पंचतंत्र
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav" |
panchatantr ko sanskrit bhasha mean paanch nibandh ya adhyay bhi kaha jata hai. upadeshaprad bharatiy pashukathaoan ka sangrah, jo apane mool desh tatha poore vishv mean vyapak roop se prasarit hua. yoorop mean is pustak ko d febals aauf bidapaee[1] ke nam se jana jata hai. isaka ek sanskaran vahaan 11vian shatabdi mean hi pahuanch gaya tha.
siddhaant roop mean panchatantr niti ki pathy pustak[2] ke roop mean racha gaya hai; isaki sooktiyaan paropakar ki jagah chaturaee aur ghaghapan ko mahimamandit karati jan p dati hai. isake mool granth sanskrit gady aur chhand padoan ka mishran hai, jisake paanch bhagoan mean se ek mean kathaean hai. isaki bhoomika mean samoochi pustak ke sar ko sameanta gaya hai. vishnu sharman namak ek vidvan brahman ko in kahaniyoan ka rachayita bataya gaya hai, jo upadeshaprad pashukathaoan ke madhyam se ek raja ke tin mandabuddhi betoan ko shiksha pradan karate the.
ab vilupt ho chuki mool sanskrit kriti sanbhavat: 100 ee.poo. se 500 ee. ke bich kisi samay astitv mean aee. chhathi shatabdi mean eeran ke shahi chikitsk burzoan ne pahalavani[3] mean isaka anuvad kiya. halaanki yah kriti bhi ab kho chuki hai, isaka siriyaee anuvad, ibn al mukaffa (mri.-760 ee.) dvara kiye isake prasiddh arabi anuvad ke sath ab bhi upalabdh hai. ise do siyaroan ki pahali kahani ke adhar par "kalilah va dimanah" ke nam se jana jata hai. "kalilah va dimanah" ka doosara siriyaee sanskaran aur 11 vian shatabdi ka yoonani yoonani sanskaran stefnaits kaee ichanelets samet kee any sanskaran prakashit hue, jinake laitin evan vibhinn slaviyaee bhashaoan mean isaka anuvad hua. lekin adhikaansh yooropiy sanskaranoan ka stro 12 vian shatabdi mean raibaee joel dvara anudin hibroo sanskaran hai.
isaka 15 vian shatabdi ka eerani[4] sanskaran anavar e suheli par adharit hai. panchatantr ki kahaniyaan java ke purane likhit sahity aur sanbhavat: maukhik roop se bhi iandoneshiya tak pahuanchi. bharat mean 12 vian shatabdi mean narayan dvara rachit "hitopradesh"[5], jo adhikaanshat: bangal mean prasarit hua, panchatantr ki samragi ki ek svatantr prastuti jan p data hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh