अस्पताल

aspatal ya chikitsalay tatha aushadhalay manav sabhyata ke adikal se hi banate chale ae haian. ved aur puranoan ke anusar svayan bhagavan ne pratham chikitsak ke roop mean avatar liya tha. 5,000 varsh ya isase bhi prachin itihas mean chikitsalayoan ke praman milate haian, jinamean chikitsak tatha shalyakovid (sarjan) kam karate the. ye chikitsak tatha sarjan rogiyoan ko rogamukt karane aur unake artinashan tatha manavata ki jnanavriddhi ke bhavoan se prerit hokar svayansevak ki bhaanti apane karm mean pravritt rahate the. jyoan - jyoan sabhyata tatha janasankhya badhati gee tyoan tyoan susajjit chikitsalayoan tatha susangathit chikitsa vibhag ki avashyakata bhi pratit hone lagi. atev aise chikitsalay sarakar tatha sevabhav se prerit janasamuday ki or se khole jane ka praman itihas mean milata hai. hamare desh mean door - door ke gaanvoan mean bhi koee n koee aisa vyakti hota tha, chahe vah ashikshit hi ho, jo rogiyoan ko dava deta aur unaki chikitsa, karata tha. isake pashchath‌ adhunik samay mean tahasil tatha jiloan ke aspatal bane jahaan aantarang (inador) aur bahirang (autador) vibhagoan ka prabandh kiya gaya. ajakal b de b de nagaroan meanaspatal banae ge haian, jinamean bhinn - bhinn chikitsa vibhagoan ke lie visheshajn niyukt kie ge haian. pratyek ayurvijnan (medikal) shikshan sanstha ke sath b de b de aspatal sanbaddh haian aur pratyek vibhag ek visheshajn ke adhin haian, jo kalej mean us vishay ka shikshak bhi hota hai. ajakal yah prayatn kiya ja raha hai ki gaanvoan mean bhi pratyek paanch mil ke kshetr mean chikitsa ka ek keandr avashy ho.

avashyakataean

adhunik aspatal ki avashyakataean atyant vishisht ho gee haian aur unaki yojana banana bhi ek vishisht kaushal ya vidya hai. pratyek aspatal ka ek bahirang vibhag aur ek aantarang vibhag hota hai, jinaka nirman vahaan ki janata ki avashyakataoan ke anusar kiya jata hai.

bahirang vibhag

bahirang vibhag mean keval bahar ke rogiyoan ki chikitsa ki jati hai. ve aushadhi lekar ya maraham patti karavakar apane ghar chale jate haian. is vibhag mean rogi ke rahane ka prabandh nahian hota. yah vibhag nagar ke bich mean hona chahie jahaan janata ka pahuanchana sugam ho. isake sath hi ek apat (imarajeansi) vibhag bhi hona chahie jahaan apadgrast rogiyoan ka, kam se kam, prathamopachar turant kiya ja sake. adhunik aspataloan mean is vibhag ke bich mean ek b da kamara, jisamean rogi pratiksha kar sake, banaya jata hai. usamean ek or 'poochhatachh' ka sthan rahata hai aur doosari aur abhyarthak (risepshanist) ka karyalay, jahaan rogi ka nam, pata adi likha jata hai aur jahaan se rogi ko upayukt vibhag mean bheja jata hai. abhyarthak ka vibhag uttam prakar se, sab suvidhaoan se yukt, banaya jae tatha usamean karmachariyoan ki paryapt sankhya ho, jo rogi ko upayukt vibhag mean pahuanchaean tatha usaki any sab prakar ki sahayata karean. bahirang vibhag mean nimnalikhit anuvibhag hone chahie: 1.chikitsa, 2. shaly, 3. vyadhiki (paith aauloji), 4. strirog, 5. vikalaang (aaurthopidik), 6. shalaky (iyar - noz - hthraot), 7. netr, 8. dant, 9. kshayarog, 10. charm aur ratijarog 11.balarog (pidiyetriks)aur 12. apatti anuvibhag. pratyek anuvibhag mean ek visheshajn, usaka haus - sarjan, ek klark, ek pravidhijn (tekanishiyan), ek kaksh - bal - sevak (vard - b aauy) aur ek ardali hona chahie. pratyek anuvibhag nidanavishesh tatha chikitsavishesh ke avashyak yantroan aur upakaranoan se susajjit hona chahie. vyadhiki vibhag ki prayogashala mean nityaprati ki parikshaoan ke sab upakaran hone chahie, jisase sadharan avashyak parikshaean karake nidan mean sahayata ki ja sake. vishesh parikshaoan tatha visheshajnoan dvara pariksha kie jane ke pashchath‌ hi rog ka nidan ho sakata hai. aur rog nishchit ho jane ke pashchath‌ hi rog ka nidan ho sakata hai aur rog nishchit ho jane ke pashchat hi chikitsa praranbh hoti hai. atev rogi ko adhik samay tak pratiksha karani p dati hai. phalat: usake baithane tatha usaki any suvidhaoan ka uchit prabandh hona chahie.

chikitsa

chikitsa sanbandhi kary do bhagoan mean vibhakt kie ja sakate haian: (1) nusakhe ke anusar oshadhi dekar rogi ke vida karana, aur (2) sadharan shastrakarm, udvartan, tapachikitsa adi ka ayojan karana. is karan pratyek bahirang vibhag mean utam, susajjit, kushal sahayakoan tatha narso se yukt ek apareshan thiyatar hona chahie. uddhartanh‌, any bhautikichikitsa - prakriyaoan tatha prakash - chikitsaoan ke lie unake upayukt vibhagoan ko uchit prabandh hona chahie. isase aantarang vibhag se rogi ko shighr nirog karake mukt kiya ja sakega aur vahaan visham rogiyoan ki chikitsa ke lie adhik sthan aur samay upalabdh hoga.

apadh - anuvibhag - bahirang vibhag ka ek avashyak aang apadhanuvibhag hai. isamean aharnish 24 ghante kam karane ke lie karmachariyoan ki niyukti honi chahie. nivasi sarjan (rezideant - sarjan), nars, ardali, balasevak, mehatar adi itani sankhya mean niyukt kie jaean ki chaubisoan ghante rogi ko unaki seva upalabdh ho sake. is vibhag mean sankshobh (sh aauk) ki chikitsa vishesh roop se karani hogi. is karan is chikitsa ke lie sab prakar ke avashyak upakaranoan tatha aushadhiyoan se yah vibhag susajjit hona chahie. isaki tatparata tatha dakshata par hi rogi ka jivan nirbhar rahata hai. atev yahaan ke karmachari apane kary mean nipun hoan, tatha sabhi prakar ki vyavastha yahaan ati uttam honi chahie. glookoz, plajma, rakt, tapachikitsa ke yantr, uttejak aushadhiyaan, ianjekshan adi paryapt matra mean upalabdh hone chahie. yahaan eks - ai ka ek chalayantr (mobail plaant) bhi hona chahie, jisase asthibhang, asthi aur sandhi sanbandhi vikritiyaan phuphphus ke ro g ya hriday ki dasha dekhakar rog ka nishchay kiya ja sake. yantroan tatha vastroan adi ke visankraman ke lie bhi poorn prabandh hona avashyak hai. yadi yah vibhag kisi shikshasanstha ke adhin ho to vahaan ek vyakhyan ya pradarshan ka kamara hona avashyak hai, jo itana b da ho ki samast vidyarthi vahaan ek sath baith sakean. shikshakoan ke vishram ke nimitt tatha shikshasamagri rakhane aur ratri mean kam karanevale karmachariyoan ke lie bhi alag kamare hoan. sare vibhag mean uddhavan paddhati dvara shodhit honevale shauchasthan hone chahie. aise shauchasthanoan ka karmachariyoan tatha rogiyoan ke lie prithakh‌ prithakh‌ hona avashyak hai.

is vibhag ka sangathan karate samay vahaan honevale kary, karyakartaoan ki sankhya, pratyek anuvibhag mean chikitsarthi rogiyoan ki sankhya, unaki sharirik avashyakataean tatha bhavishy mean hone vale anumit vistar, in sab batoan ka poorn dhyan rakhana avashyak hai. pratidin ka anubhav hai ki jis bhavan ka aj nirman kiya jata hai vah tho de hi samay mean karyadhiky ke karan aparyapt ho jata hai. pahale se hi isaka vichar kar lena uchit hai.

oopar jo kuchh kaha gaya hai usase spasht hai ki bahirang vibhag mean bahut adhik vyay karana p data hai. adhunik samay mean chikitsa ka siddhaant hi yah hai ki koee chahe kitana hi nidhan kyoan n ho, use uttam se uttam chikitsa ke ayojanoan tatha oshadhiyoan se apani nirdhanata ke karan vanchit n hona p de. is uddeshy ki poorti ke lie kitane dhan ki avashyakata hai isaka sahaj hi anuman kiya ja sakata hai. sarakar, deshapremi aur shrisanpann vyaktiyoan ki sahayata se is uddeshy ki poorti asanbhav n honi chahie.

aantarang vibhag - aantarang vibhag mean visham rogoan tatha rogi ki avastha ko dekhakar chikitsa karane ka prabandh hota hai. praant, nagar ya kshetr ki avashyakataoan or vahaan upalabdh arthik sahayata ke anusar hi chhote ya b de vibhag banae jate haian. tho de (das ya barah) rogiyoan se lekar sahasr rogiyoan ko rakhane tak ke aantarang vibhag banae jate haian. yah sab paryapt dhanarashi or karmachariyoan ki upalabdhi par nirbhar hai. bahut bar dhan upalabdh hone par bhi upayukt karmachari nahian milate. hamare desh aur uttar pradesh mean upacharikaoan (narsoan) ki itani kami hai ki kitane hi aspatal khali p de haian. isaka karan hai madhyam shreni ke parivaroan ki upachar vyavastha mean aruchi. kuchh samajik karanoan se upacharikaoan ko bahut achchhi drishti se nahian dekha jata; yah nitaant bhramamoolak hai. janata ki aisi dharanaoan mean tanik bhi auchity nahian hai.

aantarang vibhag mean bharti kie jane ke pashchath‌ rogi ki vyavasthaoan ka poorn anveshan visheshajn apane sahayakoan tatha vyadhiki prayogashala, eks - re vibhag adi ke sahayog se karata hai. is karan in vibhagoan ko navinatam upakaranoan se susajjit rakhana avashyak hai. shaly vibhag ke lie isaka mahatv vishesh roop se adhik hai jahaan karmachariyoan ka daksh hona aur unamean parasparik sahayog saphalata ke lie anivary hai. kaksh - bal - sevak se lekar visheshajn sarjan tak sabake sahayog ki avashyakata hai. keval ek nars ki asavadhani se sara shastrakarm asaphal ho sakata hai. eks - re tatha uttam apareshan thietar is vibhag ke atyant avashyak aang haian.

utam upachar sari sanstha ki saphalata ki kuanji hai; isi se aspatal ka nam ya badanami hoti hai. aspatal tatha adhunik chikitsapaddhati ka vishesh mahatvashali aang upacharikaean haian. is karan uttam shikshit upacharikaoan ko taiyar karane ki ayojana sarakar ki or se ki gee hai.

aspatal ka nirman - adhunik aspataloan ka nirman ianjiniyariang ki ek vishesh kala ban gee hai. aspataloan ke nirman ke lie rajy ke medikal vibhag ne adarsh manachitr (plan) bana die haian, jinamean aspatal ki vishesh avashyakataoan aur suvidhaoan ka dhyan rakha gaya hai. sab prakar ke chhote - b de aspataloan ke lie upayukt nakashe taiyar kar die ge haian jinake anusar apekshit vistar ke aspatal banae ja sakate haian.

aspatal banane ke poorv yah bhali - bhaanti samajh lena uchit hai ki aspatal kharch karanevali sanstha hai, dhanoparjan karanevali nahian. adhunik aspatal banane ke lie aranbh mean hi ek b di dhanarashi ki avashyakata p dati haian; use niyamit roop se chalane ka kharch usase bhi b da prashn hai. bina isaka prabandh kie aspatal banana bhool hai. dhan ki kami ke karan age chalakar bahut kathinaee hoti hai aur aspatal ka nimnalikhit uddeshy poora nahian ho sakata:

natvahan kamaye rajyan n svarg napunarbhavamh‌.

kamaye du:khataptanamh‌ praninamartinashanamh‌..

hamara desh ati vistrit tatha usaki janasankhya atyadhik hai. usi prakar yahaan chikitsa sanbandhi prashn bhi utane hi vistrit aur jatil haian. phir janata ki nirdhanata tatha shiksha ki kami is prashn ko aur bhi jatil kar deti hai. is karan chikitsaprabandh ki avashyakataoan ke adhyayan ke lie sarakar ki or se kee bar kametiyaan niyukt ki gee haian. bhor kameti ne jo sipharishean ki haian anake anusar pratyek 10 se 12 sahasr janasankhya ke lie 75 rogiyoan ko rakhane yogy ek aisa aspatal hona chahie jisamean chhah daktar aur chhah upacharikaean tatha any karmachari niyukt hoan. yah prathamik aang kahalaega. aise 20 prathamik aangoan par ek madhyamik aang bhi avashyak hai. yahaan ke aspatal mean 1,000 aantarang rogiyoan ko rakhane ka prabandh ho. yahaan pratyek chikitsashakha ke visheshajn niyukt hoan tatha paricharikaean aur any karmachari bhi hoan. eks - re, rajayakshma, sarjari, chikitsa, vyadhiki, prasooti, asthichikitsa adi sab vibhag prithak - prithak hoan. madhyamik aang se pare or usase b da, keandriy ya jile ka vibhag ya aang ho, jahaan un sab prakar ki chikitsaoan ka prabandh ho, jinaka prabandh madhyamik ag ke aspatal mean n ho. yahi par sabase b de sanchalak ka bhi sthan ho.

is ayojan ka samast anumit vyay bharat sarakar ki sanpoorn ay se bhi adhik hai. is karan yah yojana abhi tak karyanvit nahian ho saki hai.

vishshti aspatal - ajakal janasankhya aur usi ke anusar rogiyoan ki sankhya mean vriddhi hone se vishesh prakar ke aspataloan ka nirman avashyak ho gaya hai. pratham avashyakata chhutahe rogoan ke prithak aspatal banane ki hoti hai, jahaan keval chhutahe rogi rakhe jate haian. isi prakar rajakshma ke rogiyoan ke lie prithak aspatal avashyak hai. manasik rog, asthirog, balarog, strirog, prasootigrih, vikalaangata adi ke lie b de nagaroan mean prithak aspatal avashyak haian. chhote nagaroan mean ek hi aspatal mean kam se kam bhinn - bhinn apekshit vibhag banana avashyak hai. in aspataloan ka nirman bhi unake avashyakatanusar bhinn - bhinn prakar se karana hota hai aur usi prakar vahaan ke karmachariyoan ki niyukti ki jati haian. in sab prakar ke aspataloan ke manachitr tatha vahaan ki samast avashyakataoan ki soochi sarakar ne taiyar kar di hai, jinake anusar sab prakar ke aspatal banae ja sakate haian.

vishram vibhag - b de nagaroan mean, jahaan aspataloan ki sada kami rahati hai, ugr avastha se mukt hone ke pashchat, durbal svasthyonmukh vyaktiyoan tatha atyadhik samayasadhy chikitsavale rogiyoan ke lie prithak vibhag - rugnalay (inafarmari) - banana avashyak hai. isase aspataloan ki bahut kuchh kathinaee kam ho jati hai aur ugravastha ke rogiyoan ko rakhane ke lie sthan sugamata se mil jata hai.

chikitsalay aur samajasevak - ajakal samajaseva chikitsa ka ek aang ban gee hai aur dinoan - din chikitsalay tatha chikitsa mean samajasevi ka mahatv badhata ja raha hai. aushadhopachar ke atirikt rogi ki manasik, kautuanbik tatha samajik paristhitiyoan ka adhyayan karana aur rogi ki tajjany kathinaiyoan ko door karana samajasevi ka kam hai. rogi ki rogotpati mean usaki rugnavastha mean usake kutuanb ko kin kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p d raha hai tatha rog se ya aspatal se rogi ke mukt ho jane ke pashchat kaun - si kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p dega, unaka rogi par kya prabhav hoga adi rogi ke sanbandh ki ye sab batean samajasevi ke adhyayan aur upachar ke vishay haian. yadi rogamukt hone ke pashchat vah vyakti arthasankat ke karan kutuanbapalan mean asamarth raha, to vah pun: rogagrast ho sakata hai. rogakal mean usake kutuanb ki arthik samasya kaise hal ho, isaka prabandh samajasevi ka kartavy hai. is prakar ki pratyek samasya samajasevi ko hal karani p dati hai. isase samajasevi ka chikitsa mean mahatv samajha ja sakata hai. ugr rog ki avastha mean upacharak ya upacharika ki jitani avashyakata hai, rogamukti ke pashchath‌ us vyakti ke svasthy ki raksha tatha jivan ko upayogi banane mean samajasevi ki bhi utani hi ashyakata hai.

ayurvaijnanik shikshasansthaoan mean aspatal - ayurvaijnanik shiksha sansthaoan (medikal kalejoan) mean chikitsalayoan ka mukhy prayojan vidyarthiyoan ki chikitsa - sanbandhi shiksha tatha anveshan hai. is karan aise chikitsalayoan ke nirman ke siddhaant kuchh bhinn hote haian. inamean pratyek vishay ki shiksha ke lie bhinn - bhinn vibhag hote haian. inamean vidyarthiyoan ki sankhya ke anusar rogiyoan ko rakhane ke lie samuchit sthan rakhana p data hai, jisamean avashyak shayyaean rakhi ja sakean. sath hi shayyaoan ke bich itana sthan chho dana p data hai ki shikshak aur usake vidyarthi rogi ke pas kh de hokar usaki parriksha kar sakean tatha shikshak rogi ke lakshanoan ka pradarshan aur vivechan kar sake. is karan aise aspataloan ke lie adhik sthan ki avashyakata hoti haian. phir, pratyek vibhag ko poornataya adhunik yantroan, upakaranoan adi se susajjit karana hota hai. ve shiksha ke lie avashyak haian. atev aise chikitsalayoan ke nirman aur saganthan mean sadharan aspataloan ki apeksha bahut adhik vyay hota hai. shikshakoan or karmachariyoan ki niyukti bhi keval shreshthatam vidvanoan mean se, jo apane vishay ke many vyakti hoan, ki jati hai. atev aise chikitsalay chalane ka nityaprati ka vyay adhik hona svabhavik hai.

aisi sansthaoan ke nirman ,sajja tatha karmachariyoan ka poora byora iandiyan medikal kauansil ne taiyar kar diya hai. yahi kauansil desh bhar ki shikshasansthaoan ka niyantran karati hai. jo sanstha usake dvara nirdharit mapadand tak nahian pahuanchati usako kauansil manyata pradan nahian karati aur vahaan ke vidyarthiyoan ko uchch parikshaoan mean baithane ke adhikar se vanchit rahana p data hai. shiksha ke star ko uchchatam banane mean is kauansil ne stuty kam kiya hai.

aise aspataloan mean vishesh prashn paryapt sthan ka hota hai. kamaroan ka akar aur sankhya donoan ko hi adhik rakhana p data hai. phir, pratyek vibhag ki avashyakata, vidyarthiyoan aur shikshakoan ki sankhya adi ka dhyan rakhakar chikitsalay ki yojana taiyar karani p dati hai. (chan.bha.sian.)

pramukh aspatal - bharat ke pratyek mukhy nagar mean sarakar tatha dani sajjanoan dvara sthapit anek aspatal haian. niche keval kuchh pramukh tatha vishisht rogoan se pi ditoan ke lie aspataloan ke nam die jate haian: - -

amritasar (panjab) - panjav meantal haspital (keval manasik rogoan ki chikitsa ke lie); panjab deantal haspital (keval dantarog ka chikitsa sthan).

iandaur - (madhyapradesh): infekshas dizizez haspital (sankramak rogoan ki chikitsa ke lie); kalyanamal narsig hom (rogiyoan ki dekhabhal aur upachar ke lie vishisht sanstha); lepar asailam (kushtharogiyoan ke lie); meantal haspital (manasik rogoan ka chikitsalay); ti.bi. klinik (kshayarog ki chikitsa ke lie); ti.bi. sainatoriyam (kshayarog ke rogiyoan ki dekhabhal tatha chikitsa ki sanstha).

ilahabad (uttar pradesh): kamala neharoo haspital (matritv sanbandhi aspatal).

ujjain (madhy pradesh): lepar asailam (kushtharog se pi ditoan ke lie); ti.bi.klinik (kshayarog ki chikitsa ka aspatal).

katak (u disa): e.si.bi. medikal kalej haspital (kathin rogoan ki pariksha tatha chikitsa sansthan).

kalakatta (pashchimi bangal): albart viktar lepar haspital, 18, gobara rod, eantali (kushtharog ka vishisht chikitsalay); ar.ji.kar medikal kalej haspital, 1 belagachhiya rod (kathin rogoan ke adhyayan aur chikitsa ke lie); kalakatta medikal skool aur haspital, 301 - 3, apar sarakular rod (kathin rogoan ki pariksha aur chikitsa ki sanstha); karamaikel haspital f aaur trapikal dizizez, seantral aivenyu, (ushnapradhan deshoan ke vishesh rogavishayak anusandhan tatha chikitsa sansthan); nilaratan sarakar medikal kalej aiand haspital, siyaladah (rogapariksha tatha chikitsa ka uttam prabandh); medikal kalej haspital, 88 kalej strit (yahaan sab rogoan ke sath sath dantarogoan ke adhyayan tatha chikitsa ka vishesh prabandh hai); alॅ iandiya ianstitayoot aauv haijin aiand pablik helth, 110, chitaranjan aivenyu, kalakatta (nirodhak tatha samajik oshadhiyoan par shodh tatha chikitsa).

kalikat (keral): gavarnameant vimen aiand childreans haspital (striyoan aur balakoan ki chikitsa ke lie).

chandigadh (panjab): paanchast graijuet risarch seantar tatha aspatal, sektar 12, chandigadh (isamean jirn rogoan,asadhy rogoan tatha aankh ki chikitsa ka vishisht prabandh hai).

trichoor (keral): edavard memoriyal maitarniti haspital (matritv sanbandhi vishesh aspatal).

triveandram (keral): vimen aiand childreans haspital (striyoan aur balakoan ke rogoan ke lie).

dilli: inphekshas dizizez haspital (sankramak rogoan ka aspatal); iravin haspital, dilli get (sab rogoan ke lie pramukh aspatal); ledi hardij medikal kalej aiand haspital, ledi hardij rod (rogoan ke adhyayan tatha chikitsa ka pramukh aspatal); viliangadan haspital, eevin rod (rogiyoan ke rahane ke lie vishesh achchha prabandh hai); misej ji.el. maitarniti haspital (matritv sanbandhi vishisht aspatal); al iandiya ianstitayoot aauv medikal saiansez, aansarinagar, nee dilli 16; vallabh bhaee patel chest ianstitayoot, dilli (kshayarog, phuphphusarog tatha inase sanbandhit ayurvijnan mean shodh tatha chikitsa).

nooranad (keral): leprasi sainatoriyam (kushtharog ka vishisht aspatal).

patana (bihar): patana medikal kalej haspital, baankipur (karkatarog ki vishisht chikitsa yahaan upalabdh hai).

bangalor (maisoor): meantal aspatal (manasik rogoan ka chikitsalay); mianto aaufathailmik haspital (chakshurogoan ka vishisht aspatal); lepar asailam (kushtharog ki chikitsasanstha); epidemik dizizez haspital (mahamari rogoan ki chikitsa ka aspatal); gavarnameant ti.bi. sainatoriyam (kshayarog chikitsalay); aisoleshan haspital (sankramak rogoan ka chikitsasansthan); maitarniti haspital (matritv sanbandhi kashtoan ke nivaranarth).

banbee: infekshash‌ dizizez haspital, arthar rod, jaikab sarakil (sankramak rogoan ki vishisht chikitsa); ekavarth lepar hom, matuanga (kushtharog chikitsalay); jamashedaji jijibhaee haspital, babula taiank rod, baikala (is aspatal mean 478 rogiyoan ke nivas ka prabandh hai. jananeandriy sanbandhi rogoan ka vibhag din aur rat khula rahata hai); tata memoriyal haspital, parel (karkatarog ki chikitsa ke lie bharat ka pramukh aspatal); baee motibaee aiand sar di.em. petit haspital, mazagaanv rod, baikala (striyoan ke rogoan ke lie); bairamaji jijibhaee haspital ph aaur children, mazagaanv rod, baikala (12 varsh se kam ayu vale bachche sab prakar ke rogoan ki chikitsa ke lie bharati kie jate haian); myunisipal grup aauv ti.bi. haspitals, jerabaee vadiya rod, siv di (kshayarogiyoan ki vishisht chikitsa ke lie; is aspatal mean 300 rogiyoan ke nivas ka prabandh hai; yah sab prakar ke adhunik yantroan se susajjit hai).

matanacheri (keral): vimen aiand childreans haspital (striyoan aur balakoan ke rogoan ka aspatal).

madras: gavarnameant aaufthailmik haspital, 20 marashal rod,egmor (chakshurogoan ki vishesh chikitsa ke lie); gavarnameant jenaral haspital (sab prakar ke rogoan ka pramukh chikitsalay); gavarnameant meantal haspital, lokak gardan, kilayak (manasik rogoan ka chikitsalay); gavarnameant stenali haspital, old jel strit (medikal kalej se sanbandhit, sarvarog chikitsaka pramukh sansthan); garvanameant haspital f aaur vimen aiand children, egmor (striyoan aur balakoan ke lie vishesh chikitsalay); gavarnameant tyubarakyulosis haspital, royapet tatha gavarnameant tyubarakyulosis ianstityoot, spar taiank rod, egmor (kshayarog chikitsa ke vishisht aspatal); kastooraba gaandhi haspital f aaur vimen aiand children, tripliken (striyoan aur balakoan ke lie vishisht chikitsalay).

raanchi (bihar): iandiyan meantal haspital (manasik rogoan ka prasiddh aspatal).

lakhanoo (uttar pradesh): gaandhi memoriyal haspital (sab kathin rogoan ki pariksha tatha chikitsa ke lie medikal kalej se sanbaddh pramukh aspatal).

varanasi (uttar pradesh): sar suandaralal aspatal varanasi (yahaan kuchh dussadhy rogoan ka ilaj sanbhav ho gaya hai).

velor (uttari arkadu, tamilana d): krishchiyan medikal kalej aiand haspital, velor (shalyachikitsa ka pramukh aspatal).

shilaang (asam): rid pravianshiyal chest haspital (vaksh sanbandhi rogoan ka vishesh aspatal).

satara (maharashtr): mishan haspital, miraj (kshayarogoan ki vishisht chikitsa); leprasi sainatoriyam, miraj (kushtharog ka pramukh chikitsalay).

sitapur (uttar pradesh): netr - chikitsa - keandr, sitapur (aankh ke sabhi rogoan ki chikitsa adhunaki paddhati tatha upakaranoan se ki jati hai).

haidarabad (aandhr): osmaniya janaral haspital (sab rogoan ki vishisht chikitsa ke lie); liangamapalli aisoleshan haspital (sankramak rogoan se pi ditoan).

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