प्लेग

pleg ka parichay

vishv mean pleg|thumb|250px pleg (Plague) rog - ek bahut hi khataranak aur ek mahamari ka rog hai. yah ek prakar ka sankramak rog hai. agar sankraman ki shuruat mean hi ilaj nahian kiya jae to ye bimari ghatak bhi sabit ho sakati hai, is rog ko aur bhi kee namoan se jana jata haian jaise - taoon, goti vala jvar. isako agnirohini tatha sanskrit mean aupasargik sannipat ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. pleg ki vajah se 14 vian sadi mean yoorop ki ek tihaee abadi mari gee thi. sadiyoan bad aj bhi vishv mean prativarsh pleg ki lagabhag 2000 varadatean samane ati hai. bharat mean 1994 mean nyoom aaunik pleg phail gaya tha

karan

yerasiniya pestis baiktiriya|thumb|150px yah ek baiktiriya rog hai . yah yerasiniya pestis ( Yersinia pestis )/ besilus pestis (poorv nam - pestoorela pestis) namak baiktiriya ke sankraman se hoti hai. byoobonik pleg isaka prachalit prakar hai. ye kitanu silan vale sthanoan, koo da - karakat tatha s di - gali chijoan mean panapata hai. ye rog un padarthoan mean bhi phailata hai jinamean se gandi badaboo ati hai tatha bhap nikalati haian. in kitanuoan ka hamala pahale - pahale choohoan ke pissuoan par hota hai aur phir yah bimari choohoan ke dvara manushyoan ko bhi ho jati hai. jin vyaktiyoan ke sharir mean pahale se hi dooshit dravy jama rahata hai un vyaktiyoan ko yah rog jaldi ho jata hai. jin vyaktiyoan ke sharir mean rogoan se l dane ki shakti kam hoti hai, un vyaktiyoan ko bhi yah rog ho jata hai. jin vyaktiyoan ke sharir mean dooshit dravy nahian hota hai un vyaktiyoan ka ye kitanu kuchh bhi nahian biga d pate haian. pleg ka pissu kit - Xenopsylla cheopis|thumb|200px pleg ki bimari me cham di me inphekshan pravesh karake lianphetik tak jata hai . jaisa ki prayah kit patangoan ke inphekshan mean hota hai, byabonik pleg me lianphetik sansthan ka inphekshan hota hai . prayah sankramit makkhi ke katane se hota hai . ye makkhiy aauan choohoan jaise krintako par paee jati hai aur inaka mejaban krintak marane par doosare ko shikar banati haian . ek bar jamane par baiktiriya limph nod par akraman karake badhane lagate haian . varasiniya pestis phaigosaitosis se bachate haian aur phaigosaeet ke andar jananakar use samapt bhi kar dete haian aur jaise jaise rog badhata hai limphakod se rakt ka risav hota hai isaka poora parigalan ho jata hai .

phailav

pleg ki bimari ka phailav|thumb|250px pleg ki bimari anek karanoan se phailati hai. prithvi par paryavaran pradooshan jaise pani v hava adhik dooshit ho jati hai jisase vatavaran mean vishaile jivanu phail jate haian. vishaile jivanu jab kit banakar vatavaran mean phailate haian to yah mahamari ka roop le lete haian jo pleg ki bimari ke roop mean any jivoan v manushyoan mean phail jate haian. jab gharoan mean choohe mar jate haian aur marane ke bad agar vah kee dinoan tak ghar mean p de rahate hai to usamean se nikalane vali vishaili badaboo pleg ka karan ban jati hai. pleg ki bimari ka phailav vale choohe|thumb|150px choohoan ke sharir par palane vale kitanuoan ki vajah se bhi pleg ki bimari phailati hai aur ye atyant sankramak hoti hai. pleg ke mariz ki saans aur thook ke zarie unake sanpark mean ane vale logoan mean bhi pleg ke baiktiriya ka sankraman ho sakata hai. isalie pleg ke marizoan ka ilaj karate samay ya unake sanpark mean rahate samay ehatiyat baratane ki avashyakata hoti hai.

lakshan

pleg ki bimari ke jivanu sabase pahale khoon ko prabhavit karate haian jisake karan rogi ko tej bukhar jak d leta hai. is prakar ki bimari hone par kuchh samay mean hi bukhar bahut hi vishal roop le leta hai aur rogi ke hath - paanv mean ak dan hone lagati hai. is rog ke hone par rogi ke sir mean tej dard, pasaliyoan ka dard, ultiyaan evan dast hote rahate haian. isake sath-sath rogi ki aankhe lal ho jati hai aur kaph v peshab ke sath khoon nikalane lagata hai. is rog ke hone par rogi ko bechaini badh jati hai. pleg ki bimari panapane mean ek se sat din lag sakate haian.

prakar

pleg 4 prakar ka hota hai - 1. byoobonik 2. nyoobyonik 3. septisam 4. iantesatinal.

• byoobonik - jab pleg ke rog mean rogi ko gilti nikal ati hai to use bebakyooniang kahate haian.
• nyoobyonik - pleg rog hone par rogi ke pheph doan mean jalan utpann hone lagata hai to use nyoobyonik kahate haian.
• septisam - pleg rog se grast rogi ka jab khoon dooshit hokar kharab ho jata hai to septisam kahate haian.
• iantesatinal - jab pleg rog se grast rogi ki ant diyoan mean vikar utpann hone lagata hai to iantesatinal kahate haian.

byoobonik pleg (Bubonic plague)(gilti vale pleg) -

byoobonik pleg ka lakshan|thumb|250px jab kisi vyakti ko pleg rog ho jata hai to usaki jaangh, gardan adi aangoan ki granthiyoan mean dard ke sath soojan ho jati hai, is rog se pi dit rogi ki gilti ek ke bad doosari phir tisari soojati hai aur phir phootati hai. kabhi - kabhi ek sath kee giltiyaan nikal ati hai aur dard karane lagati hai. jise byooboj kahate haian aur bukhar ata hai . yadi giltiyaan 4 - 5 dinoan mean phoot jati hai aur bukhar utar jata hai to use achchha samajhana chahie nahian to is rog ka parinam aur bhi jyada khataranak ho sakata hai. lekin kuchh samay mean ye 7 - 10 dinoan ke bad phootati hai. is prakar ka pleg rog adhik hota hai. byoob aaunik pleg mukhyataya choohoan ke sharir par palane vale pissuoan ke katane ki vajah se phailati hai. ye bimari keval mariz ke sanpark mean ane se to nahian lagati lekin mariz ki granthiyoan se nikale dravyoan ke sidhe sanpark mean ane se byoob aaunik pleg ho sakata hai.

nyoomonik pleg (Pneumonic plague) -

nyoomonik pleg ka lakshan|thumb|250px nyoom aaunik pleg ki varadatean apekshakrit kam hoti haian, nyoomonik pleg rog jab kisi vyakti ko ho jata hai to isaka akraman sabase pahale pheph doan par hota hai jo pheph doan ka inphekshan hota hai . isake parinam svaroop nimoniya panapakar teji se phailata hai aur rogi vyakti ko kee prakar ke rog ho jate haian jaise- khaansi, saans lene mean kasht, s aauans ka bharipan, chhati mean dard, dam phoolana, sharir mean thand lagakar sir mean dard hona, na di mean tej dard, kaleje mean dard, pralap, pith mean dard tatha pheph doan se rakt ka srav hona adi aur chikitsa n kiye jane par tivr shvasan phelayar ho jata hai . nyoomonik pleg rog gilti vale pleg rog se bahut adhik ghatak hota hai tatha rogi vyakti ko bahut adhik pareshan karata hai. amataur par yah kam ghatak hota hai kintu yah khataranak aur chikitsa n karane par ghatak hota hai . nyoom aaunik pleg zyada sankramak hai. ye bimari rogi ke sidh sanpark mean ane se usaki saansoan ya khaansi se nikale baiktiriya ke sankraman se ho sakata hai.

septisimik pleg (Septicemic plague)(sharir mean s dan paida karane vala pleg) -

jab yah pleg kisi vyakti ko ho jata hai to rogi ke sharir ke kee aang siku d kar s dane lagate haian aur rogi ke sharir ka khoon jaharila ho jata hai. rogi ki sharirik kriyaean band ho jati haian. is rog ke hone ke karan rogi ko bahut adhik pareshani hoti hai. jab yah pleg kisi vyakti ko ho jata hai to vah vyakti 2-3 dinoan se adhik jivit nahian rah pata hai.

iantestinal pleg (aantrik pleg) -

is rog ka prakop rogi vyakti ki aanto par hota hai. is rog ke karan rogi vyakti ka pet phoolane lag jata hai aur usake pet aur kamar mean dard hone lagata hai tatha use dast bhi hone lagate haian. jab rogi vyakti ko yah rog hone vala hota hai to usaki tabiyat giri-giri si rahane lagati hai tatha usake sharir mean susti aur kamajori badh jati hai. rogi ki yah avastha 1 ghante se lekar 7 dinoan tak rah sakati hai. phir isake bad rog ka prakop aur bhi tej ho jata hai. jab rogi ki avastha jyada gambhir ho jati hai to use thand lagane lagati hai tatha tej bukhar ho jata hai, rogi ke sir mean dard hota hai, rogi ke hath-pair aithane lagate haian. rogi vyakti ke sharir mean dard hota hai tatha use bahut adhik kamajori a jati hai. rogi vyakti ke galoan ka rang pila p d jana, aankhoan ke age gaddhean ho jana, na di aur shvas mean tivrata, bhookh kam ho jana, avaj dhima ho jana, chaitana shoony, pralap, peshab ka kam banana ya bilkul n banana, muanh tatha jananendriyoan se raktasrav hona, aniandra tatha jibh ka lal ho jana tatha soojan ho jana adi lakshan rogi mean dikhane lagata hai.

upay

pleg rog choohe ke dvara hi ek se doosare vyakti tak pahuanchata hai. aise mean pleg rog se grast choohe marane lagate haian. pleg rog se bachane ka sabase achchha upay hai, jis ghar mean pleg rog ke jivanu phail gaye ho us ghar ko chho d dean. yadi us ghar ko chho d nahian sakate to ghar ko achchhi tarah saph v svachchh rakhean. choohoan ko apane ghar se door rakhana chahie tatha naliyoan, batharoom adi ko phinayal se dhulava lena chahie. ghar ko svachchh rakhane ke lie havan karana chahie aur kabhi - kabhi nim ki sookhi pattiyoan ko jalakar ghar ke kone - kone mean dhuana lagana chahie. yadi chooha mar jae to use door pheankava dena chahie ya mitti mean gaddha khodakar gadhava dena chahie.

prakritik chikitsa ke dvara upay

in sabhi pleg rogoan se bachane ke lie kuchh prakritik chikitsa ke dvara upay:-

• pleg rog se bachane ke lie vyaktiyoan ko yah dhyan rakhana chahie ki jaise hi ghar mean choohean mar jaean use ghar se bahar chho d dena chahie tatha jahaan par rah rahe ho us jagah par saph-saphaee ka dhyan dena chahie.
• vyaktiyoan ko sada tatha jaldi pachane vale bhojan karana chahie tatha pet mean kabj nahian hone dena chahie.
• enima kriya ke dvara pet ko saph karate rahana chahie.
• bajar ki chijean, mithaiyaan, dooshit doodh, s di - gali bhojy padarth adi nahian khane chahie.
• yadi sharir mean vijatiy dravy (dooshit drav) jama ho gaya hai to use jaldi hi sharir se bahar nikalane ke upay karana chahie. sharir se dooshit drav ko bahar nikalane ke lie prakritik chikitsa se upachar karana chahie. vah vyakti jisake sharir mean dooshit drav nahian hota usake sharir mean chahean kitane hi taoon ki de chale jaai, us vyakti ko yah rog nahian ho sakata hai.
• jin gharoan ke as - pas ke vyaktiyoan ko yadi pleg ka rog ho gaya ho to svasthy logoan ko kapoor ka ek tuk da sadaiv apane pas rakhana chahie aur bhojan ke sath pyaj avashy khana chahie.
• subah ke samay mean uthate hi ek gilas pani mean nianboo ke ras ko milakar pina chahie isase pleg rog nahian hota hai.
• shauch karane ke bad rogi vyakti ko apane hath-pair ko achchhi tarah se dhokar khule sthan mean vayu ka sevan karane ke lie nikal jana chahie.
• rogi vyakti ko pratidin kam se kam 20 minat tak dhoop se apane sharir ki sikaee karani chahie aur phir snan karana chahie.
• vyaktiyoan ko pratidin gahari saans lene vale vyayam karana chahie.

upachar

lianph granthi aur rakt ke namoonoan mean baiktiriya dekhe jate haian . rog ka nidan lakshanik byooboj ke prakat hone se ho jata hai .

elopaithik ilaj

• eantibayotik ka upayog hi isaki chikitsa hai . ye eantibayotik haian - emanoglaikosaeed, streptomaisin aur jentamaisin, tetrasaiklin, d aauksisaiklin aur phloorokyoonilon samooh ke siprophloksin . in davaiyoan se pleg ka prabhavi dhang se ilaj kiya ja sakata hai.
• lekin agar ilaj na kiya jae to bimari se pi dit logoan ki mrityu dar 90 pratishat tak ho sakati hai.
• pleg se bachane ke lie tika vikasit karane ke lie shodhakary jari haian lekin abhi tak koee tika upalabdh nahian hai.
• bharat mean 1994 mean pashchimi kshetroan mean 50 se zyada logoan ki byoob aaunik pleg se maut ho gee thi.

prakritik chikitsa

in sabhi pleg rogoan ko thik karane ke lie prakritik chikitsa se upachar:-

• jaise hi vyakti ko pleg rog hone ka lakshan dikhaee dean, chahe soojan ho ya n athava bukhar ho ya n, turant hi pet ko saph karane ke lie enima kriya karani chahie. phir isake bad poore sharir par ek bar stimabath kam se kam adhe ghante tak karana chahie.
• rogi vyakti ko turant muanh mean bhap dena chahie tatha isake sath-sath rogi vyakti ko char-char ghante bad stimabath karana chahie. phir isake bad mehanasnan aur udarasnan karana chahie. pahala snan to stimabath ke bad lena chahie tatha doosara snan tin se char ghante ke aantaral par lena chahie. yadi pahale din ke stimabath se paryapt pasina ae to doosare din ek aur stimabath savadhani ke sath lena chahie. yadi pasina n nikale to pedoo par gili patti lagani chahie. yadi gilti nikal aee ho to us par do - do ghante ke bad 15 minat tak bhap dekar baki samay us par mitti ki gili patti, barph ka jal ya khoob thande jal se bhige kapade ki ushnakar patti ya thandi patti hi baandhani chahie.
• rogi vyakti ko asamani rang ki botal ka sooryatapt jal 25 gram ki matra mean pratyek 5 minat ke aantaral par rogi vyakti ko pilana chahie.
• pleg rog se pi dit rogi ka jab tak rog thik n ho jae tab tak rogi ko upavas rakhana chahie. yadi rogi ki avastha bahut adhik gambhir ho gee hai to sharir par gile kap de ki patti ek ghanta tak baandhana chahie. phir isake bad spanjabath karana chahie isase rogi ko bahut labh milata hai.
• yadi rogi nyoomoniya pleg se pi dit hai to usaki chhati par mitti ki gili patti din mean do se tin bar baandhani chahie. rogi ke sir mean dard ho raha ho to usake sir par bhi mitti ki gili patti ya phir kap de ki thandi patti baandhani chahie aur in patihtayoan ko tho de - tho de samay par badalate rahana chahie.
• is prakar se rogi vyakti ka upachar prakritik chikitsa se karean to usaka pleg rog kuchh hi dinoan mean thik ho jayega.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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poornata

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