उदात्त

udatt kavyabhivyanjana ke vaishishty evan utkarsh ka karanatatv jisaka pratipadan loanginus (laanjainas) ne apani kriti 'periipsus' (kavy mean udatt tatv) mean kiya he. isake anusar udatt tatv shaili ki vah mahatvapoorn eanv mahattam visheshata hai jo vibhinn vyanjanaoan ke madhyam se kisi ghatana athava vyaktitv ke romaantik, aveshapoorn tatha bhayankar paksh ki abhivyakti ke lie prayukt hoti hai. sachche audaty ke sparsh matr se manavatma sahaj hi utkarsh ko prapt ho jati hai, samany dharatal se oopar uthakar anand aur ullas se aplavit hone lagati hai aur shrota athava pathak ko mahasoos hone lagata hai ki jo kuchh usane shravan kiya ya padha hai, vah svayan usaka apana bhoga hua hai. isake viparit kisi kriti ko bar-bar padhane ya sunane ke bad bhi yadi vyakti ki atma unnat vicharoan ki or pravritt nahian hoti to spasht hi ukt kriti mean pratiyaman arth se adhik vicharottejak samagri ka abhav rahata hai aur use udatt-tatv-samanvit nahian mana ja sakata. udatt-gun-yukt kriti n keval sabhi ko sarvada anandit karati hai, apitu visanvadi tatvoan ke sanyog se ek aise vatavaran ka nirman bhi karati hai ki usake prati pathak athava shrota ki astha aur bhi gahari evan amit ho jati hai.

loanginus ke anusar udatt alanban ke gun haian : jivant aveg, prachurata, tatparata, jahaan upayukt ho vahaan gati tatha aisi shakti evan veg jisaki samata sanbhav n ho. udatt ki anubhooti ke aantastatv man ki oorja, ullas, abhibhooti (sanpoorn chetana ke abhibhoot ho jane ki anubhooti), adar tatha vismayamishrit sanbhram batae ge haian.

loanginus ne udatt bhasha ke paanch mukhy srotoan ka bhi ullekh kiya hai : (1) mahanh‌ vicharodbhavana ki kshamata, (2) uddam aur preranaprasoot aveg, (3) samuchit alankarayajana, (4) sadhu bhasha tatha (5) garimamay rachanavidhan. inamean pratham do adhikaansh mean naisargik athava aantarang haian aur shesh tin ko aanshat: kala se sanbandhit mana gaya hai. vaktritvashakti ko ukt paanch bhedoan ke tal mean nianv ke saman bataya gaya hai.

pashchaty sahityashastr mean udatt (hiandi mean aangreji shabd 'sablaim' ka roopaantar) par ek lanbe samay se vichar hota chala a raha hai. loanginus se poorv arastoo ne apane 'virechan siddhaant' ki vyakhya mean udatt ka virechan prakriya ke sarvadhik sahayak tatv ke roop mean ullekh kiya hai. pashchath‌ roboratelo, bvayalo, higel, kaant, braidale, kairet, bruk, valtar petar, saantayana, bark, bosaanke, juang adi pashchaty kalasamikshakoan ne is vishay ka vistrit vivechan kiya hai.

kaant ke anusar bhar, sankoch, sphoorti, evan aantarbodh udatt ke mool tatv haian aur inamean bhi adhyatmik star ko prapt hi isaka sanpoorn sar hai, jo kalabodh ko sukhakar banakar n keval tripti pradan karati hai apitu udattanubhooti ke star tak bhi le jati hai. parantu kaant ka mat kala ke utana nikat nahian hai jitana adhyatm ke. karan, kalanubhootijany udatt vrittiyoan ko matr adhyatmik nahian mana ja sakata. braidale ne udatt ke aantargat bhay, romaanch, aantashchamatkar tatha aantarik ahladapoorn vrittiyoan ko pramukh mana hai. usake anusar udatt kalabodh ke samast vistar ka dyotak hota hai. apane kathan ko suspasht karane ke lie unhoanne kalabodh ke paanch star mane haian-udatt (sablaim), bhavy (graiand), suandar (byootiphul), lalit (gresaphul) tatha charu (preti). inamean suandar ko madhyaman manakar unhoanne usase utkrisht bhavodrekoan ko kramash: bhavy tatha udatt ki sanjna di hai. aur nimnatar bhavabodhoan ko kramash: lalit tatha charu kaha hai. arthath‌ braidale ke anusar kalabodh ka uchchatam gun udatt hai aur charu nimnatam. udatt ke sanbandh mean juang ka kathan bhi kaphi mahatvapoorn hai. unhoanne kaha hai, 'sasim-bandhan-grast manav vyaktitv mean asim aur anant tatv ke uday se anant vedana tatha anand ka samayik anubhav hota hai. yahi anubhav udatt ka anubhav hai.

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