कृत्रिम वीर्यसेचन

kritrim viryasechan (Artificial Insemination) kritrim prajanan athava kritrim garbhadhan ka tatpary mada pashu ko svabhavik roop se garbhit karane ke sthan par yantr ya pichakari dvara garbhit karana hai. svachchh aur surakshit roop se ekatr nar pashu ke viry ko is prakriya mean jananeandriy athava prajanan marg mean pravesh karakar mada pashu ko garbhit kiya jata hai. is prakar kritrim garbhadhan se jo bachche paida hote haian ve prakritik dhang se paida hue bachchoan ke hi saman balavanh‌ aur hrishtapusht hote haian. chhah sau varsh poorv 1322 ee. mean arab ke ek saradar ne apane shatru saradar ke gho de ka viry nikalakar apani ek bahumooly gho di ko kritrim roop se garbhit karane mean saphalata prapt ki thi. yoorop mean planis ne 1876 ee. mean kritrim roop se ek kutiya ko garbhit kiya tha. kritrim viry sechan par pratham vaijnanik anveshan 1780 ee. mean itali ke sharirakriya ke prasiddh vaijnanik aibat spalan jani ne ek kutiya ke oopar kiya. isamean unhean poorn saphalata mili.

ashvoan ka kritrim prajanan pahale pahal 1890 ee. mean aranbh hua. ek phraansisi pashuchikitsak ne ise pashuoan mean vandhyapan door karane ka ek uttam sadhan bataya. prophesar h aaufamain ne kaha ki prakritik garbhadhan ke sath hi yadi kritrim viryasechan ka bhi prayog kiya jae to garbhadhan pray: nishchit hoga.

roos mean aibanahaph se 1909 ee. mean kritrim prajanan ki ek prayogashala sthapit ki aur 1912 ee. mean 39 gho diyoan ki yoni mean kritrim viryasechan kiya. unamean 31 gho diyoan garbhit huee. usi samay svabhavik dhang se 23 any ghe diyoan ko bhi garbhit kiya gaya, kiantu unamean se keval 10 mean hi garbhadhan hua. isase kritrim viryasechan ki mahatta pramanit huee aur isaka prayog badhane laga tatha any pashuoan, yatha-bhe d, gay, aur kutte adi mean bhi kritrim viryasechan kiya jane laga.

amarika mean 1896 ee. mean 19 kutiyoan ki yoni mean viryasechan kiya gaya, jinamean se 15 garbhit huee aur bachche die. is prayog ke phalasvaroop kritrim viryasechan ko yoorop aur amarika ne b di shighrata se apanaya . is riti ka upayog sare sansar-ianglaiand, itali, jarmani, svidan, denmark, astreliya, kaineda, chin aur roos adi-mean b di tezise badh raha hai. bharat mean kritrim viryasechan 1942 ee. mean bharatiy pashu chikitsa anusandhan sanstha (aijatanagar) mean aranbh hua. tatpashchath‌ isake anek keandr bangal, bihar, panjab, madras, madhyapradesh, banbee aur uttar pradesh mean khule. is samay bharat mean sahasroan kritrim viryasechan keandr haian aur inaki sankhya prati varsh badhati ja rahian hai. is prayog se ab har sal lakhoan pashu garbhit kie jate haian.

isake lie viry kee riti se ekatrit kiya jata hai : (1) kritrim yoni, (2) yaantrik prahastan tatha (3) vudayududdipan adi dvara. viry ko ekatr karane ke uparaant kritrim garbhadhan turant kar dena sabase achchha hota hai. yadi tatkal kritrim viryasechan n kiya ja sake to viry ko svachchh hatajivanu kachakoopi, ya parakhanali mean surakshit band karake, thande mean, 1.3 se 2.5 sean. par rakha ja sakata hai. is dhang se viry tin se lekar paanch dinoan tak garbhadhan yogy rahata hai. viry mean anek prakar ke vilayanoan ko milakar mandit bhi kiya jata hai; kiantu prayog se siddh hua hai ki amandit viry hi adhik upayogi hai.

viry ko ek vishesh dhang se sookhi barph (ailkohal-him-mishran) dvara jamakar rakha jata hai. viry ko upayog mean lane se pahale use pighala liya jata hai. viry jamane aur usake upayog par sansar ke vibhinn bhagoan mean bahut se anusandhan kary ho rahe haian. is prayog se vishesh yuva saan doan ka viry ek desh se doosare deshoan mean asani se bheja ja sakata hai. aur har samay upayog ke lie saralata se mil sakata hai. is prakar se jamaya hua viry saphalatapoorvak do varsho tak upayog mean laya ja sakata hai.

kritrim viryasechan

jis samay mada pashu garam hoti hai us samay usaki pooanchh ko uthakar jaise chitr mean dikhaya gaya hai, ekatrit viry ko usaki yoni mean pichakari dvara dal diya jata hai. 1. pichakari 2. salaee (Catheter) 3. phailakar darsanevala yantr (Speculum) 4. shronyasthi (Pelvic bone) 5. garbhashay 6. mootrashay 7. guda 8. dianbhashay 9. chau di snayu (Broad ligament) 10. garbhashay ka pralanban (Horn of the Uterus).

garbhadhan kal-prakriti ke anusar har mada pashu nishchit samay par garam hoti rahati hai aur yah samay har pashu ke lie alag-alag hota hai, jaise gay, bhaians aur gho di 21 vean din garam hoti haian. garam rahane ka samay bhi bhinn-bhinn pashuoan mean bhinn hota hai. gay aur bhaians mean yah keval 12 se 18 ghante tak rahata hai aur gho di mean lagabhag ek saptah tak. garam avastha samapt ho jane par, svabhavik athava kritrim roop se viry pravesh karane par garbh nahian thaharata. prakritik kisi bhi dhang se garbhadhan kiya jae, jab pashu mean garbh thahar jata hai tab 21vean din garam p dana band ho jata hai.

dekha yah gaya hai ki mada pashuoan mean 50-60 pratishat garbh hi ek bar mean sthit hota hai.

kritrim viryasechan dugdhotpadan aur pashusudhar tatha pashusanpatti badhane ke lie sugam aur avashyak hai. pashu ki unnati keval achchhe saan d par nirbhar karati hai. yadi saan d achchhi jati ka hai to usake bachche bhi balavanh‌ aur adhik doodh denevale hoange. dekha gaya hai ki char paanch pidhiyoan se dugdhotpadan mean nirantar sudhar ho raha hai. yadi nimnakoti ki, do ser dugdh denevali gay aise saan d se, jisaki maan 16 ser doodh deti thi, garbhit ki jae to doosari pidhi mean 12 ser, chauthi pidhi mean 14 ser aur paanchavian pidhi mean 16 ser ke lagabhag doodh milane lagega.

achchhe saan d ko door tak bhejana kathin hota haian; parantu uttam tatha uchch koti ke saan d ka viry saralatapoorvak desh deshaantaroan se, adhunik vaijnanik riti ke anusar, har samay upalabdh ho sakata hai.

prakritik dhang se ek saan d sal mean keval 100 gauoan ko garbhit kar sakata hai; kritrim riti se usi saan d se 1,000 ko garbhit kiya ja sakata hai. kyoanki ek bar ekatr kiya hua viry kam se kam 8-10 gayoan ko garbhit kar sakata hai aur prashitak (Refrigerator) mean rakhane se kam se kam tin char din tak thik-thik poorn shaktishali rahata hai.

bahut se saan d dekhane mean to hatte katte dikhaee dete haian, kiantu viry mean kharabi hone ke karan unase garbh nahian thaharata. kritrim dhang mean is bat ka bhay nahian hai kyoanki garbhit karane ke pahale aur bad viry ki jaanch poornat: kar li jati hai.

kritrim viryasechan se gay, bhaians-gho di adi ki jananeandriyoan mean rog nahian hote, jo samanyat: rogi saan doan ke sansarg se ho jate haian.

chhoti gay, bhaians adi ko uchch koti ke b de saan d ke b de se b de saan d ke viry ka upayog chhoti se chhoti gauoan adi ke lie kiya ja sakata hai.

kritrim viryasechan dvara looli, lang di, chotahi aur bekar gay, bhaians gho di adi ko bhi garbhit karake bachche prapt kie ja sakate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh