केसर

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is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

kesar

200px|kesar ki kheti

kesar ki kheti

200px|kesar ka paudha

kesar ka paudha

200px|kesar ka phool

kesar ka phool

200px|kesar ke 3 tantu

kesar ke 3 tantu

200px|tantu

tantu

200px|kesar

kesar

200px|kesar

kesar

parichay --

• kesar ka vanaspatik nam krokas saitaivas (Crocus sativus) hai. aangrezi mean ise saipharan (saffron) nam se jana jata hai. yah iridesi (Iridaceae) kul ka kshudr vanaspati hai jisaka mool sthan dakshin yoorop hai. 'airis' parivar ka yah sadasy lagabhag 80 prajatiyoan mean vishv ke vibhinn bhoo-bhagoan mean paya jata hai. vishv mean kesar ugane vale pramukh desh haian - phraans, spen, bharat, eeran, itali, gris, jarmani, japan, roos, astriya, turkistan, chin evan svitazaralaiand. aj sabase adhik kesar ugane ka shrey spen ko jata hai, isake bad eeran ko. kul utpadan ka 80% in donoan deshoan mean ugaya ja raha hai, jo lagabhag 300 tan prativarsh hai.

• kesar ki kheti bharat ke jammoo (kistavar) tatha kashmir (pamapur) ke simit kshetroan mean adhik ki jati hai. parantu kuchh rajanaitik karanoan se aj usaki kheti buri tarah prabhavit hai. yahaan ki kesar halki, patali, lal rang vali, kamal ki tarah sundar gandhayukt hoti hai. asali kesar bahut mahangi hoti hai. kashmiri moangara sarvotam mani gee hai. ek samay tha jab kashmir ka kesar vishv bazar mean shreshthatam mana jata tha. uttar pradesh ke chaubatiya jile mean bhi kesar ugane ke prayas chal rahe haian. videshoan mean bhi isaki paidavar bahut hoti hai aur bharat mean isaki ayat hoti hai.

• 'kesar' ko ugane ke lie samudratal se lagabhag 2000 mitar ooancha paha di kshetr evan shitoshn sookhi jalavayu ki avashyakata hoti hai. paudhe ke lie domat mitti upayukt rahata hai. yah paudha kali nikalane se pahale varsha evan himapat donoan bardasht kar leta hai, lekin kaliyoan ke nikalane ke bad aisa hone par poori phasal chaupat ho jati hai. madhy evan pashchimi eshiya ke sthaniy paudhe kesar ko kand (balb) dvara ugaya jata hai.

• kesar ka paudha sugandh denevala bahuvarshiy hota hai aur kshup 15 se 25 semi ooancha, parantu kaandahin hota hai. isamean ghas ki tarah lanbe, patale v nokadar patte nikalate haian. jo moolobhdav (radical), sankari, lanbi aur nalidar hoti haian. inake bich se pushpadand (scapre) nikalata hai, jis par nilalohit varn ke ekaki athava ekadhik pushp hote haian. aprajayi hone ki vajah se isamean bij nahian pae jate haian. pyaj tuly kesar ke kand / gutikaean (bulb) prati varsh agast-sitanbar mah mean boe jate haian, jo do-tin mahine bad arthat navanbar-disanbar tak isake patr tatha pushp sath nikalate haian. isake pushp ki shushk kukshiyoan (stigma) ko kesar, kuankum, japharan athava saiphran (saffron) kahate haian. isamean akele ya 2 se 3 ki sankhya mean phool nikalate haian. isake phooloan ka rang baiangani, nila evan saphed hota hai. ye phool kipanuma akar ke hote haian. inake bhitar lal ya narangi rang ke tin mada bhag pae jate haian. is mada bhag ko vartika (tantu) evan vartikagr kahate haian. yahi kesar kahalata hai. pratyek phool mean keval tin kesar hi pae jate haian. lal-narangi rang ke ag ki tarah damakate hue kesar ko sanskrit mean 'agnishakha' nam se bhi jana jata hai.

• in phooloan mean pankhudi़yaan tin tin ke do chakroan mean aur tin pile rang ke puankeshar hote haian. kukshivriant (style) narang raktavarn ke, akhand athava khandit aur gadakar hote haian. inake oopar tin kukshiyaan, lagabhag ek ianch lanbi, gahare, lal athava lalimayukt halke bhoore rang ki hoti haian, jinake kinare dantur ya lomash hote haian.

• in phooloan ki itani tez khushaboo hoti hai ki asapas ka kshetr mahak uthata hai. kesar ki gandh tikshn, parantu lakshanik, aur svad kianchith katu, parantu ruchikar, hota hai. isake bij ayatakar, tin konoan vale hote haian jinamean se golakar miangi nikalati hai.

• 'kesar ko nikalane ke lie pahale phooloan ko chunakar kisi chhayadar sthan mean bichha dete haian. sookh jane par phooloan se mada aang yani kesar ko alag kar lete haian. rang evan akar ke anusar inhean - magara, lachchhi, guchchhi adi shreniyoan mean vargikat karate haian. 150000 phooloan se lagabhag 1 kilo sookha kesar prapt hota hai.

vaijnanikoan ke anusar --

• 'kesar' khane mean k dava hota hai, lekin khushaboo ke karan vibhinn vyanjanoan evan pakavanoan mean dala jata hai. isaka upayog makkhan adi khady dravyoan mean varn evan svad lane ke liye kiya jata haian. garm pani mean dalane par yah gahara pila rang deta hai. yah rang kairetin aauyad varnak ki vajah se hota hai. pramukh varnako mean kairotin, laikopin, jiyajaianthin, krosin, pikekrosin adi pae jate haian. isamean eestar kiton evan sugandh tel bhi kuchh matra mean milate haian. any rasayanik yaugikoan mean tarapin eldihaid evan tarapin elkohal bhi pae jate haian. in rasayanik evan karbanik yaugikoan ki upasthiti kesar ko anamol aushadhi banati hai.
• kesar ki rasayanik banavat ka vishleshan karane par pata chala haian ki isamean tel 1.37 pratishat, ardrata 12 pratishat, pikrosin namak tikt dravy, sharkara, mom, pratin, bhasm aur tin rang dravy paean jate haian. anek khady padartho mean kesar ka upayog ranjan padarth ke roop mean kiya jata hai.

asali kesar ki pahachan --

• asali kesar pani mean poori tarah ghul jati hai. kesar ko pani mean bhigokar kap de par ragadane se yadi pila kesariya rang nikale to use asali kesar samajhana chahie aur yadi pahale lal rang nikale v bad mean pila p de to nakali kesar samajhana chahie.

ayurved ke anusar --

• chikitsa mean yah ushnaviry, uttejak, artavajanak, dipak, pachak, vat-kaph-nashak aur vedanasthapak mana gaya hai. at: pi ditartav, sardi jukam tatha shir:shooladi mean prayukt hota hai.
• ayurvedoan ke anusar kesar uttejak hoti hai aur kamashakti ko badhati hai. yah mootrashay, tilli, yakrit (livar), mastishk v netroan ki takaliphoan mean bhi labhakari hoti hai. pradah ko door karane ka gun bhi isamean paya jata hai.
• kesar bukhar ki prarimbhak avastha, dane, chechak, chikan poks v antrajvar ko bahar nikalata hai lekin dane nikal ane par visheshat: bukhar adi pitt ke lakshanoan mean kesar ka upayog savadhani se karana chahie.
• udar sanbandhit anek pareshaniyoan, jaise apach, pet mean dard, vayu vikar adi mean kesar upayogi hai. chot lagane par ya tvacha ke jhulas jane par kesar ka lep lagane se aram milata hai. mahilaoan mean aniyamit masik srav evan is dauran hone vale dard ko thik karata hai. garbhashay ki soojan mean labhakari hai. manasik avasad evan udasinata mean bhi mahilaoan ko diya jata hai. yah sabhi 'kesar' ke ghareloo upachar evan upayog haian, lekin kisi vaidy ke paramarsh dvara isaka vishesh labh uthaya ja sakata hai. itane sare manavopayogi gunoan ko sanjoe 'kesar' sach mean ek anamol vanaspati evan adbhut aushadhi hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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