उपसर्ग

upasarg = up (samip) + sarg (srishti karana) ka arth hai- kisi shabd ke samip a kar naya shabd banana. jo shabdaansh shabdoan ke adi mean ju d kar unake arth mean kuchh visheshata late haian, ve upasarg kahalate haian. 'har' shabd ka arth hai parajay. parantu isi shabd ke age 'pr' shabdaansh ko jo dane se naya shabd banega - 'prahar' (pr + har) jisaka arth hai chot karana. isi tarah 'a' jo dane se ahar (bhojan), 'samh' jo dane se sanhar (vinash) tatha 'vi' jo dane se 'vihar' (ghoomana) ityadi shabd ban jaeange. uparyukt udaharan mean 'pr', 'a', 'samh' aur 'vi' ka alag se koee arth nahian hai, 'har' shabd ke adi mean ju dane se usake arth mean inhoanne parivartan kar diya hai. isaka matalab hua ki ye sabhi shabdaansh haian aur aise shabdaanshoan ko upasarg kahate haian. hindi mean prachalit upasargoan ko nimnalikhit bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai.

1. sanskrit ke upasarg,
2. hindi ke upasarg,
3. urdoo aur farasi ke upasarg,
4. aangrezi ke upasarg,
5. upasarg ke saman prayukt hone vale sanskrit ke avyay.

sanskrit ke upasarg

kram	upasarg	arth	shabd
1	ati	adhik	atyadhik, atyant, atirikt, atishay
2	adhi	oopar, shreshth	adhikar, adhipati, adhinayak
3	anu	pichhe, saman	anuchar, anukaran, anusar, anushasan
4	ap	bura, hin	apayash, apaman, apakar
5	abhi	samane, charoan or, pas	abhiyan, abhishek, abhinay, abhimukh
6	av	hin, nich	avagun, avanati, avatar, avanati
7	a	tak, samet	ajivan, agaman
8	uth	ooancha, shreshth, oopar	udgam, utkarsh, uttam, utpatti
9	up	nikat, sadrish, gaun	upadesh, upavan, upamantri, upahar
10	durh	bura, kathin	durjan, durgam, durdasha, durachar
11	dush	bura, kathin	dushcharitr, dussahas, dushkar
12	nirh	bina, bahar, nishedh	niraparadh, nirjan, nirakar, nirgun
13	nish	rahit, poora, viparit	nissar, nistar, nishchal, nishchit
14	ni	nishedh, adhikata, niche	nivaran, nipat, niyog, nishedh
15	para	ulta, pichhe	parajay, parabhav, paramarsh, parakram
16	pari	asapas, charoan taraph	parijan, parikram, paripoorn, parinam
17	pr	adhik, age	prakhyat, prabal, prasthan, prakriti
18	prati	ulata, samane, har ek	pratikool, pratyaksh, pratikshan, pratyek
19	vi	bhinn, vishesh	videsh, vilap, viyog, vipaksh
20	samh	uttam, sath, poorn	sanskar, sangam, santusht, sanbhav
21	su	achchha, adhik	sujan, sugam, sushikshit, supatr

hindi ke upasarg

kram	upasarg	arth	shabd
1	a	abhav, nishedh	achhoota, athah, atal
2	an	abhav, nishedh	anamol, anaban, anapadh
3	ku	bura	kuchal, kuchaila, kuchakr
4	du	kam, bura	dubala, dulara, dudharoo
5	ni	kami	nigo da, nidar, nihattha, nikamma
6	au	hin, nishedh	augun, aughar, ausar, ausan
7	bhar	poora	bharapet, bharapoor, bharasak, bharamar
8	su	achchha	sudaul, sujan, sugh d, suphal
9	adh	adha	adhapaka, adhakachcha, adhamara, adhakachara
10	un	ek kam	unatis, unasath, unahattar, uantalis
11	par	doosara, bad ka	paralok, paropakar, parasarg, parahit
12	bin	bina, nishedh	binabyaha, binabadal, binapae, binajane

arabi-farasi ke upasarg

kram	upasarg	arth	shabd
1	kam	tho da, hin	kamazor, kamabakht, kamakl
2	khush	achchha	khushanasib, khushakhabari, khushahal, khushaboo
3	gair	nishedh	gairahazir, gairaqanooni, gairamulk, gair-zimmedar
4	na	abhav	napasand, nasamajh, naraz, nalayak
5	b	aur, anusar	banam, badaulat, badastoor, bagair
6	ba	sahit	bakayada, baijzat, baadab, bamauka
7	bad	bura	badamash, badanam, badaqismat,badaboo
8	be	bina	beeeman, beijzat, bechara, bevakoof
9	la	rahit	laparavah, lachar, lavaris, lajavab
10	sar	mukhy	sarataj, saradar, sarapanch, sarakar
11	ham	saman, sathavala	hamadardi, hamarah, hamumr, hamadam
12	har	pratyek	haradin, harasal, harek, harabar

 

aangrezi ke upasarg

kram	upasarg	arth	shabd
1	sab	adhin, niche	sab-jaj sab-kameti, sab-ianspektar
2	dipti	sahayak	dipti-kalektar, dipti-rajistrar, dipti-ministar
3	vais	sahayak	vaisaray, vais-chaansalar, vais-presideant
4	janaral	pradhan	janaral mainejar, janaral sekretari
5	chif	pramukh	chif-ministar, chif-ianjiniyar, chif-sekretari
6	hed	mukhy	hedamastar, hed klark

 

upasarg ke saman prayukt hone vale sanskrit ke avyay

kram	upasarg	arth	shabd
1	adhah	niche	adhahpatan, adhogati, adhomukhi, adholikhit
2	aantah	bhitari	aantahkaran, aantahpur, aantarman, aantardeshiy
3	a	abhav	ashok ,akal, aniti
4	chir	bahut der	chiranjivi, chirakumar, chirakal, chirayu
5	punarh	phir	punarjanm, punarlekhan, punarjivan
6	bahirh	bahar	bahirgaman, bahishkar
7	sath	sachcha	sajjan, satkarm, sadachar, satkary
8	pura	puratan	puratattv, puravritt
9	sam	saman	samakalin, samadarshi, samakon, samakalik
10	sah	sath	sahakar, sahapathi, sahayogi, sahachar

 

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