गिरमिट प्रथा

giramit pratha ek pratha hai jo mazadooroan ki bharti ke lie unnisavian shatabdi ke tisare dashak mean arambh ki gee. giramit pratha ke aantargat bharatiy mazadooroan se kisi bagiche par ek nirdharit avadhi tak (pray: paanch se sat sal) kam karane ke lie ek anubandh karaya jata tha. jise am bolachal ki bhasha mean 'giramit pratha' kahane lage.

• 'giramit' se mukt hone par mazadoor ko chhoot rahati thi ki vah ya to bharat laut jae ya svatantr mazadoor ki haisiyat se vahian par upanivesh mean bas jae. yadi vah svadesh lautana chahata tha to use kiraya diya jata tha.
• 'giramit' ki yah samany pratha kahian-kahian par kuchh parivartit roop mean bhi prachalit thi. bharatiy mazadoor anapadh aur asangathit hote the. unhean rozi ki talash thi, isalie nyay ke vichar se shoony dhani thekedar bahudha mazadooroan se manamani shartean bhi kara lete the.
• giramit pratha ke aantargat bahusankhyak bharatiy mazadoor hind mahasagar mean sthit m aaurishas, prashaant mahasagaroan mean sthit fiji, malay prayadvip tatha dvipapuanj, shrilanka, keniya, taanganayaka, ugaanda, dakshin afrika, tranidad, jamayaka aur british gayana gaye. inamean se bahuteroan ne 'giramit mukt' hone par usi sthan par bas jana pansad kiya. ve vahaan par ya to svatantr mazadoor banakar ya chhote-mote vyapari banakar jivika kamane lage.
• is tarah uparyukt british upanivesh mean pravasi bharatiyoan ki kafi b di sankhya ho gee.
• pravasi bharatiyoan ki sankhya jab badhi aur ve samriddh hone lage to un upaniveshoan mean rahane vale gore unase eershya karane lage aur unake virodhi ban gaye.
• goroan ne is bat ko bhula diya ki pravasi bharatiyoan ke purakhoan ko unhian logoan ne apane desh mean amantrit kiya tha aur giramitiya mazadooroan ki sevaoan se bhari labh uthaya tha. unhoanne un upaniveshoan ki samriddhi mean utana hi yogadan diya tha, jitana vahaan ke gore nivasiyoan ne. ab chooanki ve goroan ki gulami nahian karana chahate the, to unhean avaanchhit vyakti karar diya gaya. is tarah giramit pratha ke karan jatiy bhedabhav par adharit nayi samasyaean uth kh di hueean, jinaka abhi tak samadhan nahian ho saka hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

• pustak 'bharatiy itihas kosh' prishth sankhya-126