अभिलेखागार

abhilekhagar sarvajanik athava vaiyaktik, rajakiy athava any sanstha sanbandhi abhilekhoan, manachitroan, pustakoan adi ka vyavasthit nikay aur usaka sanrakshagar. adhikatar ye abhilekh rajyoan, samrajyoan, svatantr nagaroan, sansthaoan athava vishisht vyaktiyoan dvara mahatvapoorn karyoan ke sanpadan ke lie prastut kie jate rahe haian, kalaantar mean jinhean aitihasik mahatv pradan kar diya hai. prashasan ki ghoshanaean, pharman, sanvidhanoan ki mool pratiyaan, sandhiyoan sulahanamoan ke ahadanamean, rashtroan ke parasparik sanbandhoan ke man aur simaoan ke ullekh adi sabhi prakar ke abhilekh is shreni mean ate haian aur rashtriy athava aantarrashtriy abhilekhagaroan mean sanrakshit aur surakshit kie jate haian. pahale inaka upayog pray: sanbandhit sansthaoan ka niji tha, par ab ye aitihasik adhyayan ke lie prayukt athava vadaprativadoan ke sandarbhamean bhi praman ke lie upasthit kie ja sakate haian. sandhiyaan to rashtroan ko apane poorvavyavaharoan or ahadanamoan ke anukool acharan karane ko badhy karati haian.

abhilekhagar athava abhilekh nikay ki rashtriy athava prashasan vibhagiy vyavastha ni:sandeh adhunik he jo vastut: niyojit roop mean phraansisi rajyakraanti ke bad aur mukhyat: usake parinamasvaroop sangathit huee hai. kiantu abhilekhagaroan ki sanstha prachin kal mean bhi sarvatha anajani n thi. eesa se saik doan sal pahale rajaoan, samratoan ki digvijayoan, rajakiy prashasakiy ghoshanaoan, pharmanoan, parasparik acharan vyavaharoan ke sanbandh mean jo unake abhilekh mandiroan, makabaroan ki divaroan, shilaoan, stanbhoan, tamrapatroan adi par khude milate haian ve bhi abhilekhagar ki vyavastha ki or sanket karate haian. is prakar ke mahatv ke abhilekh prachin kal mean khoj mean abhiruchi rakhanevale anek puravid samratoan dvara ekatr kar unake abhilekhagaroan mean sadiyoan, sahasrabdiyoan sanrakshit rahe haian. eesa se pahale satavian sadi (638-33ee.poo.) mean samrath asurabanipal ne apani rajadhani nineve mean lakhoan eetoan par kilanuma aksharoan mean khude abhilekhoan ko ekatr kar apana itihasaprasiddh abhilekhagar sangathit kiya tha jisaki sanprapti aur adhyayan se prachin jagath‌ ke itihas par prabhoot prakash p da hai. isi abhilekhagar mean pray: tritiy sahasrabdi ee.poo. mean likhe sansar ke pahale mahakavy 'gilgamesh' ki mool prati upalabdh huee hai. khatti rani ka misr ke faraoon ke sath yuddhavirodhi patravyavahar aj bhi upalabdh hai jo prachinatam sanrakshit abhilekh ke roop mean purakalin aantarrashtriy sanbandh ka praman prastut karata hai aur ee.poo.l. dvitiy sahasrabdi ke madhy ka hai.

abhilekhoan ke rashtriy abhilekhagaroan mean adhunik dhang se prashasakiy sanrakshan ki vyavastha pahali bar phraansisi rajyakraanti ke samay huee jab phraans mean (1)rashtriy aur (2) vibhagiy ('natsion' tatha 'dapartamaan') abhilekhagar (arkiv) kramash: 1789 aur 1796 mean sangathit hue. bad mean isi sangathan ke adhar par beljiyam, halaiand, prasha, ianglaiand adi ne bhi apane apane abhilekhagar vyavasthit kie. ianglaiand aur british rashtrasangh mean abhilekhoan aur abhilekhoan aur abhilekhagaroan ki lakshanik sanjna 'rekard' tatha 'rekard afis' hai.

ianglaiand ne 1838 mean aikt banakar desh ke vividh svatantr abhilekhasangrahoan ka keandrikaran kar unako landan mean ekatr kar diya. is disha mean visheshat: do prakar ki vyavastha vividh rashtroan mean prachalit hai. kuchh ne to sare pradeshiy abhilekhagaroan ke abhilekhoan ko rajadhani mean surakshit kar unhean band kar diya hai. aur kuchh ne keandrikaran ki niti apanakar sthaniy drishti se mahatvoorn adhyayan aur upayog ke nimitt abhilekhoan ko yathasthan pradesh mean bhej diya hai. isake atirikt unhoanne aise keandriy abhilekhoan ko bhi pradesh mean bhej diya hai jinaka sanbandh un pradeshoan ke itihas, rajaniti ya vyaparavyavastha se raha hai. kuchh rashtroan ne ek tisari niti apanakar keandr aur pradeshoan ke abhilekhagaroan mean tatsanbandhi mahatv ki drishti se abhilekhoan ko baantakar surakshit kiya hai. anek abhilekhoan ki pratilipiyaan banakar yathavashyak sthanoan mean rakhane ki vyavastha hai. yah vyavastha visheshakar do athava adhik rashtroan ke parasparik vyavahar sanbandhi abhilekhoan ki raksha ke lie hoti hai. is sanbandh mean aantarrashtriy abhilekhagar bhi sangathit kie ge haian.

british shasanakal mean bharat mean bhi mahatv ke 'rekard' sangrihit aur sanrakshit karane ki yojana svikrit huee aur aj is desh mean bhi rashtriy abhilekhagar dilli mean sangathit hai.

desh vibhajan ke bad jin abhilekhoan ka sanbandh bharat aur pakistan donoan se hai unaki pratilipiyaan pakistan ne banava li haian. vistrit vivaran ke lie dekhie 'abhilekhalay'.

abhilekhagaroan ki vyavastha aur abhilekhoan ki suraksha vishesh vidhi se ki jati hai. isake lie sarvatr visheshajn niyukt haian. abhilekhoan ka niyaman, unaka vibhajan aur vargikaran aj ek vishisht vijnan hi ban gaya hai. is disha mean amariki sanyukt rajy ne vishesh pragati ki hai. rajy athava sanstha abhilekhoan ki suraksha ki uttaradayi hoti hai. adhyayanadi ke lie unake uttarottar sarvajanik upayog ki vyavastha adhunik abhilekhagar aandolan ka pradhan lakshy hai.

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