ओड

od mishr chhand ke dhaanche mean, samanyat: ojapoorn svar aur uchch shaili ki, ek sarvabhaum abhiruchivali vishayavastu se yukt sanbodhanaparak kavita hai. nrity evan sangit vadyoan ke sath gae janevale yoonani samavet gitoan mean isaka mool udgam nihit hai.

yoonan mean, odoan ka mukhy adarsh yoonani du:khaantoan ke sahaganoan mean prapt tha. chhand ki drishti se ye od apani rachana mean atyant mishr the, jo tin bhagoan mean vibhakt haian–strofi (grik arth u mo d) jo nartakoan ki daean se baean jane ki gati ka pratinidhan karate hue aiantistrofi dvara santulit hota tha. yah us samay gaya jata tha jab yah sahagan daean se baean ki or mu data tha aur ipod, jise nartak sthir kh de hokar (samavet gitoan mean, girajaghar ki vedi ke sanmukh) gate the aur jo vishesh avasaroan par hi hota tha. elkamain (630 ee.poo.) ne sarvapratham strofi ko apani kavita pathoniyam mean suniyojit karake prastut kiya kiantu aisi yojana vale od piandari ke nam se prasiddh haian kyoanki piandar (522-442 ee.poo.) ne is dhaanche ka prayog apane vijay sanbandhi odoan mean kiya tha. ye vijay od olianpik kheloan mean vijayi hone ke avasar par likhe ge the.

od ka adhunik roop ek sanbodhan kavy jaisa hai jisaka aranbh roman kavi hores (65-8 ee.poo.) ke od se hota hai. hores ki 'karmina' (jo sada odoan ke roop mean anoodit huee hai) un chhandoan se yukt hai jinako yoonani maandik gitoan mean maanja gaya tha; vishesh roop se safo (620 ee.poo.), elsiyas (611-580 ee.poo.) tatha enaikriyan (563-478 ee.poo.) ke gitoan mean. hores ke pray: sabhi od kisi vastu athava vyakti ko sanbodhit karake likhe ge haian aur unamean se kuchh b di ganbhirata se rom evan roman naitik jivan ki mahatta ka gan karate haian.

punarjagaranakalin shastriy svaroop ke utthan ke sath hi sath anek deshoan ke kaviyoan ne od ko apanaya. phraansisi kavi piyar roansard ne piandari shaili ko apane kuchh odoan (1552-55 ee.) mean anukrit karane ki cheshta ki. italavi kavi petrark ne apani deshabhaktiparak kavitaoan–'italiamia' tatha 'spiritojeantil' (riezi ko sanbodhit) mean horesiy paddhati ka anugaman kiya.

aangreji kavita mean, tin vibhinn prakar ke od nikale–(1) saman charanoanvali horesiy shaili jisamean ek hi strofivale git hoan aur pratyek mean vibhinn lanbaiyoanvali panktiyaan hoan. uda.–j aaunasan, reandalf herik. kiantu bad ko inamean niyamitata ki or jhukav milata hai. uda.–melavil krit ap aaun kr aaumvels ritarn phhऱam arayalaiand, gre ke laghu od, k aaulians, kits, svinabarn. (2) aniyamit od, jinake charan apane dhaanche evan lanbaee mean asaman hote haian aur unamean prayukt lay aur svaraghat vaividhyapoorn hote haian. uda.–kauli ('pidarik od') draiden ('alegjaiandas fist', 'od aaun seant sisiliyaz de'); vard svarth ('iantimeshans aauv immaratailiti'); kolarij ('phraans', 'dijekshan'); sheli ('od tu nepuls'); tenisan, koveantri petamor (ods, 1868); ji.em. hapakians ('d reank aauv d dooshalaiand'). dablyoo.vatasan aur lareans baniyan is rachanaprakar ke ati ullekhaniy rachayitaoan mean se the. (3) niyamit piandari od, yatha gre ka pr aaugres aauv poezi (1754) aur d bard (1757), valtar saivej laiandar ka od tu sheli aur od tu miletas. svinabarn ne is piandari shaili ka prayog apane rajanitik odoan mean kiya. ajakal od pragit roop mean svikar kie jate haian tatha apekshakrit lanbe bhi hote haian jinamean kavi apane hriday ke ganbhiratam udgaroan ko abhivyakt karata hai.(r.mo.)

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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