ऊतक संवर्धन

ootak sanvardhan (tishoo kalchar) vah kriya hai jisase vividh sharirik ootak athava koshikaean kisi bahy madhyam mean upayukt paristhitiyoan ke vidyaman rahane par poshit ki ja sakati haian. yah bhali bhaanti jnat hai ki sharir ki vividh prakar ki koshikaoan mean vividh uttejanaoan ke anusar ugane aur apane saman any koshikaoan ko utpann karane ki shakti hoti hai. yah bhi jnat hai ki jivoan mean ek aantarik paristhiti bhi hoti hai. (jise klaud barnard ki miloo abhyantar kahate haian) jo sajiv ootak ki kriyashilata ko niyantrit rakhane mean bahy paristhitiyoan ki apeksha adhik mahatv ki hai. ootak-sanvardhan-pravidhi ka vikas is maulik uddeshy se hua ki koshikaoan ke karyakari gunoan ke adhyayan ki cheshta ki jae aur yah pata lagaya jae ki ye koshikaean apani bahy paristhitiyoan se kis prakar prabhavit hoti haian aur unapar svayan kya prabhav dalati haian. isake lie yah avashyak tha ki koshikaoan ko alag karake kisi kritrim madhyam mean jivit rakha jae jisase unapar samooche jiv ka prabhav n p de.

yadyapi ootak sanvardhan mean saphalata pane ki cheshta 1885 ee. mean ki gee thi, tathapi saphalata 1906 ee. mean mili, jab hairisan ne ek saral pravidhi nikali jisase kritrim madhyam mean aropit ootak ugata aur vikasit hota rahata tha. isake bad se pravidhi adhikadhik yatharth tatha samunnat hoti gee. poshak madhyam ki sanrachana bhi adhik uparyukt hoti huee hai. ab to sharir ke pray: pratyek bhag se koshikaoan aur ootakoan ka sanvardhan sanbhav hai aur unako ashcharyajanak kal tak jivit rakha ja sakata hai.

kach mean (arthath‌ sharir se prithakh‌) poshit ki ja sakanevali koshikaean anek haian, jaise dharichchhad koshikaean (epithiliyal sels), tantughat (phaibroblasts), asthi tatha upasthi (kartilej), tantrika (narv), peshi (masalh‌) aur lasikaparv (lianphanods) ki koshikaean, pliha (splon), prajan granthiyaan (gonad), garbhakala (eandometriyam), garbhakamal (plaiseanta), rakt, asthimajja (bon mairo) ityadi.

koshikaoan ke karyakaran tatha sanrachanatmak gunoan ke adhyayan ke atirikt, ootak-sanvardhan-pravidhi prayogatmak jivavijnan aur ayurvijnan ke pray: sabhi kshetroan mean upayogi siddh huee hai, vishesh kar koshika tatv (sait aauloji), autiki (hist aauloji), bhroon tatv (eanbriaauloji), koshikakayiki (sel fiziy aauloji), koshika-vyadhi-vijnan (sel paith aauloji), pratikariki (ianmyoon aauloji) aur arbudoan tatha vairasoan ke adhyayan mean. is pravidhi se nimnalikhit vishayoan ke adhyayan mean sahayat mili hai : rudhir ka banana, karyakaran tatha rogoan ki utpatti; koshika ke bhitar honevali prakinviy (enazaimaitik) tatha upapachayi (metabolik) rasayanik pratikriyaean; aang-sanchalan-kriya, koshika vibhajan tatha bhedakaran (difarenashieshan); koshika ki atisookshm rachanaean, jaise vimedabh jal (golagi aiparetas) tatha kanabhasootr (mitok aaundriya); koshika par vikiran, tap, bhautik athava rasayanik aghat athava jivanuoan ke akraman; unase utpann padartho ki kriya ke karan honevali kshati; arbudavali tatha sadharan koshikaoan ka aantar aur sadharan koshikaoan se arbudavali koshikaoan ka banana.

ootak sanvardhan ke lie prayukt pravidhiyaan anek prakar ki hai; jais ve jinamean latakate hue biandu botal, kach ki chhichhali tashtari athava any vishesh baratan ka upayog hota hai. sanvardhan ke lie prayukt madhyam vividh prakar ke haian, jaise raktaplavika (plaijm़a), lasi (siram), lasika, sharirakriya ke lie upayukt lavan ghol (jaise tairod, riangar-l aauk, adi ke ghol). ootak-sanvardhan ke lie madhyam chunate samay jiv ki koshika ke asamany paryavaran ka sookshm jnan atyavashyak hai. isake atirikt isaka bhi nirnay kar lena avashyak hai ki pratyek jati ki koshika ke lie paryavaran mean kya-kya batean avashyak haian. uparyukt paryavaran sthapit karane ke lie yah bhi nitaant avashyak hai ki madhyam tak any kisi prakar ke jivanu n pahuanche kyoanki jis madhyam mean koshikaean pali jati haian vah any jivanuoan ke panapane ke lie bhi ati uttam hota hai, chahe ve jivanu rogotpadak hoan ya n hoan. in jivanuoan ki vriddhi avashy hi sanvardhaniy koshikaoan ko mar dalegi. hal mean salfonamaidoan aur penisilin ke saman jivanu dveshiyoan se is prakar ke sankraman ko dabae rakhane mean b di sahayata mili hai.

madhyam mean ugate hue ootakoan mean upapachayi parivartan hote rahate haian aur yadi upapachay se utpann padarth madhyam mean ekatr hote raheange to koshikaoan ke lie ve ghatak ho sakate haian. isalie uchchhisht padarthoan ki matra ke hanikarak sima tak pahuanchane ke pahale hi madhyam ko badal dena avashyak hai.

ootak-sanvardhan ke vishay mean oopar keval tho di si batean di ja saki haian. isaka dhyan rakhana avashyak hai ki ootak sanvardhan keval kuchh jivavaijnanik kriyaoan ko samajhane mean ek sahayak vidhi hai. n to ise moolyarahit manakar isaki upeksha ki ja sakati hai aur n ise jivaprakriyaoan ko samajhane ke lie jadoo ki chh di mana ja sakata haian.

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