संस्कृत
[[chitr:Sanskrit- sloka.jpg|thumb|sanskrit bhasha me shlok]] sanskrit (aangrezi: Sanskrit) bharat ki ek shastriy bhasha hai. yah duniya ki sabase purani ullikhit bhashaoan mean se ek hai. sanskrit hindi-yooropiy bhasha parivar ki mukhy shakha hindi-eerani bhasha ki hindi-ary upashakha ki mukhy bhasha hai. adhunik bharatiy bhashaean hindi, marathi, sindhi, panjabi, bangala, u diya, nepali, kashmiri, urdoo adi sabhi bhashaean isi se utpann haian. in sabhi bhashaoan mean yooropiy banjaroan ki romani bhasha bhi shamil hai. sanskrit ka arth hai- sanskar ki huee bhasha. isaki ganana sansar ki prachinatam jnat bhashaoan mean hoti hai. sanskrit ko devavani bhi kahate haian.
visheshataean
- hindoo dharm ke lagabhag sabhi dharmagranth sanskrit bhasha mean hi likhe hue haian. aj bhi hindoo dharm ke yajn aur pooja sanskrit bhasha mean hi hote haian.
- adhunik vidvan manate haian ki sanskrit bhasha paanch hazar saloan se chalati a rahi hai.
- bharatavarsh mean yah aryabhasha sarvadhik mahattvapoorn, vyapak aur sanpann hai. isake dvara bharat ki utkrishtatam pratibhaean, amooly chiantan, manan, vivek, rachanatmak, srijan aur vaicharik jnan ki abhivyakti huee hai.
- vartaman mean bhi sabhi kshetroan mean is bhasha ke dvara pustak sanrachana ki dhara abadh roop se bah rahi hai. aj bhi yah bhasha[1] boli, padhi aur likhi jati hai. isamean vyakhyan hote haian aur bharat ke vibhinn pradeshik bhasha-bhashi yogyajan isaka paraspar vartalap mean bhi prayog karate haian.
- hianduoan ke saanskarik karyoan mean aj bhi yah prayukt hoti hai. isi karan grik aur laitin adi prachin mrit bhashaoan[2] se sanskrit ki sthiti sarvatha bhinn hai. yah amar bhasha hai.
- rrigved sansar ka sabase prachin granth hai. rrigved ke mantroan ka vishay samanyat: yajnoan mean ki jane vali devataoan ki stuti hai aur ye mantr gitatmak kavy haian.
- yajurved ki shukl aur krishna do shakhaean haian. isamean karmakaand ke kuchh pramukh padyoan ka aur kuchh gady ka sangrah hai. eeshopanishad isi ka aantim bhag hai.
- samaved mean, jisaka sankalan yajnoan mean vina adi ke sath gane ke lie kiya gaya hai, 75 maulik mantroan ko chho dakar shesh rrigved ke mantroan ka hi sankalan hai.
- atharvaved ki bhi shaunak aur paippalad namak do shakhaean haian. is ved mean jadoo-tona, vashikaran adi vishayak mantroan ke sath-sath rashtraprem ke sookt bhi milate haian. yah pratham tin vedoan se bhinn tatha grihy aur samajik karyakalapoan se sanbandhit hai.
- sanskrit bhasha ke do roop mane jate haian vaidik ya chhaandas aur laukik. char ved sanhitaoan ki bhasha hi vaidik ya chhaandas kahalati hai. isake bad ke granthoan ko laukik kaha gaya hai.
- brahman granthoan mean yajnoan ke karmakaand ka vivechan hai. pratyek ved ke alag-alag brahman haian. rrigved, ke brahman 'aitarey' aur 'kaushitaki' yajurved ka 'shatapath aur samaved ka 'panchaviansh' hai. brahman granthoan ke bad akhyakoan aur upanishadoan ka kram ata haian upanishadoan ka karmakaand se koee sanbandh nahian hai. ye eeshvar, prakriti aur unake parasparik sanbandh ki brahm vidya ki vivechana karate haian.
- upanishadoan ki kul jnat sankhya 18 hai jinamean ye das pramukh haian- eesh, brihadaranyak, aitarey, kaushitaki, ken, chhaandyogy, taittariy, kath, mandrak, aur maandooky. ye upanishad prachin haian. kuchh ki rachana bahut bad tak hoti rahi hai, jaise 'allopanishad' jo spashtat: musalamanoan ke agaman ke bad likha gaya.
- sanskrit, tamil ko chho dakar sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan ki mata hai. inaki adhikaansh shabdavali ya to sanskrit se li gayi hai ya sanskrit se prabhavit hai.
- hindoo, bauddh, jain adi dharmoan ke prachin dharmik granth sanskrit mean hi haian.
- hinduoan ke sabhi pooja-path aur dharmik sanskar ki bhasha sanskrit hi hai.
- hinduoan, bauddhoan aur jainoan ke nam bhi sanskrit bhasha par adharit hote haian.
- bharatiy bhashaoan ki takaniki shabdavali bhi sanskrit se hi vyutpann ki jati hai.
- sanskrit, bharat ko ekata ke sootr mean baandhati hai.
- sanskrit ka prachin sahity atyadhik prachin, vishal aur vividhata se poorn hai. isamean adhyatm, darshan, jnan-vijnan aur sahity ki bharapoor samagri hai. sanskrit sahity vividh vishayoan ka bhandar hai. isaka prabhav sampoorn vishv ke chiantan par p da hai.
- bharat ki sanskriti ka yah ekamatr sudridh adhar hai. bharat ki lagabhag sabhi bhashaean apane shabd-bhandar ke lie aj bhi sanskrit par ashrit haian.
- sanskrit ko kampyootar ke liye sabase upayukt bhasha mana gaya hai.
- bharat ke sanvidhan mean sanskrit athavian anusoochi mean sammilit any bhashaoan ke sath virajaman hai.
pauranik mahattv
hindoo samaj vedoan ko anadi aur apaurushey manata aya hai lekin adhunik vidvanoan ke ek varg ne vedoan ka rachana kal 6000 ee.poo. se lekar 2500 ee.poo. tak tatha brahman granthoan aur upanishadoan ka samay isake bad ka nirdharit kiya hai. sanskrit sahity mean vaidik vaandmay ke bad vyas rachit mahabharat aur valmiki rachit ramayan prasiddh granth hai. mahabharat ko usake vistrit jnan-bhandar ko dekhate hue paanchavaan ved bhi kaha jata hai. vishay ki drishti se ramayan ki katha treta yug ki hai aur mahabharat dvapar yug ki. itihasakaroan ke matanusar, mahabharat ka rachana-kal ramayan se pahale ka hai. 18 parvoan ka yah granth ee.poo. chauthi-tisari shatabdi tak apana mool roop le chuka tha. mahabharat se akhyanoan ki paranpara aranbh hoti hai aur ramayan se mahakavy aur khand kavyoan ki; jis paranpara mean kalidas jaise kavi hue.
- puranoan ka apana mahattv hai. ye srishti, lay, manvantaroan, prachin rrishi-muniyoan tatha rajavanshoan ke charitr par prakash dalate haian. inaka rachanakal doosari-tisari shatabdi se athavian-navian shatabdi tak mana jata hai. inaka mahattv tatkalin bharat ki sabhyata aur sanskriti ke adhyayan ki drishti se vishesh hai. kul puran 18 haian- vishnu, padm, brahm, shiv, bhagavat, narad, markandey, agni, brahmavaivart, liang, varah, skand, vaman, koorm, matsy, garu d, brahmaand aur bhavishy.
- smritiyaan, jinamean 'manusmriti', 'yajnavalky smriti', 'narad smriti' aur 'parashar smriti' mukhy haian, doosari-tisari shatabdi ki rachanaean mani jati hai. 'amarakosh' ki rachana chauthi–paanchavian eesvi mean huee. kautily ka 'arthashastr' apane vishay ka ekamatr granth hai jisamean rajy prabandh, rajaniti, samajik, arthik sangathan ki saangopaang vivechana ki gee hai.
sanskrit vishvavidyalayoan ki soochi
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bahari k diyaan
- sanskrit bhasha kal mean vibhinn samasamayik any lokabhashaoan/ janabhashaoan ka vyavahar -prophesar mahavir saran jain
- bharopiy parivar ki bharatiy ary bhashaean -prophesar mahavir saran jain
sanbandhit lekh