अंत्येष्टि संस्कार

vistar mean padhane lie dekhean: pitrimedh ya antyakarm sanskar

hindoo jivan ke prasiddh solah sanskaroan mean se yah antim sanskar hai, jisamean jati v dharmik mat ke anusar bhinnata hote hue bhi samanyat: mrit vyakti ki dahakriya adi ki jati hai. aantyeshti ka arth hai, antim yajn. doosare shabdoan mean jivan yajn ki yah antim prakriya hai. adarsh roop se sanskar garbhadharan ke kshan se hi shuroo ho jate haian aur vyakti ke jivan mean pratyek mahattvapoorn charan par sanpann kie jate haian. mrityu nikat ane par rishtedaroan aur purohit ko bulaya jata hai, mantri v pavitr granthoan ka path hota hai aur anushthanik bheantean taiyar ki jati haian. mrityu ke uparaant shav ko jald se jald shmashan ghat par le jate haian, jo amataur par nadi tat par sthit hota hai. mritak ka sabase b da putr aur anushthanik purohit dah sanskar karate haian. pratham pandrah sanskar aihik jivan ko pavitr aur sukhi banane ke lie hai. baudhayan pitrimedhasootr (3.1.4) mean kaha gaya hai-

jatasanskaraineman lokamabhijayati mritasanskarainamuan lokamh.
(jatakarm adi sanskaroan se manushy is lok ko jitata hai; mrit-sanskar, "aantyeshti" se paralok ko).

isake bad brahmanoan mean 10 din tak (kshatriy mean 12, vaishyoan mean 15 aur shoodroan mean 30 din) parivar ke sadasyoan ko apavitr samajha jata hai. aur un par kuchh varjanaean lagoo rahati haian. is avadhi mean ve anushthan karate hai. taki atma agale jivan mean pravesh kar le. in anushthanoan mean doodh aur jal tatha adhapake chaval ke piandoan ka arpan shamil hai. nishchit tithi ko shmashan se ekatrit asthi avashesh ya to dafan kar diya jata hai ya phir nadi mean pravahit kar diya jata hai. mritakoan ke samman mean nishchit tithiyoan par sanbandhiyoan dvara shraddh kie jate haian.

anivary sanskar

yah anivary sanskar hai. rogi ko mrityu se bachane ke lie athak prayas karane par bhi samay athava asamay mean usaki mrityu hoti hi hai. is sthiti ko svikar karate hue baudhayan ne pun: kaha hai-

jatasy vai manushyasy dhruvan maranamiti vijaniyath.
tasmajjate n prahrishyenmrite ch n vishideth.
akasmadagatan bhootamakasmadev gachchhati.
tasmajjatan mrinchaiv sampashyanti suchetas:.

  (utpann hue manushy ka maran dhruv hai, aisa janana chahie. isilie kisi ke janm lene par n to prasannata se phool jana chahie aur n kisi ke marane par atyant vishad karana chahie. yah jivadhari akasmath kahian se ata hai aur akasmath hi kahian chala jata hai. isilie buddhiman ko janm aur maran ko saman roop se dekhana chahie).

tasyanmataran pitaramachary patnian putran shi yamantevasinan pitrivyan matulan sagotramasagotran va dayamupayachchheddahanan sanskaren sanskrirvanti..

[isilie yadi mrityu ho hi jae to, mata, pita, achary, patni, putr, shishy (antevasi), pitrivy (chacha), matul (mama), sagotr, asagotr ka day (dayitv) grahan karana chahie aur sanskarapoorn usaka dah karana chahie].

vidhiyaan

aantyeshtikriya ki vidhiyaan kalakram se badalati ja rahi haian. pahale shav ko vaisa hi chho d diya jata tha, ya jal mean pravahit kar diya jata tha. bad mean use kisi vriksh ki dal se lataka dete the. age chalakar samadhi (ga dane) ki pritha chali. vaidik kal mean jab yajn ki pradhanata huee, to mrit sharir bhi yajnagni dvara hi dagdh hone laga aur dahasanskar ki pradhanata ho gee (ye nikhata ye paropta ye dagdha ye choddhita:). hinduoan mean shav ka dah sanskar hi bahuprachalit hai; yadyapi kinhian-kinhian avasthaoan mean apavad roop se jal-pravah aur samadhi ki pratha bhi abhi jivit hai.

khand-vibhajan

sampoorn aantyeshti sanskar ko nimnaankit khandoan vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-

(1)mrityu ke agaman ke poorv ki kriya

• sambandhiyoan se antim vidaee
• dan-puny
• vaitarani (gay ka dan)
• mrityu ki taiyari

(2)pragh-dah ke vidhi-vidhan
(3)arthi
(4)shavottthan
(5)shavayatra
(6)anustarani (rajagavi: shmashan ki gay)
(7)dah ki taiyari
(8)vidhava ka chitarohan (kali mean varjit)
(9)dahayajn
(10)pratyavartan (shmashan se lautana)
(11)adakakarm
(12)shokartoan ke santvana
(13)ashauch (samayik chhoot: asprishyata)
(14)asthisanchayan
(15)shantikarm
(16)shmashan (avashesh par samadhinirman). ajakal avashesh ka jalapravah aur usake kuchh aansh ka ganga athava any kisi pavitr nadi mean pravah hota hai.
(17)pindadan (mrit ke pret jivan mean usake lie bhojan-dan).
(18)sapindikaran (pitrilok mean pitaroan ke sath pret ko milana). yah kriya barahavean din, tin paksh ke ant mean athava ek varsh ke ant mean hoti hai. aisa vishvas hai ki pret ko pitrilok mean pahuanchane mean ek varsh lagata hai.

vishesh kriyaean

asamayik athava asadharan sthiti mean mrit vyaktiyoan ke aantyeshti sanskar mean kee apavad athava vishesh kriyaean hoti haian. ahitagni, anahitagni, shishu, garbhini, navaprasoota, rajasvala, parivrajak-sannyasi-vanaprasth, pravasi aur patit ke sanskar vibhinn vidhiyoan se hote haian.

dharmikavishvas

hinduoan mean jivachchhraddh ki pratha bhi prachalit hai. dharmik hindoo ka vishvas hai ki sadagati (svarg athava moksh) ki prapti ke lie vidhipoorvak aantyeshti sanskar avashyak hai. yadi kisi ka putr n ho, athava yadi usako is bat ka ashvasan n ho ki marane ke pashchath usaki savidhi aantyeshti kriya hogi, to vah apane jite-ji apana shraddhakarm svayan kar sakata hai. usaka putala banakar usaka dah hota hai. shesh kriyaean samany roop se hoti haian. bahut se log sannyas ashram mean pravesh ke poorv apana jivachchhraddh kar lete haian.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

(pustak ‘hindoo dharmakosh’) prishth sankhya-36