अयोध्यासिंह उपाध्याय 'हरिऔध'

kh di boli ko kavy bhasha ke pad par pratishthit karane vale kaviyoan mean ayodhyasianh upadhyay ka nam bahut adar se liya jata hai. apaka janm zila ajamagadh ke nizamabad namak sthan mean sanh 1865 ee. mean hua tha. unnisavian shatabdi ke antim dashak mean 1890 ee. ke as-pas apane sahity seva ke kshetr mean padarpan kiya. apaki mrityu 1947 ee. mean lagabhag 76 varsh ki ayu mean huee.

=kritiyaan

yah arambh mean natak tatha upanyas lekhan ki or akarshit hue. inaki do naty kritiyaan 'pradyumn vijay' tatha 'rumini parinay' kramash: 1893 ee. tatha 1894 ee. mean prakashit hueean. 1894 ee. mean hi inaka pratham upanyas 'premakanta' bhi prakashan mean aya. bad mean do any aupanyasik kritiyaan 'theth hindi ka thath' (1899 ee.) aur 'adhakhila phool' (1907 ee.) nam se prakashit huee. ye natak tatha upanyas sahity ke unake prarambhik prayas hone ki drishti se ullekhaniy haian. in kritiyoan mean natyakala athava upanyasakala ki visheshataean dhooandhana tarkasangat nahian haian.

kh di boli ke pratham mahakavi

upadhyay ji ki pratibha ka vikas vastut: kavi roop mean hua. kh di boli ka pratham mahakavi hone ka shrey inhian ko hai. 'hariaudh' ke upanam se inhoanne anek chhote-b de kavyoan ki srishti ki, jinaki sankhya pandrah se oopar hai-

• 'rasik rahasy' (1899 ee.),
• 'premambuvaridhi' (1900 ee.),
• 'prem prapanch' (1900 ee.),
• 'pramambu prashravan' (1901 ee.),
• 'premambu pravah' (1901 ee.),
• 'prem pushpahar' (1904 ee.),
• 'udabodhan' (1906 ee.),
• 'kavyopavan' (1909 ee.),
• 'priyapravas' (1914 ee.),
• 'karmavir' (1916 ee.),
• 'rritu mukur' (1917 ee.),
• 'padmaprasoon' (1925 ee.),
• 'padmapramod' (1927 ee.),
• 'chokhechaupade' (1932 ee.),
• 'vaidehi banavas' (1940 ee.),
• 'chubhate chaupade',
• 'rasakalash' adi.

sarvadhik prasiddhi

hariaudh ko kavi roop mean sarvadhik prasiddhi unake prabandh kavy 'priyapravas' ke karan mili. 'priyapravas' ki rachana se poorv ki kavy kritiyaan kavita ki disha mean unake prayog ki parichayika haian. in kritiyoan mean prem aur shrriangar ke vibhinn pakshoan ko lekar kavy rachana ke lie kie ge abhyas ki jhalak milati hai. 'priyapravas' ko isi kram mean lena chahie. 'priyapravas' ke bad ki kritiyoan mean 'chokhe chaupade' tatha 'vaidehi banavas' ullekhaniy haian. 'chokhe chaupade' lokabhasha ke prayog ki drishti se mahatvapoorn hai. 'priyapravas' ki rachana sanskrit ki komal kant padavali mean huee hai aur usamean tatsam shabdoan ka bahuly hai. 'chokhe chaupade' mean muhavaroan ke bahuly tatha lokabhasha ke samavesh dvara kavi ne yah siddh kar diya hai ki vah apani sidhi sadi jaban ko bhoola nahian hai. 'vaidehi banavas' ki rachana dvara ek aur prabandh srishti ka prayatn kiya gaya hai. akar ki drishti se yah granth chhota nahian hai, kintu isamean 'priyapravas' jaisi tazagi aur kavyatv ka abhav hai.

priyapravas

'priyapravas' ek sashakt vipralambh kavy hai. kavi ne apani is kriti mean krishna katha ke ek marmik paksh ko kianchith maulikata aur ek nootan drishtikon prastut kiya hai. shrikrishna ke mathura-gaman ke uparant brajavasiyoan ke virahasantapt jivan tatha manobhavoan ka hridayasparshi aankan prastut karane mean unhean bahut hi saphalata prapt huee hai. sanskrit ki samast tatha komal-kant padavali se alankrit evan sanskrit varn vrittoan mean likhit yah rachana kh di boli ka pratham mahakavy hai. ramachandr shukl ne ise akar ki drishti se b da kaha kintu unhean is kriti mean samuchit kathanak ka abhav pratit hua aur isi abhav ka ullekh karate hue unhoanne isake prabandhatv evan mahakavyatv ko asvikar kar diya hai. shukl ji se saralatapoorvak sahamat nahian hua ja sakata. prabandh kavy sambandhi kuchh tho di-si rudhiyoan ko chho d diya jae to is kavy mean prabandhatv ka darshan asani se kiya ja sakata hai. yah sach hai ki oopar se dekhane par isaka kathanak pravas prasang tak hi simit hai, kintu 'hariaudh' ne apane kalpana kaushal ke dvara, isi simit kshetr mean shri krishna ke jivan ki vyapak jhakiyaan prastut karane ke avasar dhooandh nikale haian. is kavy ki ek aur visheshata yah hai ki isake nayak shrikrishna shuddh manav roop mean prastut kie ge haian. ve lokasanrakshan tatha vishvakalyan ki bhavana se paripoorn manushy adhik haian aur avatar athava eeshvar nam matr ke.

any sahityik krititv

hariaudh ke any sahityik krititv mean unake brajabhasha kavy sangrah 'rasakalash' ko vismrit nahian kiya ja sakata hai. isamean unaki arambhik sphut kavitaean sankalit haian. ye kavitaean shrriangarik haian aur kavy-siddhant niroopan ki drishti se likhi gayi haian. inhoanne gady aur alochana ki or bhi kuchh-kuchh dhyan diya tha. kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay hindi ke avaitanik adhyapak pad par kary karate hue inhoanne 'kabir vachanavali' ka sampadan kiya. 'vachanavali' ki bhoomika mean kabir par likhe ge lekhoan se inaki alochana drishti ka pata chalata hai. inhoanne 'hindi bhasha aur sahity ka vikas' shirshak ek itihas granth bhi prastut kiya, jo bahut hi lokapriy hua.

kh di boli kavy-rachana

ayodhyasianh upadhyay kh di boli kavy ke nirmataoan mean ate haian. inhoanne apane kavi karm ka shubharambh brajabhasha se kiya. 'rasakalash' ki kavitaoan se pata chalata hai ki is bhasha par inaka achchha adhikar tha, kintu inhoanne samay ki gati shighr hi pahachan li aur kh di boli kavy-rachana karane lage. kavy bhasha ke roop mean inhoanne kh di boli ka parimarjan aur sanskar kiya. 'priyapravas' ki rachana karake inhoanne sanskrit garbhit komal-kantapadavali sanyukt bhasha ka abhijat roop prastut kiya. 'chokhe chaupade' tatha 'chubhate chaupade' dvara kh di boli ke muhavara saundary evan usake laukik svaroop ki jhaanki di. chhandoan ki drishti se inhoanne sanskrit hindi tatha urdoo sabhi prakar ke chhandoan ka dh dalle se prayog kiya. ye pratibhasampann manavavadi kavi the. inhoanne 'priyapravas' mean shrikrishna ke jis manaviy svaroop ki pratishtha ki hai, usase inake adhunik drishtikon ka pata chalata hai. inake shrikrishna 'rasaraj' ya 'natanagar' hone ki apeksha lokarakshak neta haian.

samman

jivanakal mean inhean yathochith samman mila tha. 1924 ee. mean inhoanne hindi sahity sammelan ke pradhan pad ko sushobhit kiya tha. kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay inaki sahity sevaoan ka moolyaankan karate hue inhean hindi ke avaitanik adhyapak ka pad pradan kiya. ek amerikan 'enasaiklopidiya' ne inaka parichay prakashit karate hue inhean vishv ke sahity seviyoan ki pankti pradan ki. kh di boli kavy ke vikas mean inaka yogadan nishchit roop se bahut mahatvapoorn hai. yadi 'priyapravas' kh di boli ka pratham mahakavy hai to 'hariaudh' kh di boli ke pratham mahakavi.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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