योजना आयोग
yojana ayog bharat sarakar ki pramukh svatantr sansthaoan mean se ek hai. isaka mukhy kary 'panchavarshiy yojanaean' banana hai. is ayog ki sthapana 15 march, 1950 ko ki gee thi. bharat ka pradhanamantri yojana ayog ka adhyaksh hota hai. vittamantri aur rakshamantri yojana ayog ke paden sadasy hote haian. is ayog ki baithakoan ki adhyakshata pradhanamantri hi karata hai. yojana ayog kisi prakar se bharat ki sansad ke prati uttaradayi nahian hota hai.
itihas
bharat mean british shasan ke aantargat sabase pahale 1930 ee. mean buniyadi arthik yojanayean banane ka kary shuroo hua. bharat ki aupaniveshik sarakar ne aupacharik roop se ek kary yojana bord ka gathan bhi kiya, jisane 1944 se 1946 tak kary kiya. niji udyogapatiyoan aur arthashastriyoan ne 1944 mean kam se kam tin vikas yojanayean banaee thian. svatantrata ke bad bharat ne yojana banane ka ek aupacharik m aaudal apanaya aur isake tahat 'yojana ayog', jo sidhe bharat ke pradhanamantri ko riport karata tha, ka gathan 15 march, 1950 ee. ko pradhanamantri javaharalal neharoo ki adhyakshata me kiya gaya.
panchavarshiy yojana ki shuruat
desh ki pratham panchavarshiy yojana san 1951 mean shuroo ki gayi thi. isake bad 1965 tak do aur panchavarshiy yojanayean banaee gayian. san 1965 ke bad pakistan se yuddh chhi d jane ke karan yojana banane ka kary me vyavadhan aya. lagatar do sal ke sookhe, mudra ka avamoolyan, kimatoan mean samany vriddhi aur sansadhanoan ke ksharan ke karan yojana prakriya badhit huee aur 1966 aur 1969 ke bich tin varshik yojanaoan ke bad chauthi panchavarshiy yojana ko 1969 mean shuroo kiya ja saka.
pramukh kary
san 1950 ke sankalp dvara yojana ayog ki sthapana ke samay isake karyoan ko is prakar paribhashit kiya gaya-
- desh mean upalabdh takaniki karmachariyoan sahit samagri, panji aur manav sansadhanoan ka akalan aur rashtr ki avashyakataoan ke anuroop in sansadhanoan ki kami ko door karane hetu unhean badhane ki sambhavanaoan ka pata lagana.
- desh ke sansadhanoan ke sarvadhik prabhavi tatha santulit upayog ke lie yojana banana.
- prathamikataean nirdharit karate aise kramoan ko paribhashit karana, jinake anusar yojana ko karyanvit kiya jaye aur pratyek kram ko yathochit poora karane ke lie sansadhan avantit karane ka prastav rakhana.
- aise karakoan ke bare mean batana, jo arthik vikas mean badhak haian aur vartaman samajik tatha rajanitik sthiti ke drishtigat aisi paristhitiyaan paida karane ki janakari dena, jinase yojana ko saphalatapoorvak nishpadit kiya ja sake.
- is prakar ke tantr ka nirdharan karana, jo yojana ke pratyek pahalu ko ek charan mean karyanvit karane hetu jaroori ho.
- yojana ke pratyek charan mean huee pragati ka samay-samay par moolyaankan aur us niti tatha upayoan ke samayojana ki sipharish karana jo moolyaankan ke dauran jaroori samajhe jaean.
- aisi aantarim ya anushangi sipharishean karana, jo use sauanpe ge kartavyoan ko poora karane ke lie uchit hoan athava vartaman arthik paristhitiyoan, chaloo nitiyoan upayoan aur vikas karyakramoan par vichar karate hue athava paramarsh ke lie keandriy ya rajy sarakaroan dvara use sauanpi gee vishisht samasyaoan ki jaanch ke bad uchit lagati hoan.
karyoan ka vistar
ek ayamik keandrit yojana pranali ki jagah bharatiy arth vyavastha nideshak yojana ki or badh rahi haian, jisamean yojana ayog ne bhavishy ke lie dirghakalin rananiti taiyar karane aur rashtr ke lie prathamikataean nirdharit karane ka uttaradayitv samabhala hai. yah sektar var lakshy nirdharit kararata hai aur arth vyavastha ko vaianchhit disha mean le jane ke lie protsahan aur prerana ki vyavastha karata hai. manav vikas aur arthik vikas ke ati mahatvapoorn kshetroan ke lie niti taiyar karane hetu badhiya drishtikon paida karane ke lie yojana ayog ekikrit bhoomika nibhata hai. samajik kshetr mean gramin svasthy, pey jal, gramin oorja ki jarooratoan, saksharata aur paryavaran sanrakshan jaisi yojanaoan ke lie samanvay aur samanjasy ki jaroorat hai. abhi inake lie samanvit niti taiyar kiya jana shesh hai. is karan aijeansiyoan ki bahutayat ho gee hai. ekikrit drishtikon se kaphi kam kharch mean achchhe parinam mil sakate haian.
ayog is bat par bal deta hai ki simit sansadhanoan ka upayog aise achchhe dhang se ho ki unase adhikatam utpadan ho sake. keval yojana parivyay mean vriddhi karate jane ke sthan par prayas yah hai ki avantit rashiyoan ka upayog karane ki kushalata mean vriddhi ho. upalabdh bajat sansadhanoan ki atyadhik kami mahasoos hone ke karan rajyoan aur keandr sarakar ke mantralayoan ke bich sansadhan avantan pranali par kaphi jor p da hai. isalie yojana ayog ko sabhi sanbandhit pakshoan ka dhyan rakhate hue madhyasth ki bhoomika nibhani p dati hai. ayog ko shaantipoorn parivartan karake sarakar mean adhik utpadakata aur kushalata ki sanskriti lane mean sahayata karani hai. sansadhanoan ke kushal prayog ki kuanji yah hai ki sabhi staroan par svayan apani vyavastha banane vale sangathan banae jaean. is kshetr mean pranali badalav lane aur sarakar ke bich hi behatar pranaliyaan vikasit karane ke lie salah dene hetu yojana ayog apani bhoomika nibhane ka prayas karata hai. prapt anubhavoan ka labh phailane ke lie janakari vistarit karane ki bhoomika bhi yojana ayog nibhata hai.
sadasy
pradhanamantri ke paden adhyaksh hone ke sath, samiti me ek namajad upadhyaksh bhi hota hai, jisaka pad ek kaibinet mantri ke barabar hota hai. kuchh mahatvapoorn vibhagoan ke kaibinet mantri ayog ke asthayi sadasy hote haian, jabaki sthayi sadasyoan me arthashastr, udyog, vijnan evan samany prashasan jaise vibhinn kshetroan ke visheshajn shamil hote haian. ayog apane vibhinn prabhagoan ke madhyam se kary karata hai, jinake do prakar hote haian-
- samany yojana prabhag
- karyakram prashasan prabhag
yojana ayog ke visheshajnoan me adhikatar arthashastri hote haian. yah is ayog ko bharatiy arthik seva ka sabase b da niyokta banata hai. kaibinet mantriyoan ke saman hi ayog ke sadasyoan ko vetan tatha bhatta diya jata hai. alochak yojana ayog ko ek "samanaantar matrimandal" ya "sarvochch matrimandal"kahate haian.
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