एकाधिनायकत्व

ekadhinayakatv diktetaraship, adhinayakavad us ek vyakti ki sarakar hai jisane shasan uttaradhikar ke phalasvaroop nahian varan balapoorvak prapt kiya ho tatha jise poorn sanprabhutta prapt ho-arthath‌ sanpoorn rajanitik shakti n keval usi ke sankalp se udbhoot ho varanh‌ karyakshetr aur samay ki drishti se asimit tatha kisi any satta ke prati uttaradayi nahian-aur vah usaka prayog bahudha aniyantrit dhang se vidhan ke badale ajnaptiyoan dvara karata ho.

diktetar (diktetar, ekadhinayak) shabd ko sarvapratham prayukt karanevale roman log the jo kuchh vishisht prashasakoan ko anumanat: isalie diktetar kahate the ki unake koee salahakar nahian hote the. roman ganatantr ke sanvidhan mean ekadhinayakatv ya adhinayakavad se tatpary sankatakalin sthiti mean kisi ek vyakti ke asthayi roop se asimit adhikar prapt kar lene se tha. sankat tal jane par ekadhinayak ke asimit adhikar bhi samapt ho jate the aur unhean chho date samay use unake prayogoan ka poora byora dena p data tha. at: vidhan tatha shasitoan ke prati uttaradayitv adhinayak ki pramukh visheshata thi.

adhunik yug mean pratham mahayuddh ke bad kisi ek vyakti ya varg ke svarth ke lie vidhan ka ullanghan ekadhinayakatv ka pramukh lakshan ho gaya. yuddh ne janasadharan ke mastishk ko thakane ke atirikt usapar sanyam ke sthan par sainy anushasan aropit kar sabhi samajik kshetroan mean ajnapalan ki pravritti utpann ki. sainy uddeshyoan ke lie avashyak satta ke keandrikaran ne logoan ko is bat ke lie abhyast bana diya ki ve samajik samasyaoan ke samadhan ke lie aisi nirankush satta ke nirnay man lean jo kisi ke prati uttaradayi n ho. aisi paristhiti mean janataantrik paddhati vighatit hoti jan p di. phalat: yuddh se sarvadhik prabhavit deshoan mean samanyat: log aise 'lauhapurush' ke svagat ke lie tatpar the jo apane shaury, atmavishvas aur katibaddhata ke bal par unaka mat lie bina rashtr ke nam par apani ichchha tatha adesh se samasyaoan ka samadhan kar de. at: janata ke lie samanyat: ekadhinayak vah karmath vyakti hua jo svayan rashtriy pratik ban kisi rahasyatmak akarshan dvara apane prati adar ka bhav jaga sake tatha is adhar par logoan ko mahanh‌ hone ka anubhav kara sake ki ve usase sanbandhit haian.

ekadhinayakatv ki pratham visheshata usake udgam mean haian. kisi desh tatha yug mean isaki sthapana kabhi un sadhanoan se nahian hoti jo us desh aur yug mean vaidh mane jate haian. usake lie yah avashyak hai ki usaki nianv vidhan ke ullanghan par ho, yadyapi usaka astitv kisi vidhan ke n manane par ashrit nahian hai. pratyek ekadhinayakatv ka praranbh viplav se hota hai aur phir sanbhavat: kinhian karanoan se vah apana kraantikari svaroop banae rakh sakata hai. parantu usaka uddeshy purane vidhan ke sthan par ne vidhan ki sthapana bhi ho sakata hai kyoanki ekadhinayakatv puratan, jirn vyavastha ki asaphalata tatha navin vyavastha ke lie usake dhvans ki poorvakalpana karata hai. usaki doosari pramukh visheshata yah hai ki janatantr (jo siddhaantat: pratyek nagarik ko sarakar mean bhag lene ka adhikar deta hai) ke viparit isaka sanchalan ek vyakti ya varg ke hath mean doosaroan par shasan karane ke lie hota hai. tisare, sattadhari khule dhang se yah ghoshit karata hai ki rashtr mean usaka ek vishisht sthan hai.

atev vyapak arth mean ekadhinayakiy sarakar vah vyavastha hai jisamean rajy ke ek ya kee sadasy khule tatha vyavasthit dhang se poore rashtr par shakti ka -jise unhoanne poorv ke sabhi vaidh adhikaroan aur sthapanaoan ke ullanghan ke phalasvaroop honevali hiansa se arjit kiya hai-prayog sarakar mean bhag n lenevali janata ki sammati se svatantr rahakar karate haian.

sarakar ke svaroop ke adhar par ekadhinayakatv do vargo mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai : ek vyakti ke adhinayak hone par vaiyaktik tatha ek varg ke adhinayak hone par samoohik ekadhinayakatv ki sthapana hoti hai. vaiyaktik ekadhinayakatv (visheshat: fasisti) mean ekadhinayak apane niji karmachariyoan ki sahayata se 'fayoorar' ke siddhaant ke adhar par svatantr dhang se shasan karata hai. fh‌yoorar ki visheshata yah hai ki vah apane sahayakoan ke prati uttaradayi nahian hota, varanh‌ apane se oopar-rashtr, itihas ya eeshvar-ke prati apana dayitv ghoshit karata hai. fayoorar apane sahayakoan ko niyukt karata hai jo apane adhin karmachariyoan ko, aur ye karmachari phir apane adhinoan ko niyukt karate haian. is prakar poori vyavastha mean nirvachanapaddhati ka koee sthan nahian hota aur sanpoorn dhaancha sarvopari charam biandu par avalanbit hota hai. samoohik ekadhinayakatv mean fayoorar ke sthan par uttaradayi neta hote haian; netaoan ki ek shreni uchchatar shreni ke netaoan ko chunati hai, pratyek neta apane nirvachakoan ke prati uttaradayi hota hai. is prakar sanpoorn dhaancha nimnatam adhar par avalanbit hota hai.

samajik shaktiyoan ke adhar par bhi ekadhinayakatv ke do varg ho sakate haian. pratham, jab vaiyaktik ekadhinayakatv mean sahayak varg kisi dal, niji ya rajakiy sena, charch ya prashasakiy vibhag ka ho, dvitiy, jab samoohik ekadhinayakatv mean yahi varg svayan adhinayak ho. atev yah vibhajan shasak tatha sahayak varg ke adhar par hota hai. varg ekadhinayakatv ke adhunik tin pramukh prakar haian : sainy, dal aur prashasakiy.

tisara vargikaran parimanatmak svaroop ke adhar par ho sakata hai; yatha, ekatmak adhinayakavad jisamean keval ek varg ya keval ek vyakti tatha jisaka sahayak keval ek varg (yatha, niji sena) ho; bahulavadi adhinayakavad jisamean kee shaktiyaan vyakti ya varg hoan jo poorn roop se, apane ko adhinayak ke adhin n karean aur satta ke lie paraspar ho d karean parantu aisi sthiti mean bhi any se adhik shaktishali ek vyakti ya varg ka astitv to hota hi hai. adhinayakavad ke tinoan vargikaran ek doosare se sanbaddh bhi ho sakate haian. yatha, sainy ekadhinayakatv niji tatha samoohik donoan hi ho sakata hai.

sabhi mahatvapoorn ekadhinayakataoan mean dharmik saanpradayikata ki visheshata hoti hai, yatha utsah ke sath pravartak ki pooja tatha ek vishisht vidhi ke prati shraddha. mahanh‌ vyaktiyoan se sanchalit, sadaiv akarshak vicharadhara se prerit, apane anuyayiyoan se kartavy ke roop mean balidan ki maang karata hua, ekadhinayakatv sakriy vyakti dvara sthapit sarakar ka ek svaroop hai. vah un parakrami aur gatishil vargo ko lekar chalata hai jo svabhavat: viplav ke lie pravritt hote haian : yatha, sena, shoor varg ya sarvahara varg. ekadhinayak apane sankalp aur bhav shasitoan par aropit karata rahata hai. is aropan ke do sadhan haian: nakaratmak , sakaratmak. nakaratmak sadhan haian, alochana ko rokana, virodhi bahumat ya alpamat ko nasht karana, rajy sanbandhi avashyak aur mahatvapoorn tathyoan ko gupt rakhana. in sadhanoan ke sahayak sadhan haian: sansad ki samapti, sanghoan tatha daloan ka vighatan, pres par pratibandh, shiksha par niyantran, pramukh virodhiyoan ka nishkasan adi. is sanbandh mean hiansa tatha atank ki bhi charcha ki jati haian, parantu vastut: ye ekadhinayakatv ki keval praranbhik avastha ke lakshan haian jo samanyat: kraantikari aur isalie avaidh hote haian. yadi ekadhinayakatv is avastha se gujarane mean saphal hua to vah sadharanat : hiansa aur atank ke sthan par prashasakiy vidhan sthapit karata hai.

sainy ekadhinayakatv samanyat: inhian nakaratmak sadhanoan se santusht rahata hai; parantu varg ekadhinayakatv inake atirikt sakaratmak sadhanoan ka bhi prayog karata hai; yatha, prachar dvara adhinayak ke bhavoan, vicharoan aur matoan ka janata par aropan, ichchhanukool janamat ka srijan adi. in sadhanoan ke sahayak sadhan haian : rashtriy ya vargapratikoan ki pooja, uttejak sangit ka prasar, danbh ya ghrina ki bhavanaean ubharanevale bhashan, ajnapalan ki adat dalane ke lie samast rashtr ko sainy shiksha dena, vidyalayoan ke lie pustakean taiyar karana, abauddhik vicharadhara ka prachar, rajanitijnoan, patrakaroan tatha vidvanoan ko ghoos dekar unaka muanh band karana.

parantu kisi bhi sabhy desh mean, jisaka nikat atit audaryavadi ya janataantrik raha ho, ye sadhan ekadhinayakavad ki sthapana ke lie tab tak paryapt nahian haian jab tak unake sath janata se lubhavane adarsho, yatha ajnakarita, anushasan, satta, ekata, shakti, deshaprem adi ke lie satat apil n ki jae aur vyakti mean apane niji adhikaroan ko ekadhinayak ke hathoan soanpane ka utsahapoorn bhav n ubhara jae. isake lie dharm se sanbandhit bhavoan ko vikrit kar apane rajy, rashtr, jati ya varg ki stuti ya pooja ke bhavoan mean parinat kiya jata hai.

jis avaidh dhang se ekadhinayakatv ki sthapana hoti hai usi dhang ke atirikt usaka unmoolan pray: asanbhav hai. ekadhinayakavad rashtr ko svayatt shasan ki vidhiyaan sikhane se rokata hai aur isalie ek ekadhinayak ke dehaant ke bad vyaktiyoan aur vargo mean satta ke lie pratidvandvita rashtr ke lie vipatti ka karan ban sakati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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madhyamik

poornata

shodh