आकाशीय रज्जुमार्ग

akashiy rajjumarg ooanchi-nichi, parvatiy athava pankil bhoomi ko par kar niyat sthan par samagri pahuanchane ke lie rajjumarg (eeeriyal ropavez) advitiy sadhan hai. karakhanoan tatha banate hue baandhoan mean ek sthan se doosare sthan par kachcha saman le jane ke lie inaka bahut upayog hota hai.

rajjumarg do prakar ke hote haian: ekal rajju (mono kebul) tatha dvirajju (baikebul). pratham mean ek hi achhor rajju hoti hai jo anavarat chalati rahati hai. yah apane sath khali ya bhare hue doloan (baltiyoan) ko apane gantavy sthan par le jati hai. e dol rajju mean apane vahak ke sath bandhe rahate haian (dr. chitr 1).

chitr k mean ispat ka ek kankal ya attalak dikhaya gaya hai. isi par rajju tiki rahati hai, jisamean dol apane vahak sahit kathi ke phaansoan (saidil klips) dvara bandha rahata hai. rajju nirantar chalati rahati hai aur apane sath doloan ko bhi lie chalati hai.

rajjumarg ke donoan chhoroan par ghoomati huee ghiraniyaan rahati haian, jinapar rajju chadhi rahati hai. chitr kh mean ladane ka sthan dikhaya gaya hai. pratyek chhor par ek apanayan patari (shant rel) rahati hai, jisapar bhar ladane ya khali karane ke lie dol chadh jata hai. kam poora ho jane par dol ko phir rajju par thel diya jata hai. apanayan patari tatha rajju ki sthiti mean is prakar ka prabandh rahata hai ki dol ko ek se doosare par bhejane mean b di sugamata hoti hai aur rajju par ranch matr bhi jhataka nahian p data; yah rajju ke tikaoo (dirghajivi) hone ke lie bahut avashyak hai.

chitr g-gh mean dol, vahak, apanayan patariyoan par chalanevale pahiyoan aur kathi ki phaans ke (jo rassi pak dati hai) do drishy dikhae ge haian. vahak se dol is prakar sanbaddh rahata hai ki bojh ladane ya khali karanevale chhor par vah saralata se ulata ja sake.

yadi rajjumarg adhik lanba hota hai to pratyek tin ya char mil par vibhajak steshan bana diya jata hai, jahaan dol pahali rajjupranali ko chho d dete haian aur unake pahie sthir patariyoan par chadh jate haian. tab ve doosare bhag ki rajju par chadhane ke lie age ki or thel die jate haian.

yadi rajjumarg mean dishaparivartan ki avashyakata p dati hai to parivartan ke sthan par ek plaitapharm bana diya jata hai jisamean do kshaitij (h aaurij aauntal) ghiraniyaan rahati haian. rajju in ghiraniyoan par se hokar jati hai aur saralata se usaki disha badal jati hai.

rajju ka chunav: rajju ispat ke taroan ko batakar bani rahati hai. usake chunav mean nimnalikhit batoan ka dhyan rakhana avashyak hai: (1) ek-ek dol mean kitana bojh ladega. (2) bojh ladane tatha utarane ke lie kitana samay milega aur (3) rajjumarg ka veg kitana rahega. inhian batoan par vichar karake rajjumarg ki karyakshamata niyat ki jati hai, arthath‌ yah sthir kiya jata hai ki prati ghanta kitana bojh vahan ho sakega. pray: bojh ladane ka samay bis se tis sekand tak hi hota hai. avashyakatanusar ek ya isase adhik dol ek sath bhare ja sakate haian. rajju ka veg rajjumarg ki dhal par bhi nirbhar rahata hai. sadharanataya isaki chal do se paanch mil prati ghanta rakhi jati hai, kiantu yah sat mil prati ghanta tak bhi ki ja sakati hai. parantu smaran rakhana chahie ki gati mean jitani tivrata hogi utani hi adhik isamean parivartan ke jhatake lagane ki bhi sanbhavana rahegi. atev adhik doori tatha adhik kshamata ke lie dvirajjupranali ka hi upayog uchit hota hai.

is prakar rajju ki motaee kramagat attalakoan ke bich ki doori, unake bich ki rajju par ek sath honevale adhikatam bojh ki matra aur prati ianch motaee ke anusar rajju ki majabooti par nirbhar hai. motaee mean rajju ½ se1½ tak ke vyas ki hoti hai. rajju pahale itani hi tani jati hai ki vitasti (spain, arthath‌ ek attalika se kramagat attalika tak ki doori) ke keandr par usaki nati adhik se adhik vitasti ki 1/20 ho. isalie achal bojh, vayu ki dab, jhatakoan aur kanpanoan ke prabhav adi, ko dhyan mean rakhakar hi rajjumarg ka aantim roop nishchit kiya jata hai. achal bhar, dab adi ko kul bhar ka 25 pratishat man liya ja sakata hai.

avashyak shakti-rajju ko poorvanishchit gati ke anusar chalane ke lie ianjan ki avashyakata hoti hai aur usaki shakti rajju ki dhal (gradieant) par nirbhar hai. kabhi-kabhi mal ladane ka steshan utaranevale steshan ki apeksha itani adhik ooanchaee par hota hai ki gurutvakarshan ke karan lade hue dol n keval svayan niche utarate haian, varanh‌ unase utpann phalatoo shakti any karyoan mean bhi sahayak ho sakati hai. sadharan anuman ke lie itana kaha ja sakata hai ki bojh ladane aur utarane ke steshanoan par gharshan ke karan char se paanch ashvasamarthy (h aaurs pavar) tak ki avashyakata ho sakati hai. attalikoan par aur rajju par ke gharshan ke lie sa´l/12 ashvasamarthy chahie, jahaan sa prati ghanta prati tan mean rajjumarg ki kshamata hai aur l marg ki lanbaee miloan mean hai. sanchalak chakroan mean bhi kuchh shakti ka hras hota hai, jo poorvoankt gharshan ke 25 pratishat ke lagabhag ho sakata hai.

attalikaoan ke nirman mean inaki kramik doori ke sath any batoan ka dhyan rakhna p data hai, jaise (1) sthayi bhar, (2) attalika, rajjoo aur dol par vayu ki dab, (3) niche ki disha mean rajju ke tanav ka vighatit aansh (riz aaulvd part), (4) attalika ki ghirani ke phans jane par, ek or ki rajju par bojh aur doosari or kuchh n rahane se, donoan or ki rajjuoan ke kshaitij tanavoan mean aantar or (5) ek or ki rajju toot jane par atritalika par kshaitij tanav aur aianthan ghoorn (tarshanalamomeant). akashiy rajju marg

k. attalak; rajju aur dol, karyakaran sthiti mean; kh. ladane ka sthan: 1. gatiman rajju; 2. ghoomati huee ghirani;

3. apanayan patari (shant rel); g. dol (parshv drishy); 4. apanayan patari par chalanevala pahiya; 5. rassi;

gh. dol (sanmukh drishy); 6. gatiman rajju; 7. dol latakane ka kankal; n dvi-rajju; 8. sthar rajju;

9. gatiman rajju.

dvirajjupranali-dohari rajjupranali mean ek margadarshi rajju (traik rop) rahati hai, jo dolavahakoan ka bojh sanbhalati hai aur unhean thik marg se vichalit nahian hone deti. doosari rajju chalati rahati hai aur vahi doloan ko ghasit le chalati hai, jaisa chitr n mean dikhaya gaya hai.

ghasitanevali rajju thik usi prakar ki hoti hai jaisi ekal-rajju-pranali mean. in donoan pranaliyoan mean kaun si pranali chunani chahie, yah batana bahut kathin hai. dvirajjupranali mean aranbh mean adhik kharch avashy baithata hai, par adhik doori tak tatha adhik dhal par adhik bojh ke yatayat ke lie yahi pranali adhik upayukt thaharati hai. ekal--rajju--pranali adhik saral hai aur halke tatha asthayi kamoan ke lie avashy hi apekshakrit sasti hai.

relamarg ki apeksha suvidhaean-parvatiy pradeshoan mean relamargoan mean adhik se adhik tin pratishat dhal rakhi ja sakati hai, parantu rajjumarg 40 pratishat dhal tak par kam kar sakata hai. yadi kisi parvatiy pradesh mean do bianduoan ke taloan ka aantar 2,640 phut hai aur ve ek doosare se do mil par haian to do mil ke hi rajjumarg se kam chal jaega; parantu 2 pratishat ki dhal ke relamarg ki lanbaee 20 mil rakhani p degi. phir, rel ke lie marg ke bih d naloan ko par karane aur sthan-sthan par pul, tatabandh tatha pushtavan banane ki kathinaiyaan bhi atyadhik ho sakati haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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