रावण
ravan
| |
| any nam | dashanan, lankesh, lankapati, dashagriv |
| kul | valmiki ramayan ke anusar ravan pulasty muni ka pota tha arthat unake putr vishrava ka putr tha. |
| pita | vishrava |
| mata | kaikasi |
| vivah | mandodari |
| santan | meghanad |
| vidya parangat | dhanurvidya |
| nivas | lanka |
| mrityu | ramayan ke aant mean shriram ke dvara vadh |
| any janakari | sangit ke kshetr mean bhi ravan ki vidvata apane samay mean advitiy mani jati hai. vina bajane mean ravan siddhahast tha. usane ek vady banaya bhi tha jise jo aj ke bela ya vayalin ka hi mool aur prarambhik roop hai jise ab ravan hattha kaha jata hai. |
ravan (aangrezi:Ravana) ramayan ka ek vishesh patr hai. ravan lanka ka raja tha. vah apane das siroan ke karan bhi jana jata tha (sadharan se das guna adhik mastishk shakti), jisake karan usaka nam dashanan {dash (das) + anan (mukh)} bhi tha. kisi bhi kriti ke liye achchhe patroan ke sath hi sath bure patroan ka hona ati avashyak hai. kintu ravan mean avagun ki apeksha gun adhik the. jitane vala hamesha apane ko uttam likhata hai, atah ravan ko bura kaha gaya hai. ravan ko charoan vedoan ka jnata kaha gaya hai. sangit ke kshetr mean bhi ravan ki vidvata apane samay mean advitiy mani jati hai. vina bajane mean ravan siddhahast tha. usane ek vady banaya bhi tha jise jo aj ke bela ya vayalin ka hi mool aur prarambhik roop hai jise ab ravan hattha kaha jata hai.
tathy
- ravan shiv bhakt tha. kailash parvat ko uthane ki katha ki moorti mathura mean mili hai.
- ramakatha mean ravan aisa patr hai, jo ram ke ujjval charitr ko ubharane ka kam karata hai.
- ravan ne ram ki patni sita ka haran kiya tha. ram ne ravan ko yuddh mean mar kar sita ko chhu daya.
pauranik ullekh
- padm puran, shrimadbhagavat puran, koorm puran, ramayan, mahabharat, anand ramayan, dashavataracharit adi granthoan mean ravan ka ullekh hua hai. ravan ke uday ke vishay mean bhinn-bhinn granthoan mean bhinn-bhinn prakar ke ullekh milate haian.
- padmapuran tatha shrimadbhagavat puran ke anusar hiranyaksh evan hiranyakashipu doosare janm mean ravan aur kuanbhakarn ke roop mean paida hue.
- valmiki ramayan ke anusar ravan pulasty muni ka pota tha arthat unake putr vishrava ka putr tha. vishrava ki varavarnini aur kaikasi namak do patniyaan thi. varavarnini ke kuber ko janm dene par sautiya dah vash kaikasi ne kubela mean garbh dharan kiya. isi karan se usake garbh se ravan tatha kumbhakarn jaise kroor svabhav vale bhayankar rakshas utpann huye.
- tulasidas ke ramacharitamanas mean ravan ka janm shap ke karan hua tha. ve narad evan pratap bhanu ki kathaoan ko ravan ke janm karan batate haian.
ravan ke gun
- ravan mean kitana hi rakshasatv kyoan n ho, usake gunoan vismrit nahian kiya ja sakata. ravan ek ati buddhiman brahman tatha shankar bhagavan ka bahut b da bhakt tha. vah maha tejasvi, pratapi, parakrami, roopavan tatha vidvanh tha.
- valmiki usake gunoan ko nishpakshata ke sath svikar karate huye use charoan vedoan ka vishvavikhyat jnata aur mahanh vidvanh batate haian. ve apane ramayan mean hanuman ka ravan ke darabar mean pravesh ke samay likhate haian-
aho roopamaho dhairyamahotsavamaho dyuti:.
aho rakshasarajasy sarvalakshanayuktata॥
age ve likhate haian "ravan ko dekhate hi ram mugdh ho jate haian aur kahate haian ki roop, saundary, dhairy, kanti tatha sarv lakshanayukt hone par bhi yadi is ravan mean adharm balavan n hota to yah devalok ka bhi svami ban jata." [[chitr:Ravana-Ramlila-Mathura-9.jpg|thumb|250px|left|ravan dahan, ramalila, mathura]]
- ravan jahaan dusht tha aur papi tha vahian usamean shishtachar aur ooanche adarsh vali maryadayean bhi thian. ram ke viyog mean duahkhi sita se ravan ne kaha hai, "he site! yadi tum mere prati kam bhav nahian rakhati to maian tujhe sparsh nahian kar sakata." shastroan ke anusar vandhya, rajasvala, akama adi stri ko sparsh karane ka nishedh hai atah apane prati akama sita ko sparsh n karake ravan maryada ka hi acharan karata hai.
- valmiki ramayan aur ramacharitamanas donoan hi granthoan mean ravan ko bahut mahattv diya gaya hai. rakshasi mata aur rrishi pita ki santan hone ke karan sadaiv do paraspar virodhi tattv ravan ke antahkaran ko mathate rahate haian.
ravan ke avagun
- valmiki ravan ke adharmi hone ko usaka mukhy avagun manate haian. unake ramayan mean ravan ke vadh hone par mandodari vilap karate huye kahati hai, "anek yajnoan ka vilop karane vale, dharm vyavasthaoan ko to dane vale, dev-asur aur manushyoan ki kanyaoan ka jahaan-tahaan se haran karane vale! aj too apane in pap karmoan ke karan hi vadh ko prapt hua hai."
- tulasidas ji keval usake ahankar ko hi usaka mukhy avagun batate haian. unhoanne ravan ko bahari taur se ram se shatru bhav rakhate huye hriday se unaka bhakt bataya hai. tulasidas ke anusar ravan sochata hai ki yadi svayan bhagavan ne avatar liya hai to maian jakar unase hath poorvak bair karooanga aur prabhu ke ban ke aghat se pran chho dakar bhav-bandhan se mukt ho jaooanga.
ravan dvara bhagavan shiv ki prarthana
ravan satta ke mad mean mast hokar devataoan, rrishiyoan, yakshoan aur gandharvoan ko vibhinn prakar se kasht dene laga. ek bar usane kuber par chadhaee karake use yuddh mean parajit kar diya aur apani vijay ki smriti ke roop mean kuber ke pushpak viman par apana adhikar kar liya. pushpak viman ka veg man ke saman tivr tha. vah apane oopar baithe hue logoan ko ichchhanusar chhota ya b da roop dharan kar sakata tha. pushpak viman mean mani aur sone ki sidhiyaan bani huee thian aur tapaye huye sone ke asan bane hue the. us viman par baithakar jab vah 'sharavan' nam se prasiddh sarakandoan ke vishal van se hokar ja raha tha to bhagavan shankar ke parshad nandishhvar ne use rokate hue kaha ki dashagriv! is van mean sthit parvat par bhagavan shankar kri da karate haian, isaliye yahaan sabhi sur, asur, yaksh adi ka ana nishiddh kar diya gaya hai. nandishhvar ke vachanoan se kroddhit hokar ravan viman se utarakar bhagavan shankar ki or chala. ravan ko rokane ke liye usase tho di door par hath mean shool liye nandi doosare shiv ki bhaanti kh de ho gaye. unaka mukh vanar jaisa tha. use dekhakar ravan thahake marakar hans p da. isase kupit ho nandi bole ki dashanan! tumane mere vanar roop ki avahelana ki hai, isaliye tumhare kul ka nash karane ke liye mere hi saman parakrami roop aur tej se sampann vanar utpann hoange. ravan ne is or tanik bhi dhyan nahian diya aur bola ki jis parvat ne mere viman ki yatra mean badha dali hai, aj maian usi ko ukha d pheankooanga. yah kahakar usane parvat ke nichale bhag mean hath dalakar use uthane ka prayatn kiya. jab parvat hilane laga to bhagavan shankar ne us parvat ko apane pair ke aangoothe se daba diya. isase ravan ka hath buri tarah se dab gaya aur vah pi da se chillane laga. jab ravan kisi prakar se hath n nikal saka to rot-rote bhagavan shankar ki stuti aur kshama prarthana karane laga. us din se dashagriv dashanan ka nam ravan rakh diya. is par bhagavan shankar ne use kshama kar diya aur usaki prarthana karane par use ek chandrahas namak khadg bhi diya. thumb|250px|ravan ki sone ki lanka
ravan ke das sir
ravan ke das sir hone ki charcha ramayan mean ati hai. vah krishnapaksh ki amavasya ko yuddh ke liye chala tha tatha ek-ek din kramashah ek-ek sir katate haian. is tarah dasavean din arthat shuklapaksh ki dashami ko ravan ka vadh hota hai. ramacharitamanas mean yah bhi varnan ata hai ki jis sir ko ram apane ban se kat dete haian punah usake sthan par doosara sir ubhar ata tha. vichar karane ki bat hai ki kya ek aang ke kat jane par vahaan punah naya aang utpann ho sakata hai? vastutah ravan ke ye sir kritrim the- asuri maya se bane huye. marich ka chaandi ke binduoan se yukt svarn mrig ban jana, ravan ka sita ke samaksh ram ka kata hua sir rakhana adi se siddh hota hai ki rakshas mayavi the. ve anek prakar ke indrajal (jadoo) janate the. to ravan ke das sir aur bis hathoan ko bhi kritrim mana ja sakata hai.
brahma se varadan
ravan ne apane ishtadev brahma se varadan prapt kiya tha. katha ke anusar tapasya ke bal par kuber ko devataoan ka koshadhyaksh hone ka gaurav prapt hua. yah janakar ravan ki mahatvakaanksha jagrat ho gayi. isake bad usane tapasya karane ki than li. ravan ke sath kuanbhakarn aur vibhishan bhi brahma ki tapasya karane ke lie taiyar ho gaye. tinoan ne apani kathor tapasya se brahma ko prasann kar liya. brahma ne ravan se varadan maangane ko kaha. isake bad ravan ne apane liye sadaiv ajar, amar hone ka varadan maanga. isase brahma ji asamanjas mean doob gaye. karan yah tha ki mrityulok mean jisaka janm hua hai, usaka maran sunishchit hai. isake bad usane brahma se yah varadan maanga ki vah keval manushy ke hathoan se mara jaye. jangali jiv se usaki mrityu n ho paye. brahma ne tathastu kah kar ravan ko varadan de diya. isake bad kuanbhakaran ne chhah mah ki niand maangi. vibhishan ne prabhu ki bhakti maangi. sabako man chaha varadan mil gaya. brahma se varadan pane ke bad tinoan ati prasann hue.
ravan aur vedavati
ek din jab ravan himalay ke pradesh mean bhraman kar raha tha, tab usane amit tejasvi brahmarshi kushadhvaj ki kanya vedavati ko tapasya karate dekha. ravan use dekhakar vahian mugdh ho gaya aur usake pas akar usaka parichay liya aur avivahit rahane ka karan poochha. vedavati ne apana parichay dene ke bad bataya ki mere pita vishnu se mera vivah karana chahate the. isase kroddhit hokar meri kamana karane vale daityaraj shambhu ne vishnu ka sote samay vadh kar diya. unaki mrityu par meri mata bhi duahkhi ho gee aur chita mean pravisht ho gee. tab se maian apane pita ki ichchha poori karane ke liye bhagavan vishnu ki tapasya kar rahi hooan. unhian ko maianne apana pati man liya hai. pahale ravan ne vedavati ko batoan mean phusalane ki koshish ki, phir usane jabaradasti karane ke liye usake kesh pak d lie. vedavati ne ravan dvara pak de hue kesh ko kat diya. phir yah kahati huee agni mean pravisht ho gee ki dusht! toone mera apaman kiya hai. is samay to maian yah sharir tyag rahi hooan, parantu tera vinash karane ke lie phir janm looangi. agale janm mean vah ayonija kanya ke roop mean janm lekar kisi dharmatma ki putri bani. vah kanya kamal ke roop mean utpann huee. us sundar kanti vali kamal kanya ko ek din ravan apane mahaloan mean le aya. use dekhakar jyotishiyoan ne kaha ki rajanh! yadi yah kamal kanya apake ghar mean rahi to apake aur apake kul ke vinash ka karan banegi. yah sunakar ravan ne use samudr mean pheank diya. vahaan se vah bhoomi ko prapt hokar raja janak ke yajnamandap ke madhyavarti bhoobhag mean ja pahuanchi. vahaan raja dvara hal se joti jane vali bhoomi se vah kanya phir prapt huee. vahi vedavati sita ke roop mean ram ki pathni bani aur aant mean sita hi ravan ke kul ke vinash ka karan bani.
shuk tatha saran
jab shriram samudr par setu baandhakar lanka pahuanch gaye the, tab ravan ne 'shuk' aur 'saran' namak mantriyoan ko bulakar unase kaha, "he chatur mantriyoan! ab ram ne vanaroan ki sahayata se agadh samudr par setu baandhakar use par kar liya hai aur vah lanka ke dvar par a pahuancha hai. tum donoan vanaroan ka vesh banakar ram ki sena mean pravesh karo aur yah pata lagao ki shatru sena mean kul kitane vanar haian, unake pas astr-shastr kitane aur kis prakar ke haian tatha mukhy-mukhy vanar nayakoan ke nam kya haian." ravan ki ajna pakar donoan kootanitijn mayavi rakshas vanaroan ka vesh banakar vanar sena mean ghus gaye, parantu ve vibhishan ki tikshn drishti se bach n sake. vibhishan ne un donoan ko pak dakar ram ke sammukh karate huye kaha, "he raghav! ye donoan guptachar ravan ke mantri 'shuk' aur 'saran' haian, jo hamare katak mean guptachari karate pak de gaye haian." ram ke samane jakar donoan rakshas thar-thar kaanpate huye bole, "he rajanh! ham rakshasaraj ravan ke sevak haian. unhian ki ajna se apake bal ka pata lagane ke liye aye the. ham unaki ajna ke das haian, isaliye unaka adesh palan karane ke liye vivash haian. rajabhakti ke karan hamean aisa karana p da hai. isamean hamara koee dosh nahian hai." unake ye nishchal vachan sun kar ramachandr bole, "he mantriyoan! ham tumhare saty bhashan se bahut prasann haian. tumane yadi hamari shakti dekh li hai, to jao. yadi abhi kuchh aur dekhana shesh ho to bhali-bhaanti dekh lo. ham tumhean koee dand nahian deange. ary log shastrahin vyakti par var nahian karate. at: tum apana kary poora karake nirbhay ho lanka ko laut jao. tum sadharan guptachar nahian, ravan ke mantri ho. isaliye usase kahana, jis bal ke bharose par tumane meri sita ka haran kiya hai, us bal ka parichay apane bhaiyoan, putroan tatha sena ke sath hamean ranabhoomi mean dena. kal sooryoday hote hi andhakar ki bhaanti tumhari sena ka vinash bhi arambh ho jayega."[1]
ravan ke putr
lankapati ravan ke sat putroan ka ullekh milata hai jo nimnalikhit haian-[2]
shivatandavastotramh
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jatatavi-galajjal-pravah-pavit-sthale jata-kata-hasan-bhram bhramanni-limp-nirjhari- dhara-dharendr-nandini vilas-bandhu-bandhur jata-bhujang-pingal-sphuratphana-mani prabha sahasr lochan prabhrity-shesh-lekh-shekhar lalat-chatvar-jvaladdhananjay-sphulingabha- karal-bhal-pattika-dhagaddhagaddhag-jjval navin-megh-mandali-niruddh-durdhar-sphurath praphull-nilapankaj-prapanch-kalimaprabha- akharv sarv-mang-lakala-kadanbamanjari jayatv-dabhr-vibhr-m-bhramadbhujang-mashvas- drish-dvichitr-talpayorbhujang-maukti-kasrajorh kada nilimp-nirjharinikunj-kotare vasanh idamh hi nity-mev-muktamuttamottaman stavan poojavasanasamaye dashavaktragitan yah |
vithika
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ yuddhakand-2, setubandhan (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 18 aktoobar, 2013.
- ↑ How many sons Ravana had? (aangrezi) speakingtree. abhigaman tithi: 10 agast, 2016.
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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