ईवाँ तृतीय
eevaan tritiy maskobi ka graand dyook. janm 22 janavari, 1440; mrityu 26 aktoobar, 1505. pita vasili dvitiy ke jivanakal mean hi sahashasak ghoshit kiya gaya, jisase any rajakumar usaka sthan n chhin sakean. roos ke itihas mean yah atyadhik prasiddh hai aur eevaan mahanh ke nam se vikhyat hai. isane masko ke rajy ka vistar kar use pahale se tin guna kar diya.
1471-78 ki do l daiyoan mean isane novagorodean ko jita. haipsavarg pavitr roman samrath dvara di 'raja' ki upadhi asvikrit karate hue isane kaha, apane desh mean ham apane poorvajoan ke samay se prabhutvasanpann rahe haian aur eeshvar se hamean prabhutvashakti prapt huee hai. dhamaki ya yuddh dvara usane yaraslavo (1463), rostov (1474) aur tranver (1485) hastagat kar lie. 1480 mean tatar ko khiraj dena band kar tataroan ki dasata ka jua usane utar pheanka.
roosi jati ka pratham saradar to yah pahale se hi tha, bijaantini samrajy ke aanmim shasak ke bhaee thamas palo ologas ki kanya sophiya (joe) ke sath doosara vivah kar masko ki pratishtha aur usaki adhisatta mean usane vriddhi ki aur bizaantiyam ke dvishirsh griddh (eegal) ko masko ke rajachihn mean sthan dekar grik eesaee dharm ka sanrakshak hone ka apana dava sthapi kiya. is vivah ke phalasvaroop masko mean poorvi darabari dhang aur shanashaukat ko sthan mila aur raja praja se door ho gaya. vah apane ko 'otokrath' (svechchhachari) kahata tha aur videshi patravyavahar mean apane ko 'jar' likhata tha.
roos ka pravesh baltik sagar mean ho jae, is drishti se usane lithuaniya lene ka prayatn kiya, kiantu svidan aur polaiand ke karan usaka yah prayatn saphal nahian hua. dakshin mean usane apana rajy volga ke madhy tak phailaya aur tataroan ko haraya. saradaroan ki satta ghatakar eevaan roosi vidhi (kanoon) ka sanhitakaran kiya.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 38 |