एंगारी
eangari yah shabd prachin pharas ki rajakiy sandeshahar seva (rayal kiriyar sarvis) ke namakaran se prapt hua hai. vahaan se grik aur latini mean 'doot' ke arth mean yah shabd prachalit hua.
prachin rom samrajy tatha madhyakalin vidhigranthoan mean, eangari sainik parivahan ke lie gho de, ga diyoan ityadi sthal yatayat ke sadhanoan ki arthana tak hi simit tha. parantu kuchh kal bad, eangari ke adhikar ki ot mean, yuddhasanlagn desh, jinake pas prachur matra mean jahaj nahian hote the, tatasth deshoan ke vyapari jahajoan ko, jo unake bandaragahoan mean upasthit hote the, pak d lete the tatha agrim bha da dekar unhean tatha unake navikoan ko badhy karate the ki unaki sena, gola barood tatha any saman doosari jagah pahuancha dean.
phraans ke luee 14vian ne is adhikar ka bahut ashray liya. parantu 17vian shatabdi mean, apane jahajoan tatha navikoan ko is adhikar se pak de jane se bachane ke lie, deshoan ne sandhiyaan kar lian. is karan 18vian aur 19vian shatabdiyoan mean yah adhikar lagabhag avyavaharik sa ho gaya.
vartaman aantararashtriy vidhi mean eangari kisi desh ki yuddhakal mean ya rashtriy suraksha ke lie yah adhikar pradan karata hai ki jahaj, havaeejahaj, rel ka saman ya yatayat ke any sadhan jo doosare deshoan ke haian, parantu unake adhikshetr mean upasthit haian, apane kam mean le ae. parantu us desh ko yatayat ke sadhanoan ke un malikoan ki poori kshatipoorti karani hogi. kiantu vartaman kal mean navikoan ya any chalakoan ki sevaean nahian prapt ki ja sakati haian.[1]
pahale mahayuddh mean eangari ke kee drishtaant upasthit hue. jamora vad (1916) mean, iangalistan ke punarvad nyayalay (apelet kort) ne yah vichar prakat kiya ki eangari ka adhikar upayog mean lane ke lie avashyak hai, ki tatasth desh ke jahaj ya mal ki, yuddharatadesh ke bachav, ya yuddhasanpadan athava rashtriy suraksha ke lie atyant avashyakata ho. isi prakar uparyukt nyayalay ne, kamarashal istets kanpani aauv eejist banam bord aauvatred (1925) mean nishchay kiya ki eangari ka adhikar aantararashtriy vidhi mean itani bhali prakar sthapit ho gaya hai ki vah ianglaiand ki janapadiy vidhi ka bhag ban gaya hai. march, sanh 1918 mean amarika, briten tatha phraans ne eangari ke adhar par un dach jahajoan ki maang kar li thi jo us samay unake bandaragahoan mean the.[2]
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