प्रायश्चित्त
vaidik granthoan mean prayashchitti aur prayashchitt donoan shabd ek hi arth mean paye jate haian. inase papamochan ke lie dharmik krity athava tap karane ka bodh hota hai.
paravarti sahity
- paravarti sahity mean 'prayashchitt' shabd hi adhik prachalit hai. isaki kee vyutpattiyaan bataee gee haian. nibandhakaroan ne isaka vyutpattigat arth 'pray: (=tap), chitt' (dridh sankalp) arthath tap karane ka dridh sankalp kiya hai.
- yajnavalkyasmriti (3.206) ki balambhatti tika mean ek shlokarddh udadhrit hai, jisake anusar is shabd ki vyutpatti 'pray:=pap, chitt=shuddhi' arthath pap ki shuddhi ki gee hai.[1]
- parasharamadhaviy (2.1.3) mean ek smriti ke adhar par kaha gaya hai ki prayashchit vah kriya hai, jisake dvara anutap karane vale papi ka chitt manasik asantulan se (prayash:) mukt kiya jata hai. prayashchit naimittikiy krity hai, kintu isamean papamochan ki kamana karta mean hoti hai, jisase yah kamy bhi kaha ja sakata hai.
prakar
pap aichchhik aur anaichchhik do prakar ke hote haian, isalie dharmashastr mean is bat par vichar kiya gaya hai ki donoan prakar ke papoan mean prayashchit karana avashyak hai ya nahian. ek mat hai ki keval anaichchhik pap prayashchit se door hote haian aur unhian ko door karane ke lie prayashchitt karana chahie; aichchhik papoan ka phal to bhogana hi p data hai. unaka mochan prayashchit se nahian hota.[2]
doosare mat ke anusar donoan prakar ke papoan ke lie prayashchit karana chahie; bhale hi paralaukik phalabhog (narakadi) manushy ko apane dushkarm ke karan bhogana p de. prayashchit ke dvara vah samajik sampark ke yogy ho jata hai.[3]
dharmashastr
kuchh bahut se aise aparadh haian, jinake lie rajadand aur prayashchit donoan ka vidhan dharmashastroan mean paya jata hai. jaise- hatya, chori, sapind se yonisambangh, dhokha adi. isaka karan yah hai ki rajadand se manushy ke sharirik karyoan par niyantran hota hai, kintu usaki manasik shuddhi nahian hoti aur vah samajik sampark ke yogy nahian banata. at: dharmashastr mean prayashchit bhi avashyak batalaya gaya hai. prayashchit ka vidhan karate samay is bat par vichar kiya gaya hai ki pap athava aparadh kamat: (ichchha se) kiya gaya hai athav anichchha se (akamat:); pratham aparadh hai athava punaravritt. sath hi paristhiti, samay, sthan, varn, vay, shakti, vidya, dhan adi par bhi vichar kiya gaya hai. yadi parishad dvara vihit prayashchit ki avahelana koee vyakti karata tha to use rajy dand deta tha. ab dharmashastr, parishad aur jati sabhi ke prabhav uthate ja rahe haian, kuchh dharmik parivaroan ko chho dakar prayashchit nahian karata. prayashchit ke oopar dharmashastr ka bahut b da sahity hai. smritiyoan ke mote taur par tin vibhag haian-
- achar
- vyavahar
- prayashchit.
isake atirikt bahut se nibandh granth aur paddhatiyaan bhi prayashchitoan par likhi geean haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- pustak hindoo dharm kosh se pej sankhya 430-431 | d aau. rajabali pandey |uttar pradesh hindi sansthan (hindi samiti prabhag) |rajarshi purushottamadas tandan hindi bhavan mahatma gaandhi marg, lakhanoo