हुमायूँ का मक़बरा

	humayooan ka maqabara
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vivaran	humayooan ka maqabara nee dilli ke dinapanah arthat purane qile ke nikat sant nizamuddin auliya ki daragah ke pas mathura marg ke nikat yamuna nadi ke kinare sthit hai. humayooan ka maqabara mugal sthapaty kala ya mugal vastukala se sambandhit hai.
kendr shasit pradesh	rashtriy rajadhani kshetr dilli
nirman kal	1565-1572
bhaugolik sthiti	uttar- 28°36′36, poorv- 77°13′48
prasiddhi	yoonesko ki vishv virasat ki soochi mean shamil humayooan ka maqabara bharat ka ek pramukh paryatan sthal hai.
havaee adda	iandira gaandhi aantarrashtriy havaee adda
relave steshan	purani dilli, nee dilli, hazarat nizamuddin
yatayat	saeekil riksha, aauto riksha, taiksi, lokal rel, metro rel, bas
kahaan thaharean	hotal, dharmashala, atithi grah
es.ti.di. kod	011
savadhani	lavaris vastuoan ko na chhuean, shit rritu mean kohare se aur grishm rritu mean loo se bachav karean.
chitr:Map-icon.gif	googal manachitr, iandira gaandhi aantarrashtriy havaee adda
sanbandhit lekh	lal qila, indiya get, jama masjid, rashtrapati bhavan . ;
adyatan‎	12:38, 14 julaee 2011 (IST)

A checked version of this page, approved on 26 April 2018, was based on this revision.

humayooan ka maqabara nee dilli ke 'dinapanah' arthat purane qile ke nikat sant nizamuddin auliya ki daragah ke pas mathura marg ke nikat yamuna nadi ke kinare sthit hai. humayooan ka maqabara mugal sthapaty kala ya mugal vastukala se sambandhit hai. humayooan ek mahanh mugal badashah tha jisaki mrityu sher mandal pustakalay ki sidhiyoan se gir kar huee thi. humayooan ka maqabara unaki patni haji begam ne humayooan ki yad mean humayooan ki mrityu ke ath sal bad banavaya tha. gulam vansh ke samay mean yah bhoomi kilokari qile mean sthit thi, jo ki nasirooddin mahamood (shasan 1246-1266 ee.) ke putr sultan kekoobad ki rajadhani thi. yah samooh vishv dharohar ghoshit hai, evan bharat mean mugal vastukala ka pratham udaharan hai. is maqabare ki shaili vahi hai, jisane tajamahal ko janm diya.

1562 se 1572 ke bich bana yah maqabara dilli ke pramukh paryatak sthaloan mean se ek hai. vastukar mirak mirza giyat ki chhap saf dekhi ja sakati hai. yahaan bad mean mugaloan ke shahi parivar ke kee sadasyoan ko dafanaya gaya. is jagah par hamida begam (akabar ki maan), dara shikoh (shahajahaan ka beta) aur bahadur shah zafar dvitiy (aantim mugal shasak) ka maqabara bhi hai. yahi maqabara vishv vikhyat tajamahal ke nirman ki prerana bana. is maqabare ka prabhav tajamahal par bhi dekha ja sakata hai. yoonesh‍ko ne ise vishh‍v dharohar ka darja diya hai. is maqabare ki dekharekh bharatiy puratattv vibhag karata hai. yah pahali jagah hai jahaan maqabare ke sath-sath park bhi sthit haian. yahaan bharatiy parampara evan parasi shaili ki vastukala ka adabhut sangam dekhane ko milata hai.

nirman

is dharohar ka nirman 1565 se 1572 eesavi ke bich farasi vastuvidh mirak mirza giyat ke dijain par hua tha. tajamahal jaisi kalatmak najir pesh karane vala yah maqabara 12,000 varg mitar ke chabootare par bana hai jisaki uanchaee 47 mitar hai. hamayooan maqabare ke kendriy kaksh ki aantarik sajja badhiya kalinoan v galichoan se paripoorn hai. maqabare mean qabroan ke oopar ek shuddh shvet shamiyana laga hota tha aur unake samane hi pavitr granth rakhe rahate the. inake sath hi humayooan ki pag di, talavar aur joote bhi rakhe rahate the. [[chitr:Humayun-Tomb-Delhi-11.jpg|thumb|250px|left|humayooan ka maqabara, dilli
Humayun's Tomb, Delhi]]

mrity ke uparaant

humayooan ko usaki mrityu ke bad dilli mean hi dafanaya gaya, aur isake bad mean humayooan ko 1558 mean khanjarabeg dvara panjab ke sarahiand le jaya gaya. kalaantar mean 1571 mean mugal samrat akabar ne apane pita ki samadhi ke darshan kiye the. 1562 mean humayooan ki mrityu ke 9 varsh bad humayooan ke maqabare ka nirman usaki patni hamida bano begam ke adesh ke anusar hua tha. us samay is imarat ki lagat 15 lakh rupaye ayi thi.

maqabare ke nirman ka sthan

humayooan ke maqabare ke nirman ke lie yamuna nadi ke kinare ke sthan ka chunav kiya gaya. is sthan ka chunav maqabare ke nikat sthit hajarat nijamuddin ki daragah se nikatata ke karan kiya gaya tha. dilli ke prasiddh soophi sant hajarat nijamuddin ka tatkalin avas bhi maqabare ke sthan se uttar-poorv disha mean nikat hi chilla-nijamuddin auliya mean sthit tha.^[1]

farasi vastukala se prabhavit

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif is dharohar ka nirman 1565 se 1572 eesavi ke bich farasi vastuvidh mirak mirza giyat ke dijain par hua tha. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

vastukar

abdul qadir badayooanni nam ke ek samakalin itihasakar ke anusar is maqabare ka sthapaty farasi vastukar mirak mirza giyat ne kiya tha, jinhean is imarat ke liye afaganistan ke herat shahar se vishesh roop se bulavaya gaya tha. inhoanne bharat ki bhi kee imaratoan ki abhikalpana ki thi. ve is maqabare ke poora hone se pahale hi chal base, kiantu unake putr ne apane pita ka kary poorn kiya aur humayooan ka maqabara 1571 mean banakar poorn hua. yahaan sarvapratham lal balua patthar ka itane b de star par prayog hua tha. yunesko dvara 1993 mean is imarat samooh ko vishv dharohar sthal ghoshit kiya gaya.

prerana

hamayooan ke maqabare mean mugal sthapaty mean charabag shaili ke udyan pramukh aang the. isase poorv aise udyan bharat mean kabhi bhi nahian dikhe the aur isake bad anek imaratoan ka abhinn aang banate gaye. humayooan ka maqabara isake ke pita babar ke qabul sthit maqabare 'bag e babar' se bilkul alag tha. mugal samratoan ko bag mean bane maqabaroan mean dafan karane ki paranpara babar ke sath hi aranbh huee thi. taimoor lang ke samarakand mean bane maqabare par adharit yah maqabara bharat mean age ane vali mugal sthapaty ke maqabaroan ki prerana bana.^[1]

maqabare ki sanrachana

thumb|humayooan ka maqabara|250px is vishal imarat mean pravesh karane ke liye pashchim aur dakshin mean do dumanjile praveshadvar 16 mitar ooanche bane hue haian. praveshadvaroan mean donoan or kaksh sthit haian aur oopar ke tal par chhote praangan haian. maqabare ki banavat moolaroop se pattharoan ko gare-choone se jo dakar ki gee hai aur maqabare ko lal balua patthar ke dvara dhaka hua hai. safed sangamaramar ka prayog oopar ki pachchikari, pharsh ki satah, jaliyaan, dvar-chaukhatoan aur chhajjoan ke liye kiya gaya hai. isaka mukhy gumbad bhi shvet sangamaramar se hi dhaka hua hai. hamayooan ka maqabara 8 mitar ooanche mool chabootare par kh da hai, 12000 varg mitar ki oopari satah ko lal jalidar muander ghere hue hai. is vargakar chabootare ke konoan ko chhaantakar ashtakoniy abhas diya gaya hai. is chabootare ki nianv mean 56 kothariyaan bani huee haian, jinamean 100 se adhik qabrean banayi huee haian.^[1]

maqabare ki aantarik sanrachana

is imarat ka mukhy kaksh gumbadadar evan duguni ooanchaee ka ek manjila hai aur isamean gumbad ke niche ekadam madhy mean ath kinare vale ek jalidar ghere mean dvitiy mugal samrat humayooan ki qabr bani hai. humayooan ki qabr is imarat ki mukhy qabr hai. is imarat mean mukhy kendriy kaksh sahit nau vargakar kaksh bane haian. inamean bich mean bane mukhy kaksh ko ghere hue shesh ath dumanjile kaksh bich mean khulate haian. thik niche aantarik kaksh mean samrat humayooan ki asali samadhi bani hai, jisaka bahar se rasta jata hai. is poori imarat mean pitra dyoora namak sangamaramar ki pachchikari ka prayog hai aur is prakar ke qabr ke niyojan jo mugal samrajy ke bad ke maqabaroan, jaise tajamahal adi mean khoob prayog hue haian, yah bharatiy-islamik sthapatyakala ka mahattvapoorn aang haian, thumb|humayooan ka maqabara|250px|left pashchim mean makka ki or sangamaramar ki jalidar ghere ke thik oopar imarat ke mukhy kaksh mean meharab bhi bana hai. pradhan kaksh ke char konoan par char ashtakoniy kamare haian, jo meharabadar dirgha se ju de haian. pradhan kaksh ki bhujaoan ke bich-bich mean char any kaksh bhi bane haian. ye ath kamare mukhy qabr ki parikrama banate haian, jaisi soophivad aur kee any mugal maqabaroan mean dikhati hai, sath hi islam dharm mean jannat ka sanket bhi karate haian. yahaan amataur par praveshadvaroan par khude quran ke soora 24 ke bajay soora- an-noor ki ek rekha bani hai, jisake dvara prakash kibala (makka ki disha) se aandar pravesh karata hai. is prakar samrat ka star unake virodhiyoan aur pratidvandiyoan se ooancha devatv ke nikat ho jata hai. in pratyek kamaroan ke sath 8-8 kamare aur bane haian, jo kul milakar 124 kakshiy yojana ka aang haian. mugal navaboan aur darabariyoan ki qabroan ko in chhote kamaroan mean samay-samay par banaya hua hai. atah imarat ko mugaloan ka qabristan sanjna mili huee hai. pratham tal ko milakar is mukhy imarat mean lagabhag 100 se adhik qabrean bani haian, jinamean se adhikaansh par pahachan n khudi hone ke karan dafan hue vyakti ka pata nahian hai, kintu ye nishchit hai ki ve mugal samrajy ke raj parivar ya darabariyoan mean se hi the.^[1]

smarak

charabag udyan

humayooan ke maqabare ke kendr se nikalati huee char jal nalikaean charabag ke vargakar khake ki rekha banati haian. maqabare ki poorn shobha isako ghere hue 30 ek d mean phaile charabag shaili ke mugal udyanoan se nikharati hai. jannat roopi udyan chaharadivari ke bhitar bana hai. ye udyan char bhagoan mean paidal pathoan (khiyaban) aur do vibhajak kendriy jal nalikaoan dvara banta hua hai. is prakar bane char bagoan ko phir se patthar ke bane rastoan dvara char-char chhote bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. is prakar kul milakar 36 bhag banate haian. jis prakar quran ki ayatoan mean ’jannat ke bag’ ka varnan kiya gaya hai, thik us prakar kendriy jal nalika mukhy dvar se maqabare tak jati huee usake niche jati hai aur doosari or se phir nikalati huee pratit hoti hai. charabag maqabare ko ghere hue hai, charabag ko tin or ooanchi patthar ki chaharadivari ghere hue hai aur kabhi nikat hi yamuna nadi tisari or baha karati thi, jo samay ke sath parisar se door chali gee hai.

naee ka gumbad

thumb|humayooan ka maqabara|250px maqabare parisar mean charabag ke aandar hi dakshin-poorvi disha mean 1590 mean bana naee ka gumbad hai. isaki mukhy parisar mean upasthiti dafanaye gaye vyakti ki mahatta darshati hai. yah maqabara ek ooanche chabootare par bana hai jahaan pahuanchane ke liye dakshini or se sat sidhiyaan bani haian. yah vargakar hai aur isake akele kaksh ke oopar ek dohara gumbad bana hai. aandar do qabroan par quran ki ayatean khudi huee haian. inamean se ek qabr par 999 aank khude haian, jisaka arth hijari ka varsh 999 hai jo 1590-91 ee. batata hai.^[1]

eesa khaan niyaji ka maqabara

humayooan ke maqabare ke mukhy pashchimi praveshadvar ke raste mean pramukh smarak eesa khaan niyaji ka maqabara hai, jo mukhy maqabare se bhi 20 varsh poorv 1547 mean bana tha. eesa khaan niyaji mugaloan ke viruddh l dane vala soor vansh ke shasak sherashah soori ke darabar ka ek afagan navab tha. yah maqabara eesa khaan ke jivanakal mean hi bana tha aur usake bad usake poore parivar ke liye hi kam aya. ^[1] thumb|350px|left|jali ki maya, humayooan ka maqabara

any smarak

is maqabare mean ek tin aangan chau di lal balua patthar ki masjid sthit hai.
hairoo boo halima ka maqabara aur usake bag chaharadivari ke bahar sthit haian. ye maqabara ab dhvans ho chuka hai aur isake avasheshoan se jnat hota hai ki ye kendr mean sthit nahian tha. isase abhas hota hai ki sanbhavatah ye bad mean jo da gaya hoga.
is parisar mean arab saray sthit hai, jise hamida begam ne mukhy maqabare ke nirman mean lage karigaroan ke liye banavaya tha.
is parisar mean hi afasaravala maqabara bhi bana hai, jo akabar ke ek navab ke liye bana tha. isake sath hi isaki masjid bhi bani hai.
nila burj namak maqabara poore parisar ke bahar sthit hai . is maqabare ka nam isake gumbad ke oopar lagi nili glejd tailoan ke karan p da hai.

jirnoddhar

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif yah maqabara farasi vastukala se prabhavit hai, yah 47 mitar ooancha aur 200 phit chau da hai. is imarat par farasi balbuas gumbad bana hai, jo sarvapratham sikandar lodi ke maqabare mean dekha gaya tha. gumbad dohari part mean bana hai, bahari part ke bahar shvet sangamaramar ka avaran laga hai, aur aandarooni part gufa roopi bani hai chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

vithika

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 humayooan ka maqabara (hindi) veb varta. abhigaman tithi: 11 mee, 2011.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[.E0.A4.B5.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.AC_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 humayooan ka maqabara (hindi) veb varta. abhigaman tithi: 11 mee, 2011.

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