भारतीय दूरसंचार उद्योग

bharatiy doorasanchar udyog duniya ka sabase tezise badhata doorasanchar udyog hai, jisake pas agast 2010 tak 706.37 miliyan teliphon (laiandalains aur mobail) grahak tatha 670.60 miliyan mobail phon kanekshans haian. vayarales kanekshans ki sankhya ke adhar par yah doorasanchar netavark muhaiya karane vale deshoan mean janavadi ganarajy chin ke bad duniya ka doosara sabase b da desh hai. bharatiy mobail grahak adhar akar mean karak ke roop mean ek sau se adhik badhi hai, 2001 mean desh mean grahakoan ki sankhya lagabhag 5 miliyan thi, jo agast 2010 mean badhakar 670.60 miliyan ho gayi hai.

doorasanchar buniyadi suvidha

bharat sanchar nigam limited ki 42 prashikshan keandroan ki vh‍yapak prashikshan vh‍yavash‍tha hai jisamean tin shirsh sh‍tariy prashikshan keandr yatha gajiyabad mean uchh‍ch sh‍tariy doorasanchar prashikshan keandr (eelatitisi), jabalapur mean bharat rath‍n bhimarav aanbedakar iansh‍tityoot aauph telik aaum treniang (biarabiareaeetiti) ,haidarabad mean neshanal akadami aauph telik aaum phaineans eand mainejameant (enetiephem) tatha pradeshik, sarkil aur zila sh‍taroan par 39 anh‍y doorasanchar prashikshan keandr shamil haian. ye prashikshan keandr vibhinh‍n prashikshan zarooratoan yatha doorasanchar prashikshan keandr shamil haian. ye prashikshan keandr vibhinh‍n prashikshan zarooratoan yatha doorasanchar praudyogiki, prabandhan, kanph‍yootar, vitt, nirman vijnan ith‍yadi mean biesenel ke karyapalak aur gair-karyapalak sabhi karmachariyoan ki avashh‍yakataoan ko poora karate haian.

yoonaited neshanh‍s devalapameant program (yooenadipi) tatha aantararashtriy doorasanchar sangh (aeetiyoo), ki sahayata se bharat sarakar dvara 1975 mean sansh‍thapit eelatitisi gajiyabad eshiya ki agraganay prashikshan keandroan mean se ek hai aur yah biesenel tatha eeesasiepi v epiti ke sadash‍y deshoan ke doorasanchar prashasan ki prashikshan sanbandhi avashh‍yakataoan ko poora karata hai. yah keandr nimh‍n, madhh‍yam tatha uchh‍ch sh‍tariy doorasanchar ianjiniyaroan tatha prabandhakoan ke lie haeetek doorasanchar aur adhunik prabandhan prathaoan ka vikas karata hai aur usamean prashikshan pradan karata hai. yah vikasit pathyakram samagri aaudiyoan vijual nirdeshath‍mak upakaran, kanph‍yootar adharit prashikshan, s aauphtaveyar ith‍yadi pradan karane mean sansadhan keandr ke roop mean kary karata hai. yah keandr prashikshanarthiyoan ko bhi prashikshan pradan karata hai. eelatitisi, gajiyabad, ek aeeeso 9001-2000 pramanit sansh‍than hai.

biarabiareaeetiti, jabalapur biesenel ka ek anh‍y pramukh sansh‍than hai jo ki doorasanchar aur soochana praudyogiki mean uchh‍ch gunavatta ka prashikshan pradan karata hai. yah apane adhh‍yapan ki gunavatta ke karan biesenel aeeeso 9001-2000 pramanit bhi hai. kshetriy doorasanchar prashikshan keandr jaise aratitisi, tiroovanantapuram, aratitisi maisoor, atitisi haidarabad, aratitisi kalyani aur sititisi chennee any prashikshan keandr haian jo aeeeso pramanapatr hasil karane mean saphal rahe haian. bharat mean doorasanchar kshetr tezise badalav ke daur se gujar raha hai. nee sevaean jaise br aaudabaiand, vaeephaee, mobail, vipien adi am ho rahi haian. seva pradataoan ki tezise badhati sankhya ki vajah se biesenel ke lie pratispardha badh gee hai. biesenel ke pas vishal prashikshan buniyadi suvidhaean haian jisaki sahayata se vah takaniki chunautiyoan ka samana karane mean saksham hai.

doorasanchar adhiniyam aur nitiyaan

• nee doorasanchar niti 1999
• rashtriy doorasanchar niti 1994
• bharatiy tar adhiniyam, 1885
• bharatiy betar adhiniyam, 1933
• bharatiy doorasanchar niyamak pradhikaran (traee), 1997

mool sevaean

bharatiy doorasanchar niyamak pradhikaran (traee), ki sipharishoan ke adhar par sarakar ne 25 janavari 2001 ko laiseans jari karane ke lie apratibandhit khuli pravishti, chhah seva kshetr jahaan pahale se niji laiseans mile hue haian, ke sath ne besik sarvis aauparetar disha nirdeshoan ki ghoshana ki. ab, keval do buniyadi seva pradata haian arthath biesenel (bahari viando mean khulane vali vebasait) aur ematienel . sabhi niji aauparetar, jo buniyadi seva pradan kar rahe the, ko doorasanchar vibhag ke 11 navanbar 2003 ke dishanirdeshoan ke anusar ekikrit abhigam seva laiseans ke lie sthanaantarit kiya gaya. enatipi-1999 ke ekikrit abhigam (besik aur selular) ko badal diya gaya. bharatiy tar adhiniyam, 1885 (vard - 86 KB) ko janavari 2004 mean sanshodhit kiya gaya aur isake parinamasvaroop 1 aprail 2002 se yooeso phand astitv mean aya. ekikrit laiseans vyavastha ki shuruat:doorasanchar niyamak pradhikaran (traee) ki sipharishoan ko sarakar dvara svikar karane ke parinamasvaroop 31 aktoobar 2003 ko doorasanchar vibhag dvara nee doorasanchar niti-1999 mean ek sanshodhan kar ekikrit pahuanch (besik aur selyular) seva ko shamil kiya gaya. purani niti jahaan ek vishesh takanik ke dvara vibhinn kshetroan mean sabhi doorasanchar/teligraph sevaoan ki upalabdhata sunishchit ki gee vahian sanshodhan ne ek nishchit kshetr mean kisi bhi takanik ke dvara besik aur/ya selyular seva pradan karane ki chhoot seva pradata ko de di. is samay 76 ekikrit pahuanch seva laiseans pradan kie ja chuke haian.

rashtriy lanbi doori seva

rashh‍triy lanbi doori (eneladi) seva niji kshetr ke lie dinaank 13, agash‍t 2000 se kholi gee thi. 2.5 karo d ru; ke netavark aur 2.5 karo d ru. ki pradatt ikh‍viti vali panjikrit bharatiy avedan karane ki patr haian. sanpoorn laiseans avadhi ke dauran kisi bhi samay avedak kanpani mean kul videshi ikh‍viti 74 pratishat se adhik nahian honi chahie. anivasi bharatiy/osibi/aantararashtriy vitt poshan ejeansiyoan dvara avedak kanpani ki ikh‍viti mean nivesh ko isaki videshi ikh‍viti mean gina jaega. laiseans karar par hash‍takshar karane se pahale 2.5 karo d ka pravesh shulh‍k prash‍tut karana hota hai. prachalakoan ki sankhh‍ya par koee pratibandh nahian hai. ek eneladi prachalak desh mean aantar sarkil pariyat ka vahan kar sakata hai. eneladio ke lie laiseans gair-vishishh‍t adhar par 20 varsh ki avadhi ke lie jari kiya jata hai aur ise ek baragi 10 varsh tak badhaya ja sakata hai. bharat sanchar nigam limited ke atirikh‍t aur 28 kanpaniyoan ne rashh‍triy lanbi doori seva hetu laiseans karar par hash‍takshar kie haian. ukh‍t pratish‍pardha ke parinamash‍varoop prashulh‍k mean kami aee hai.

aantararashtriy lanbi doori seva

aantararashtriy lanbi doori seva mukhh‍y roop se videshi kairiyaroan dvara prachalit netavark ko aantararashtriy sanyojakata pradan karane vali ek netavark kairij seva hai. nee doorasanchar niti – 1999 ke anusar, sarakar ne aantararashtriy lanbi doori seva 1 aprail, 2002 se niji prachalakoan ke lie kholi di hai. prachalakoan ki sankhh‍ya par koee pratibandh nahian hai. 2.5 karo d rupaye ke netavarth vali panjikrit bharatiy kanpaniyaan avedan karane ki patr haian. sanpoorn laises avadhi ke dauran kisi bhi samay avedan kanpani kanpani mean kul videshi ikh‍viti 74 pratishat se adhik nahian honi chahie. anivasi bharatiy/osibi/aantararashtriy vitt poshan ejeansiyoan dvara avedak kanpani ki ikh‍viti mean nivesh ko isaki videshi ikh‍viti mean gina jaega. laiseans karar par hash‍takshar karane se pahale 2.5 karo d rupaye ka nishh‍padan baiank garanti sahit 2.5 karo d rupaye ka pravesh shulh‍k prash‍tut karana hota hai. laiseans karar ki tarikh se 20 varshoan ke lie vaidh hai. aantararashtriy lanbi doori seva ke lie ab tak 24 kanpaniyoan ne laiseans karar par hash‍takshar kie haian.

selular seva

yooees ke sath sath siematies ke lie desh 19 (unnis) door sanchar sarkil seva kshetroan aur 4 (char) metro seva kshetroan mean vibhajit hai. chennee mahanagar aur tamilanadu doorasanchar sarkil seva kshetr ka vilay kar 15 sitanbar 2005 se naya laiseans diya gaya. pratyek seva kshetr mean 5-8 seva pradata haian. vartaman mean 185.13 lakh se adhik ( 30 joon 2007 tak) selular upabhokta haian aur yah 6 se 8 lakh pratimah ki dar se badh rahe hai. vartaman mean 60 siematies laiseans haian. laiseans shulk, jo rajasv hissedari ke roop mean hai, samayojit sakal rajasv ke 6 pratishat /8 pratishat/10 pratishat hai, jo apane aaupareshan kshetr par nirbhar karata hai.

iantaranet seva

31 agast 2008 tak iantaranet sevaoan ke pravadhan ke lie 355 laiseans hai. iantaranet seva pradataoan se prapt riportoan ke adhar par bharat mean march 2008 tak lagabhag 11.05 lakh iantaranet grahak haian.

visait-

inaset upagrah pranali ke madhyam se unake siyooji sanchar ke lie visait netavark ki sthapana aur sanchalan ke lie 33 kanpaniyoan/sangathanoan ko laiseans jari kie ge haian. isake alava, 11 vanijyik visait laiseansadhari vanijyik visait sevaoan ka sanchalan kar rahe haian jinhean visait ki peshakash ki anumati hai aur bharat mean 284 prithvi steshan kam kar rahe haian. pratyaksh videshi nivesh 49% se badhakar 74% ho gaya hai.

ekikrit sandesh seva

v aauyas mel/aaudiyotaiks seva ke lie nee niti, enatipi-1999 ke sandarbh mean nee ekikrit sandesh seva (yooemes) julaee 2001 mean ghoshit ki gee thi. yooemes ek aisi vyavastha hai jisamean v aauyas mel, phaiks aur eemel (tinoan) ek mel b aauks mean teliphon upakaran, phaiks mashin, mobail phon, iantaranet braujar adi ka upayog karake prapt kiya ja sakata hai. vartaman mean, sat shaharoan mean in sevaoan ko upalabdh karane ke lie ath kanpaniyoan ke pas 15 laiseans haian.

upagrah dvara gh‍lobal mobail niji sanchar ke lie niti

enatipi-1999 ke anusar gh‍lobal mobail niji sanchar upagrah (jiemapisiem) ke lie laiseans pradan karane sanbandhi niti ko 2 navanbar, 2001 ko aantim roop diya gaya aur isaki ghoshana ki gee. jiemapisies laiseans pradan karane ki prakriya ek pechida prakriya hai. jiemapisies laiseans ka avedan samash‍t prash‍tav sahit vidhi pravartan ejeansi ko suraksha nikasi hetu prash‍tut kiya jata hai. prash‍tav ko aantar-mantralay samiti jisamean sachiv, kaibinet sachiv, raksha sachiv, grih sachiv, sachiv (aantariksh vibhag) aur nideshak (iantelijeans byooro) hote haian, se suraksha ke drishh‍tikon se anapatti praph‍t hone ke pashh‍chat ashay patr jari kiya jata hai. is samay ek avedak kanpani ko jiemapisies laiseans ke lie ashay patr jari kiya ja chuka hai aur laiseans par ab hash‍takshar kie jane haian. is prakriya mean suraksha nigarani ke sanbandh mean jiemapisies getave aur bhoo-sh‍teshan ki jaanch ki shamil hai. laiseans shulh‍k, jo rajash‍v bhagidari ke roop mean hai, samayojit sakal rajash‍v ka 10 (das) pratishat hai aur pravesh shulh‍k ek karo d rupe hai.

dak sanchar

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ajadi ke vakh‍t desh bhar mean 23,344 dakaghar the. inamean se 19,184 dakaghar gramin kshetroan mean aur 4,160 shahari kshetroan mean the. desh bhar mean 31 march, 2008 tak 1,55,035 dakaghar the. jinamean se 1,39,173 dakaghar gramin kshetroan aur 15,862 shahari kshetroan mean the. posh‍tal netavark mean is sat gune vikas ke parinamash‍varoop aj bharat mean vishh‍v ka sabase b da posh‍tal netavark hai.

posh‍tal netavark ke vish‍tar mean, khas taur par gramin kshetroan mean, kafi had tak, dak vibhag ke vishishh‍t tantr aanshakalik atirikh‍t vibhagiy dakakhanoan ko shuroo karane ka yogadan raha hai. is vh‍yavash‍tha ke aantargat vishesh pravadhanoan ke anusar sh‍thaniy nivasiyoan ko niyukh‍t kiya jata hai, jo posh‍t aauphis ki adhikatam 5 ghantoan ki avadhi tak dekhabhal karate haian aur nishh‍chit bhattoan ke bhugatan par patroan ko lane evan pahuanchane ka kam karate haian. bharat mean ek dakaghar 21.20 varg ki.mi. kshetr aur 7174 logoan ki janasankhh‍ya ko apani seva pradan karata hai. vibhag dvara nirdharit janasankhh‍ya, ay evan doori se sanbandhit manakoan ke anuroop hi dakaghar khole jate haian. gramin kshetroan mean dakaghar kholane par sabh‍sidi di jati hai jo parvatiy, regish‍tani aur durgam kshetroan mean lagat ki 85 pratishat tak hoti hai aur samanh‍y gramin kshetroan mean lagat ki 68 pratishat tak hoti hai.

posh‍tal netavark mean char shreniyoan ke dakaghar haian – pradhan dakaghar, up dakaghar, atirikh‍t vibhagiy up-dakaghar aur atirikh‍t vibhagiy shakha dakaghar. sabhi shreniyoan ke dakaghar saman posh‍tal sevaean pradan karate haian. halaanki dilivari ka kam vishishh‍t dakagharoan ke lie nishh‍chit hai. prabandh-niyantran ke lie shakha dakagharoan se kosh ko up-dakagharoan mean aur aant mean pradhan dakaghar mean lakar jama kiya jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• sanchar aur soochana praudyogiki
• biesenel (adhikarik vebasait)