ओणम

onam
onam|200px|center
any nam	onam, tiruonam
anuyayi	hindoo dharmavalambi
uddeshy	keral mean phasaloan ki kataee ke bad agast-sitambar mean manaya jane vala das dinoan ka lamba tyauhar hai.
prarambh	pauranik
tithi	onam malayali kailendar 'kolavarsham' ke pahale mahine 'chhiangam' yani agast-sitanbar ke bich manane ki paranpara chali a rahi hai.
utsav	ghar ka ek kamara phool ghar banaya jata hai. phooloan ki gathirayaan usamean rakhate haian. us kamare ke bahar lip–pot kar ek chauk taiyar kiya jata hai aur usake charoan taraf golaee mean phool sajae jate haian.
dharmik manyata	hindoo dharm
sanbandhit lekh	dashahara
any janakari	keral ki sarakar bhi onam parv ko prayojit karati hai. nauka dau d v any mahotsav sarakar ke sanrakshan mean manae jate haian.
adyatan‎	16:34, 24 sitambar 2011 (IST)

onam, keral ka ek pramukh tyauhar hai. jis tarah uttari bharat mean dashahare ka tyohar b di dhoomadham se manaya jata hai, usi prakar keral mean onam ka tyohar manaya jata hai. antar keval itana hai ki dashahare mean das din pahale ram lilaoan ka ayojan hota hai aur onam se das din pahale gharoan ko phooloan se sajane ka karyakram chalata hai.

manane ka samay

onam ko malayali kailendar kolavarsham ke pahale mahine 'chhiangam' yani agast-sitanbar ke bich manane ki paranpara chali a rahi hai. onam ke pahale din jise atham kahate haian, se hi ghar-ghar mean onam ki taiyariyaan praranbh ho jati hai aur das din ke is utsav ka samapan aantim din jise 'thiruonam' ya 'tiruonam' kahate haian, ko hota hai.

onam ka arth

vastav mean onam ka arth hai "shravan". shravan ke mahine mean mausam bahut khushagavar ho jata hai, charoan taraf hariyali chha jati hai, rang–birange phooloan ki sugandh se sara chaman mahak uthata hai. keral mean chay, adarak, ilayachi, kali mirch tatha dhan ki fasal pak kar taiyar ho jati hai. nariyal aur ta d ke vrikshoan se chhae hue jal se bhare talab bahut sundar lagate haian. logoan mean nayi–nayi ashaean aur nayi–nayi umangean bhar jati haian. log khushi mean bharakar shravan devata aur phooloan ki devi ka poojan karate haian.

taiyariyaan

onam ke tyohar se das din pahale bachche pratidin bagoan mean, jangaloan mean tatha phulavariyoan mean phool chunane jate haian aur phooloan ki gathirayaan baandh–baandhakar apane ghar late haian. ghar ka ek kamara phool ghar banaya jata hai. phooloan ki gathirayaan usamean rakhate haian. us kamare ke bahar lip–pot kar ek chauank taiyar kiya jata hai aur usake charoan taraf golaee mean phool sajae jate haian. daravazoan, khi dakiyoan aur sab kamaroan ko phooloan ki malaoan se sajaya jata hai. jaise - jaise onam ka mukhy tyohar nikat ata hai, vaise - vaise phooloan ki sajavat badhati jati hai.

moorti ki sthapana

is tarah se ath din tak phooloan ki sajavat ka karyakram chalata hai. nauvean din har ek ghar mean vishnu bhagavan ki moorti sthapit ki jati hai. auratean vishnu bhagavan ki pooja ke git gati haian aur tali bajakar golaee mean nachati haian. is nach ko 'thappatikali' kahate haian. bachche vaman avatar ke poojan ke git gate haian. in gitoan ko 'onam lapn' kahate haian. rat ko har ghar mean ganesh ji tatha shravan dev ki moorti sthapit ki jati hai aur unake samane mangaladip jalae jate haian. is din ek vishesh prakar ka pakavan banaya jata hai, jise 'poov d' kahate haian.

mukhy tyohar

dasavean din onam ka mukhy tyohar manaya jata hai. jo ki trayodashi ke din hota hai. is din ghar ke sabhi sadasy subah savere uth kar snan kar lete haian aur ghar ka buzurg sabako naye–naye kap de pahanane ke lie deta hai. l dakiyaan ek vishesh prakar ka pakavan, jise 'vallasan' kahate haian, bana kar shravan devata, ganesh ji, vishnu bhagavan, vaman bhagavan tatha phooloan ki devi par chadhati haian aur l dake tir chalakar us chadhaye hue pakavan ko vapas lauta kar prasad ke roop mean grahan karate haian. [[chitr:Onam-2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|onam, keral
Onam, Kerala]]

tiroo onam

tiroo onam ke din pratah nashte mean bhoone hue ya bhap mean pakae hue kele khae jate haian. is nashte ko 'nendram' kahate haian. yah ek khas kele se taiyar hota hai, jise 'nendram kay' kahate haian. yah kele keval keral mean hi paida hote haian. us din ka khana chaval, dal, pap d aur keloan se banaya jata hai aur bahut svadisht bhojan banae jate haian aur har ek ghar mean poojapath tatha dharmik karyakram hote haian.

prachin paramparayean

yah hast nakshatr se shuroo hokar shravan nakshatr tak ka das divasiy tyohar hai. har ghar ke aangan mean mahabali ki mitti ki trikonatmak moorti, jis ko 'trikkakarakarai appan' kahate haian, bani rahati hai. isake charoan or vividh rangoan ke phooloan ke vritt chitr banae jate haian. pratham din jitane vritt rache jate haian, usake dogune–tigune tatha ant mean dasavean din das gune tak vritt rache jate haian. keral ke logoan ke lie yah utsav bansatotsav se kam nahian hai. yah utsav keral mean madhumas lekar ata hai. yah din sajane–dhajane ke sath–sath duahkh–dard bhoolakar khushiyaan manane ka hota hai. aisi manyata hai ki tiruvonam ke tisare din mahabali patal lok laut jate haian. jitani bhi kalakritiyaan banaee jati haian, ve mahabali ke chale ke bad hi hataee jati haian. yah tyohar keralavasiyoan ke sath purani parampara ke roop mean ju da hai. onam vastavik roop mean fasal katane ka tyohar hai, par ab isaki vyapak manyata hai.

pauranik akhyan

kaha jata hai ki jab parashuramji ne sari prithvi ko kshatriyoan se jit kar brahmanoan ko dan kar di thi, tab unake pas rahane ke lie koee bhi sthan nahian raha, tab unhoanne sahyadri parvat ki gufa mean baith kar jal devata varun ki tapasya ki. varun devata ne tapasya se khush hokar parashuram ji ko darshan die aur kaha ki tum apana pharasa samudr mean phaianko. jahaan tak tumhara pharasa samudr mean jakar girega, vahian tak samudr ka jal sookhakar prithvi ban jaegi. vah sab prithvi tumhari hi hogi aur usaka nam parashu kshetr hoga. parashuram ji ne vaisa hi kiya aur jo bhoomi unako samudr mean mili, usi ko vartaman ko 'keral ya malayalam' kahate haian. parashuram ji ne samudr se bhoomi prapt karake vahaan par ek vishnu bhagavan ka mandir banavaya tha. vahi mandir ab bhi 'tirookkakar appan' ke nam se prasiddh hai aur jis din parashuram ji ne mandir mean moorti sthapit ki thi, us din shravan shukl ki triyodashi thi. isalie us din 'onam' ka tyohar manaya jata hai. har ek ghar mean vishnu bhagavan ki moorti sthapit karake usaki pooja ki jati hai.

vaman katha

thumb|250px|onam
Onam rakshas naresh mahabali, vishnu bhagavan ke bhakt prahlad ka pautr tha. vah udar shasak aur mahaparakrami tha. rakshasi pravritti ke karan mahabali ne devataoan ke rajy ko balapoorvak chhin liya tha. duragrahi v garv–darp se bhare raja bali ne devataoan ko kasht mean dal diya. tab pareshan devataoan ne bhagavan vishnu se sahayata ki guhar lagaee. prarthana sun bhagavan shri vishnu ne vaman, arthath baune ke roop mean maharshi kashyap v unaki patni aditi ke ghar janm liya. ek din vaman mahabali ki sabha mean pahuanche. is ojasvi, brahmachari navayuvak ko dekhakar ekaek mahabali unaki or akarshit ho gaya. mahabali ne shraddha se is navayuvak ka svagat kiya aur jo chahe maangane ko kaha.

shri vaman ne shuddhikaran hetu apane laghu pairoan ke tin qadam jitani bhoomi dene ka agrah kiya. udar mahabali ne yah svikar kar liya. kintu jaise hi mahabali ne yah bheant shrivaman ko di, vaman ka akar ekaek badhata hi chala gaya. vaman ne tab ek qadam se poori prithvi ko hi nap dala tatha doosare qadam se akash ko. ab tisara qadam to rakhane ko sthan bacha hi nahian tha. jab vaman ne bali se tisara qadam rakhane ke lie sthan maanga, tab usane namrata se apana mastak hi prastut kar diya. vaman ne apana tisara qadam mastak par rakh mahabali ko patal lok mean pahuancha diya. bali ne yah b di udarata aur namrata se svikar kiya. chooanki bali ki praja usase bahut hi sneh rakhati thi, isilie shrivishnu ne bali ko varadan diya ki vah apani praja ko varsh mean ek bar avashy mil sakega. atah jis din mahabali keral ate haian, vahi din onam ke roop mean manaya jata hai. is tyohar ko keral ke sabhi dharmoan ke log manate haian.

bali ki keral yatra ka mahotsav

aj bhi keralavasi mahabali ki yatra ko onam ke roop mean manate haian. poora prant mahotsav ke rang mean rang jata hai. am ke pattoan ko ek dori mean baandha jata hai tatha ghar ke dvaroan par taang diya jata hai. rang–birange jha d–phanoos v nariyal gharoan ki shobha ko badhate haian. mitti ke bartan ke kon (shankoo) ko bali ka pratik manakar ghar ke age rakha jata hai tatha ise chandan v sindoor se sajaya jata hai. aanganoan mean rang–birangi rangoli ke vibhinn akar banae jate haian.

is parv ka ek aur vishesh karyakram hai, pushpoan ko golakar roop mean sajakar rakhana. ise hi 'attam ya onam' kaha jata hai. pratidin nana prakar ke pushp gobar ke sookhe kande par lagae jate haian tatha inhean ghar ke age rakha jata hai. attam ke saundary v isake vibhinn akaroan ki spardha bhi hoti hai. striyaan samavet svar mean 'kaee, ket, kali' v 'kummi' layabaddh hokar gati haian. ghar ka mukhiya parivar ke sadasyoan mean navavastr baantata hai. is veshabhoosha ko 'onappanan' kahate haian. purane samay mean keral ki striyaan shvet sa diyaan pahanati thian. in sa diyoan ke charoan or svarnim boote lagae jate the. kamar se oopar ka sharir ek aur chhoti dhoti 'melamu d' se dhaka hota tha. adhunik samay mean keral ki striyaan bhi any kshetroan bhaanti sa diyaan ya salavar kamiz pahanati haian.

manabhavan vyanjan

tiruonam ke din pratah hi snan adi karake sab log naye–naye kap de pahanate haian. b de log chhotoan ko anappu dava arthath–onam ke kap de pradan karate haian. gaanv ke yuvak geand khelate haian. striyaan ikatthi hokar taliyaan bajakar gati haian. gharoan mean kele ke pakavan jise 'palanuranaku' kahate haian, banae jate haian. tiruonam ke pahale hi nayi fasal ke anajoan se khalihan bhar jate haian. sukh-samriddhi ke is avasar par onam ka tyohar poori khushi ke sath manaya jata hai. [[chitr:Onam.jpg|thumb|250px|left|onam, keral
Onam, Kerala]] 'onasadaya' namak bhoj is samaroh ka sabase akarshak karyakram hai. nana prakar ke vyanjanoan mean vibhinn prakar ki shak-sabjiyoan ka prayog kiya jata hai. bhojan ko kadali ke pattoan mean parosa jata hai. nana prakar ke bhojy padarthoan tatha tarakariyaan jinhean 'pach di-pach di kallam, ollam, dav, ghi, saanbhar' ityadi kaha jata hai. pap d v kele ke chips bhi banae jate haian. doodh ki khir jise 'payasam' kahate haian, onam ka vishesh bhojan hai.

ye sabhi pak vyanjan 'namboodari' brahmanoan ki pak kala ki shreshthata ko darshate haian tatha unaki sanskriti ke vistar mean ahm bhoomika nibhate haian. kahate haian ki keral mean atharah prakar ke dugdh pakavan haian. inhean rritu phaloan jaise kela, am adi se banaya jata hai. isake atirikt kee prakar ki dalean jaise mooang v chana ke ate ka prayog bhi vibhinn vyanjanoan mean kiya jata hai.

nauka dau d

onam ke avasar par yahaan sarpanauka dau d pratiyogita ka ayojan kiya jata hai. ise sarp nauka dau d isalie kaha jata hai ki ye naukaean sarpakar patali hoti haian. inaki lambaee 50 phit tak hoti hai aur bich ka bhag bahut patala hota hai. kali lak di ki bani yah naukaean pani par is tarah se tairati haian, manoan koee b da saanp reang raha ho.

isake atirikt nauka dau d bhi hoti hai. nauka chalane vale ek khas qism ka git gate haian. jise 'vaanchi pattakkal' yani ki 'nav ka git' kahate haian. nauka ki dau d ko 'vallamukali' kahate haian. is tarah se onam ka tyohar manakar sandhya ke samay vishnu bhagavan, ganesh ji, shravan dev tatha vaman dev aur phooloan ki devi ki moortiyoan ko ek takhte par rakhakar unaka poojan kiya jata hai aur phir adar sahit kisi talab ya nadi mean le jakar unhean jal mean pravahit kar diya jata hai.

paryatan saptah

keral ki sarakar bhi onam parv ko prayojit karati hai. nauka dau d v any mahotsav sarakar ke sanrakshan mean manae jate haian. sarakar onam se sambandhit paryatan saptah bhi ayojit karati hai. jisamean keral ki saanskritik dharohar dekhate hi banati hai. onam ke avasar par samoocha keral navaspardha, nrity, sangit, mahabhoj adi karyakramoan se jivant ho uthata hai. yah tyohar keralavasiyoan ke jivan ke sauanndary ko saharsh aangikar karane ka pratik hai. sab ke sab ek hi rang mean range hote haian. keral sarakar ke atirikt nausena bhi samay–samay par bot resiang ayojit karati hai. aranmula namak sthan par navoan ki spardha dekhane ke lie hazaroan logoan ki sankhya ekatrit hoti hai. keral mean kee sthanoan par 'katthak nrity' ka ayojan bhi kiya jata hai. is mahotsav ko apar janasamooh apasi bhaeechare ke sath manata hai. yah parv adabhut chhata bikherata hai.