vishnupuran se jnat hota hai ki balaram ne kauravoan par krodh karake unake nagar hastinapur ko apane hal ki noank se khianch kar ganga mean girana chaha tha, kiantu pichhe unhean kshama kar diya; kintu usake pashchath hastinapur ganga ki or kuchh jhuka hua-sa pratit hone laga tha-
'baladevastatogatva nagaran nagasahriyamh bahyopavanamadhyeabhoonnaviveshatatpuramh.'[8]
'adyapyaghoornitakaran lakshyate tatguran dvij, esh prabhavo ramasy balashauyolakshanah.'[9]
isase jan p data hai ki hastinapur ko ganga ki dhara ke bhay kauravoan ke samay mean hi utpann ho gaya tha. parikshit ke vanshaj 'nichakshu' ya 'nichaknu' ke samay mean to vastav mean hi ganga ne hastinapur ko baha diya aur use is nagar ko chho dakar vats desh ki prasiddh nagari kaushambi mean jakar basana p da tha-
'adhisimkrishnaannichaknuah yo gangaya pahte hastinapure kaushambayaan nivatsyati.'[10]
puratatvoan ki khojoan se bhi uparokt tathy ki pushti hoti hai. utkhanan se jnat hota hai ki hastinapur ki sarvaprachin basti 1000 ee. poorv se pahale ki avashy thi aur yah kee shatiyoan tak sthit rahi. doosari basti 90 ee. poo. ke lagabhag basaee gee thi, jo 300 ee. poo. ke lagabhag tak rahi. tisari basti 200 ee. poo. se lagabhag 200 ee. tak viddhaman thi aur antim 11vian se 14vian shati tak. is prakar hastinapur ka itihas kee bar bana aur big da.[1]
vibhinn nam
paravarti kal mean jain dharm ke tirth ke roop mean is nagar ki khyati bani rahi. prachin sanskrit sahity mean is nagar ke 'hastinapur'[11], 'gajapur', 'nagapur', 'nagasahvay', 'hastigram', 'asandivat' aur 'brahmasthal' adi nam milate haian. kaha jata hai ki hathiyoan ke bahutayat ke karan is pradesh ka pratham nam 'gajapur' tha, pichhe raja hastin ke nam par yah hastinapur kahalaya aur mahabharat ke yuddh ke pashchath yah nag jati ka pramukh hone se 'nagapur' ya 'nagasahvay' kahalaya. ye sab paryayavachi nam haian. 'asandivath' ka bauddh sahity[12] mean ullekh hai. sanbhav hai 'vishnupuran' ke urpayukt ullekh ke anusar ganga ki or jhuke hone ke karan hi yah nam p da ho.[13] is ullekh mean ise 'kurutth'[14] ki rajadhani bataya gaya hai. 'vasudev hiandi' namak granth mean 'brahmasthal' nam bhi milata hai. yah jain granth hai.
kalidas ka ullekh
kalidas ne 'abhijnan shakuantalamh' mean dushyant ki rajadhani hastinapur ka ullekh kiya hai. dushyant se 'gangharv vivah' hone ke pashchath shakuantala rrishi kumaroan ke sath kanvashram se dushyant ki rajadhani hastinapur gee thi-
'anusooye tvarasv, svarasv, etekhalu hastinapuragaminah rrishayah shabdayyante.'[15]
hastinapur ke poorv ki or ganga ke par us samay vistrit ghana van pradesh tha, jahaan dushyant akhet ke lie gaya tha aur jahaan malini ke tat par kanvashram mean usaki bheant shakuantala se huee thi. yah van gadhaval[16] ki taraee kshetr mean sthit tha tatha isaka vistar bijanaur tatha gadhaval ke ilake mean tha. vartaman hastinapur namak gram mean, jo isi nam se aj tak prasiddh hai, prachin nagar ke khandahar, ooanche-niche tiloan ki shrriankhalaoan ke roop mean door-door tak phaile haian. mukhy tila 'bidur ka tila' ya 'ulatakhe da' kahalata hai. isaki khudaee se anek prachin avashesh prakash mean aye haian.
jain tirth
jain samuday ke bich hastinapur ko ek pramukh tirth mana jata hai. hastinapur jain dharmavalanbiyoan ka bhi prasiddh tirth hai. yahaan jain dharm ke kee tirthankaroan ka janm hua tha. yahi vajah hai ki yahaan kafi sankhya mean jain mandir maujood haian. yahian par raja shreyaans ne aditirthakar rrishabhadev ko ganne ke ras ka dan diya tha. isalie isako 'danatirth' kahate haian. isaka sanbandh shaantinath, kunthunath aur aranath namak tirthakaroan se bhi hai. yahaan bhagavan shantinath, kunthunath, arahanath ke char-char kalyanak hue haian. yahaan anek jain dharmashalaean aur mandir haian. khudaee mean yahaan anek prachin khandahar mile haian. inamean qarib 200 sal purana b da mandir, janboodvip, kailash parvat, ashtapad ji, kamal mandir aur dhyan mandir mukhy haian. prachin b da mandir mean hastinapur ki nahar ki khudaee ke dauran prapt huee jin pratimaoan ko dekha ja sakata hai. in mandiroan ko kafi suandar aur kalatmak tariqe se banaya gaya hai.
jain granth 'vividhatirthakalp' ke anusar maharaj rrishabhadev ne apane sambandhi kuru ko kurookshetr ka rajy de diya tha. inhian kuru ke putr hasti ne hastinapur ko bhagirathi ke kinare basaya tha. hastinapur mean shanti, kuandhu aur aranadh tirthankaroan ka janm hua tha. ye kramashah 16vean, 17vean aur 18vean tirthankar the. 5vean, 6vean aur 7vean tirthankaroan ne yahaan kaivaly jnan prapt kiya tha. hastinapur naresh bahubali ke pautr shreyaansh ke nivas sthan par rrishabhadev ne pratham upavas ka paran kiya tha. vishrag kumar namak jain sadhu jinhoanne namuchi namak daity ko vash mean kiya tha, hastinapur hi ke nivasi the. inake atirikt sanatkumar, mahapadm, subhoobh aur parashuram ka janm bhi hastinapur mean hua tha. yahaan char chaityoan ka nirman kiya gaya tha.[1]
tridharm sthal
hastinapur pahala aisa tirth sthan hai, jo hindoo aur jainoan ke sath sikkhoan ka bhi pavitr tirth hai. hastinapur ke pas hi sthit 'saiphapur' sikkh dharm ke panch pyaroan mean se ek bhaee dharmadas ki janmasthali hai. desh bhar ke shraddhalu yahaan sthit pavitr sarovar mean dubaki lagane ke lie ate rahate haian.
mele
hastinapur mean sal mean kee chhote-b de mele lagate haian. inamean akshay tritiya, holi aur 2 aktoobar ka mela pramukh hai. akshay tritiya ko desh bhar se shraddhalu yahaan bhagavan ko ganne ke ras ka ahar karane ke lie ate haian. yadi kisi ko holi ke rang pasand nahian ate, to hastinapur unake lie inase bachane ki ek behatarin jagah sabit ho sakata hai. dulhaiandi vale din yahaan lagane vale mele mean desh bhar se holi nahian khelane vale log ate haian. sath hi 2 aktoobar ko lagane vale mele mean bhi kafi bhi d um dati hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: rajasthan hindi granth akadami, jayapur |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 1014 |
- ↑ mahabharat, adiparv 206, 14-dakshinaty path, 15
- ↑ pooth, bulandashahar zila)
- ↑ =baranava, merath zila
- ↑ di manumeantal eantivivatij end iansakripshans aauv en dablyoo praviansej, 1891
- ↑ hastinapur, shiksha vibhag, uttar pradesh, pri. 2
- ↑ mahabharat adiparv 125,9
- ↑ vishnupuran 5,35,8
- ↑ vishnupuran 5,35,37
- ↑ vishnupuran 21,7-78; parjitar-dayanestaji aauv di kali ej, pri. 5
- ↑ panini 4, 2, 101
- ↑ avadan, 2 pri. 359
- ↑ asandi = kursi
- ↑ kururashtr
- ↑ aank 4
- ↑ pahale uttar pradesh ka bhag
sanbandhit lekh
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