उत्तराधिकार अधिनियम

sanpatti ke svami ki mrityu ke uparaant, usake dvara kisi danapatr (hibba) ya vasiyatanama ne sanpadit karane ki sthiti mean, usaki santan ya sanbandhi dvara svamitv adhikar prapt kar sthanapann hona hi uttaradhikar hai. aangl bhasha mean ise 'sekseshan' kahate haian jisake samakaksh aangreji shabd 'inheritens' (janm grahan karane ke sath-sath paitrik sanpatti par uttaradhikar prapt karana) isi uttaradhikar shabd ka paryayavachi shabd hai.

atit kal se bharat mean hiandoo evan musalaman adi dharmavalanbiyoan ka uttaradhikar niyam v kanoon in dharmoan ka apani vishesh vyavastha se shasit hota raha. british shasan ne bharatiy uttaradhikar adhiniyam sanh‌ 1865 ee. evan aj lagoo vahi adhiniyam sanh‌ 1925 ee. mean parit karake sanpoorn bharat mean, kuchh vishesh avashyak evan pramukh muddoan par sabhi dharmavalanbiyoan, jaise hiandoo, musalaman, eesaee adi ko ek saman evan saral kanoon se shasit kar diya jisake aantargat vasiyatanama, uttaradhikar sartiphiket, shasanapatr adi anyany vyavasthaoan ka vishad pravadhan hai. parantu is adhiniyam ke bahar ke sabhi uttaradhikar sanbandhi prashn har dharm ki apani-apani vyavastha se shasit hote rahe haian.

ved, shastr par adharit hiandoo kanoon mean sanyukt avibhakt hiandoo parivar ki moortimanh‌ vyavastha, jo sanpatti svamitv ke sath-sath bhojan evan pooja path ko bhi sanyukt evan avibhakt roop mean svikar karati hai, hiandoo kanoon ka avichal sopan hai jisaki samayaantar par jimootavahan ne matr bangal ke lie dayabhag niyam evan vijnaneshvar ne shesh bharat ke lie mitakshara niyamoan mean vargikrit kar diya. atal roodhiyoan se vyapt is sanyukt avibhakt hiandoo parivar ke durooh niyamoan ko sanh‌ 1937 ee. ke hiandoo-nari-sanpatti-adhikar adhiniyam ne j d se hila diya evan hiandoo nari ko usake pati ki mrityu ke bad svamitv adhikar par sthanapann kar diya. parinamasvaroop jagarookata ki dhara pravahit huee evan samichin hiandoo kod ki maang ki. isi se prerit rav-kameti ne sanh‌ 1944 ee. mean hiandoo kod ka brihadh masavida bharat sarakar ko samarpit kiya. isi masavide se bharatiy sansadh ne kee charanoan evan bhagoan mean kee adhiniyam parit kie. hiandoo uttaradhikar adhiniyam (25, sanh‌ 1956 ee.) ne sanpoorn bharat mean anyany hiandoo jati ko ek saman evan saral pravadhan dvara uttaradhikar ka poorn kanoon pradan kiya hai. yah adhiniyam dinaank 17 joon, sanh‌ 1956 se lagoo hokar kee mahatvapoorn evan adhunikatam pravadhan sashakt roop se samane rakhata hai. ab samanata evan ekaroopata ki dhara uttaradhikar mean pravahit hai. paitrik ya svagrihit sanpatti mean l daka, l daki, vidhava tatha maan ka adhikar evan bhag saman ho gaya hai. stri ke sanpatti sanbandhi simit adhikar ko poorn evan asimit roop pradan kar diya gaya hai.

parantu krishi yogy bhoomi ki babat har pradesh mean alag-alag bhoomisudhar evan kashtakari adhiniyam sanpoorn bharat mean lagoo haian jinamean krishi yogy bhoomi adi ke uttaradhikar ka vishesh pravadhan pradatt hai. parinamasvaroop krishi yogy bhoomi in pradeshiy bhoomi sudhar evan kashtakari adhiniyamoan mean pradatt uttaradhikar pravadhanoan se hi shasit hoti hai. is vishay mean hiandoo uttaradhikar adhiniyam, 1956, lagoo nahian hota hai. krishi yogy bhoomi sanbandhi in adhiniyamoan mean dharm, jati ya varg ka koee sthan n hokar har bharatiy nagarik ka saman uttaradhikar pravadhan pradatt hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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