उर्मिला

chitr:Disamb2.jpg urmila

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- urmila (bahuvikalpi)

[[chitr:Saket-maithilisharan-gupt.jpg|thumb|saket ka avaran prishth]] urmila ka nam hianduoan ke pavitr dharm granth ramayan mean lakshman ki patni ke roop mean milata hai. mahabharat, puran tatha kavy mean bhi isase adhik urmila ka koee parichay nahian milata. keval adhunik kal mean urmila ke vishay mean vishesh sahanubhooti prakat ki gayi hai. yug ki bhavana se prerit hokar adhunik yug mean dalitoan, patitoan aur upekshitoan ke uddhar ke jo prayatn kiye gaye haian unamean prachin kavyoan ke vismrit aur upekshit patroan, visheshakar stri patroan ka bhi uchchatam sthan hai.

parichay

valmiki ramayan ke anusar, urmila janak nandani sita ki chhoti bahan thian aur sita ke vivah ke samay hi dasharath aur sumitra ke putr lakshman ko byahi gee thian. inake aangad aur chandraketu nam ke do putr tatha somada nam ki ek putri thi. adhunik sahityakaroan ne urmila ko vividh kalaoan mean parangat aur kartavyaparayan nari ke roop mean chitrit kiya hai. ram ke sath lakshman ke bhi chaudah varsh ke lie van jane par urmila ne apani virah-vyatha ko jiv-jantuoan ke prati sahanubhooti mean badal diya.

sahity mean urmila

• ram kavy parampara mean urmila ke charitr ka saphal rekhaankan ‘saket’ aur ‘urmila’ mean milata hai, jisamean usake upekshit vyaktitv ko ubhara gaya hai. ‘saket’ ka navamh sarg urmila ke virah-vishad ki charam nidarshana hai. vah apane man-mandir mean priy ki pratibha sthapit kar sampoorn bhogoan ko tyag kar apana jivan yogamay bana leti hai, yatha-

manas mandir mean sati, pati ki pratima thap,

jalati thi us virah mean, bani arati ap .
aankhoan mean priy moorti thi, bhoole the sab bhog,

hua yog se bhi adhik, usaka visham viyog ॥

• urmila mean kshatrani ka vyaktitv bhi drishtigochar hota hai. lakshman ko shakti lagane ka samachar pakar vah shatrughn ke samip upasthit ho jati hai. vah kartikey ke nikat bhavani lag rahi thi. usake anan par sau aroonoan ka tej phoot raha tha. usake mathe ka sindoor sajag aangar sadrish tha. vah kahati haian-

viandhy-himachal-bhal bhala jhuk a n dhiro,

chandr-soory kul-kirti kala rook jay n viro .
thaharo, yah maian chalooan kirti si age-age,

bhogean apane visham karmaphal adham abhage ॥

• urmila aur lakshman ka parasparik prem ek-doosare ko poornata ki or agrasar karata hai. is yugal ka prem shuddh, satvik aur atmik hai. usamean kahian uchchhriankhalata, vilasita aur parthivata ki durgandh nahian hai. tabhi to sanyog ki apoorv vela mean urmila lakshman se poochhati hai ki-

prem ke shuddh roop kaho- sammilan hai pradhan ya gaun?
kaun ooancha hai? bhavodrek? ya ki nat atmanivedan maun?

• d aau. shyamasundar das ne kaha, ‘kavy ki yah chir upekshita, ‘saket’ hi nahian, hindi mahakavyoan ki charitrabhoomi mean pratham bar jis vesh mean prakat hoti hai, vah vesh ashru vigalit hokar bhi ojamay, adarshapradhan hokar bhi svabhavikata ke nikat evan daivi gunoan se mandit hokar bhi nari sulabh hai .

[[chitr:Ramayana.jpg|thumb|200px|ramayan]]

mahattvapoorn sandarbh

• sarvapratham mahakavi ravindranath thakur ne apane ek nibandh mean atyant bhavukatapoorn shaili mean upekshita urmila ka smaran kiya aur adikavi valmiki tatha any paravarti kaviyoan ki urmila-vishayak udasinata ki alochana ki. usi lekh se prerana lekar achary mahavir prasad dvivedi ne 'sarasvati' mean ek lekh likha aur kaviyoan ko urmila ka uddhar karane ka ahvan kiya.
• maithilisharan gupt ne dvivedi ji ke lekh se prerana lekar 'urmila-uttap' rachana prarambh ki. 'urmila-uttap' ke char sarg sanh 1920 ke pahale hi rache ja chuke the kintu bad mean gupt ji ne apani rachana ko sampoorn ramakatha ka roop dene ka vichar kiya aur ise 'saket' ke nam se rachakar prakashit kiya. ram katha mean urmila jaise ek gaun patr ko jitani pramukhata di ja sakati thi, gupt ji ne use dene ka bharapoor prayatn kiya. unhoanne urmila ke alpakalin sanyog ka manohar chitr dekar usake dirgh aur darun viyog ka atyant marmik aur prabhavashali chitr dene mean saphalata prapt ki. 'saket' ke navam sarg mean urmila ke virahi jivan ke b de hi marmasparshi chitr milate haian. gupt ji ne is chitraankan mean prachin kaviyoan ke varnanoan aur uktiyoan ka prayog kar apane kavyanushilan ka bhi parichay diya hai. 'saket' ke antim sarg mean lakshman aur urmila ka punarmilan vaisa hi hridayavarjak hai, jaisa ki pratham sarg mean varnit unaka sanyogasukh ahladakari hai.
• urmila vishayak kuchh any rachanaean bhi huee jisamean balkrishna sharma 'navin' ka 'urmila' shirshak khandakavy vishesh ullekhaniy hai. is khandakavy mean keval urmila vishayak ghatana prasangoan ko lene ke karan kavi kathanak ki ekatmakata aur svatantrata ko adhik surakshit rakh saka hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

• 'saket'; maithilisharan gupt:
  
• 'urmila'; balkrishna sharma 'navin'