राष्ट्रगान
rashhtragan
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poorn aur sankshipht sanshkaran
shvargiy kavi ravindranath taigor dvara sankshipt "jan gan man" ke nam se prakhhyat shabdoan aur sangit ki rachana, bharat ka rashhtragan hai. ise is prakar padha jaega:
jan-gan-man adhinayak, jay he
bharat-bhaghy-vidhata,
panjab-siandhu gujarat-maratha,
dravi d-uthkal bang,
vinhdhhy-himachal-yamuna ganga,
uchhchhal-jaladhi-tarang,
tav shubh name jage,
tav shubh ashish maange,
gahe tav jay gatha,
jan-gan-mangal dayak jay he
bharat-bhaghy-vidhata
jay he, jay he, jay he
jay jay jay jay he.
rashhtr gan ki pahali aur aantim panktiyoan ke sath ek sankshipht sanshkaran bhi kuchh vishishht avasaroan par bajaya jata hai. ise is prakar
padha jata hai:
jan-gan-man adhinayak, jay he
bharat-bhaghy-vidhata,
jay he, jay he, jay he
jay jay jay jay he.
sankshipht sanshkaran ko chalane ki avadhi lagabhag 20 sekand hai.
rashhtragan ka arth
jan gan man adhinayak jay he,
(he bharat ke jan gan aur man ke nayak(jinake ham adhin haian)
bharat-bhagy-vidhata
(ap bharat ke bhagy ke vidhata haian)
panjab, siandh, gujarat, maratha,
(vah bharat jo panjab, siandh, gujarat, maharashtr,)
dvavi d, utkal, bang
(tamilanadu, u disa, aur bangal jaise pradesh se bana hai)
vindhy, himachal, yamuna-ganga,
(jahaan vindhyachal tatha himalay jaise parvat haian aur yamuna-ganga jaisi nadiyaan haian)
uchchhal jaladhi taranga
(aur jinaki tarange uchchhashrriankhal hokar uthatian haian)
tav shubh name jage
(apaka shubh nam lekar hi pratah uthate haian )
tav shubh ashish maange
(aur apake arshivad ki yachana karate haian )
jan-gan-mangaladayak jay he,
(ap ham sabhi janoan ka mangal karane vale haian, apaki jay ho)
gahe tav jayagatha,
(sabhi apaki hi jay ki gatha gayean)
jan-gan-mangaladayak jay he
(he janoan ka mangal karane vale apaki jay ho)
bharat bhagy vidhata
(ap bharat ke bhagy vidhata haian)
jay he, jay he, jay he,
(apaki jay ho, jay ho, jay ho,)
jay, jay, jay, jay he
(jay, jay, jay, jay ho)
rashtragan ki paribhasha
aisi stuti ya gan, jo rashtraprem ki bhavana abhivyakt karata ho tatha shasakiy roop se adhikarik rashtragan ke roop mean svikrit ho ya janasadharan mean lokaprir ho. sabase purana rashtragan gret briten ka ‘g aaud sev d kvin’ hai, jise 1825 mean rashtragan ke roop mean varnit kiya gaya tha, halaanki 18vian sadi ke madhy se hi yah deshaprem ke git ke roop mean lokapriy raha tatha rajasi samarohoan mean gaya jata tha.
19vian tatha 20vian sadi ke aranbh mean adhikaansh yooropiy deshoan ne britin ka anusaran kiya, kuchh rashtragan khas uddeshy se likhe ge, jabaki any ko pahale se maujood dhunoan se apanaya gaya.
rashtraganoan ki bhavanaean alag hoti haian, inamean shasakoan ke lie prarthana se lekar rashtriy mahatv ke yuddhoan ya bagavatoan ke sanket (d star-speangald bainar, sanyukt rajy amerika, la marselez fraans) se lekar rashtrabhakti ki bhavana (o kaineda) ki abhivyakti hoti hai. sangitatmak gunoan ki drishti se rashtragan mean atyadhik bhinnata hoti haqi; yah avashyak nahian hai ki sangit ki tarah hi path ya pady usi rashtr ya desh ke nagarik dvara likha gaya ho. rajanitik athava aantarrashtriy sanbandhoan mean parivartan ke karan aksar path parivartit kiya jata hai ya ne rashtragan ko apana liya jata hai. udaharanarth, bhootapoorv soviyat sangh ne 19vian sadi ke aant mean do fraansisi mazadooroan dvara rachit evan sangitabaddh kamyunist iantaraneshanal ki jagah 1944 mean gimn sovetaskogo soyun (soviyat sangh ki striti) ko rashtragan ke roop mean apanaya.
any rashtroan ke rashtragan
kuchh hi rashtragan vikhyat kaviyoan ya rachayitaoan dvara likhe ge haian. pratham aaustriyaee rashtragan g aaud erahalte freanz den kaisar (eeshvar samrat fraansisi ki raksha kare) isaka vishisht apavad hai. isaki rachana 1797 mean jozef hedan ne ki thi tatha bad mean (1929) path ko badalakar seee gesanet on ende (hamesha saubhagyashali rahean) gaya gaya. hedan ki dhun ka jarman rashtragan dyushlaiand, dyushlaiand oobar aile (jarmani, jarmani sabase oopar) mean bhi upayog kiya gaya tha. jise 1922 mean aangikar kiya gaya tha. isake tisare chhand eeniki aand resh aand phrihi (ekata, adhikar aur svatantrata) se aranbh karake isaka nam badalakar dyooshlaiandaled ke nam se jarmani ke rashtragan ke roop mean upayog jari hai. 1922 ke poorv jarmani ka rashtragan hil dir im sigakraanz (vijay ki mala dharan karane valoan ka abhivad) tha. yah g aaud sev d kvin ki dhun par gaya jata tha.
bharat ka rashhtr gan anek avasaroan par bajaya ya gaya jata hai. rashhtr gan ke sahi sanshkaran ke bare mean samay samay par anudesh jari kie ge haian, inamean ve avasar jin par ise bajaya ya gaya jana chahie aur in avasaroan par uchit gaurav ka palan karane ke lie rashhtr gan ko samhman dene ki avashhyakata ke bare mean bataya jata hai. samanhy soochana aur margadarshan ke lie is soochana patr mean in anudeshoan ka saraansh nihit kiya gaya hai.
rashhtragan bajana
- rashhtragan ka poorn sanshkaran nimhnalikhit avasaroan par bajaya jaega:
- nagarik aur sainhy adhishhthapan;
- jab rashhtr salami deta hai (arthat isaka arth hai rashhtrapati ya sanbandhit rajhyoan/sangh rajhy kshetroan ke aandar rajhyapal/lephtineant gavarnar ko vishesh avasaroan par rashhtr gan ke sath rashhtriy salami - salami shashtr prashtut kiya jata hai);
- pared ke dauran - chahe uparokht (ii) mean sandarbhit vishishht atithi upasthit hoan ya nahian;
- aupacharik rajhy karyakramoan aur sarakar dvara ayojit anhy karyakramoan mean rashhtrapati ke agaman par aur samoohik karyakramoan mean tatha in karyakramoan se unake vapas jane ke avasar par ;
- aaul iandiya rediyo par rashhtrapati ke rashhtr ko sanbodhan se tathkal poorv aur usake pashhchat;
- rajhyapal/lephtineant gavarnar ke unake rajhy/sangh rajhy ke aandar aupacharik rajhy karyakramoan mean agaman par tatha in karyakramoan se unake vapas jane ke samay;
- jab rashhtriy dhhvaj ko pared mean laya jae;
- jab rejimeant ke rang prashtut kie jate haian;
- nau sena ke rangoan ko phaharane ke lie.
- rashhtr gan ka sankshipht sanshkaran mes mean salamati ki shubhakamana dete samay bajaya jaega.
- rashhtr gan un anhy avasaroan par bajaya jaega jinake lie bharat sarakar dvara vishesh adesh jari kie ge haian.
- am taur par rashhtr gan pradhanamantri ke lie nahian bajaya jaega jabaki aisa vishesh avasar ho sakate haian jab ise bajaya jae.
- jab rashhtr gan ek baiand dvara bajaya jata hai to rashhtr gan ke pahale shrotaoan ki sahayata hetu dramoan ka ek kram bajaya jaega taki ve jan sakean ki ab rashhtr gan aranbh hone vala hai. anhyatha isake kuchh vishesh sanket hone chahie ki ab rashhtr gan ko bajana aranbh hone vala hai. udaharan ke lie jab rashhtr gan bajane se pahale ek vishesh prakar ki dhoomadham ki dhhvani nikali jae ya jab rashhtr gan ke sath salamati ki shubhakamanaean bheji jaean ya jab rashhtr gan gard aauph onar dvara di jane vali rashhtriy salami ka bhag ho. marchiang dril ke sandarbh mean rol ki avadhi dhime march mean sat kadam hogi. yah rol dhire se aranbh hoga, dhhvani ke tej shtar tak jitana adhik sanbhav ho ooancha uthega aur tab dhire se mool komalata tak kam ho jaega, kinhtu satavian bit tak sunaee dene yoghy bana rahega. tab rashhtr gan aranbh karane se pahale ek bit ka vishram liya jaega.
samoohik gan
rashhtr gan ko samoohik roop se gana
- rashhtragan ka poorn sanshkaran nimhnalikhit avasaroan par samoohik gan ke sath bajaya jaega:
- rashhtriy dhhvaj ko phaharane ke avasar par, saanshkritik avasaroan par ya pared ke alava anhy samaroh poorn karyakramoan mean (isaki vhyavashtha ek k aauyar ya paryapht akar ke, upayukht roop se shthapit tarike se ki ja sakati hai, jise baiand adi ke sath isake gane ka samanhvay karane ke lie prashikshit kiya jaega. isamean paryapht sarvajanik shravhy pranali hogi taki k aauyar ke sath milakar vibhinhn avasaroan par janasamooh ga sake);
- sarakari ya sarvajanik karyakram mean rashhtrapati ke agaman ke avasar par (parantu aupacharik rajhy karyakramoan aur samoohik karyakramoan ke alava) aur in karyakramoan se unake vida hone ke tathkal pahale.
- rashhtr gan ko gane ke sabhi avasaroan par samoohik gan ke sath isake poorn sanshkaran ka uchhcharan kiya jaega.
- rashhtr gan un avasaroan par gaya jae, jo poori tarah se samaroh ke roop mean n ho, tathapi inaka kuchh mahathv ho, jisamean mantriyoan adi ki upasthiti shamil hai. in avasaroan par rashhtr gan ko gane ke sath (sangit vadyoan ke sath ya inake bina) samoohik roop se gayan vaanchhit hota hai.
- yah sanbhav nahian hai ki avasaroan ki koee ek soochi di jae, jin avasaroan par rashhtr gan ko gana (bajane se alag) gane ki anumati di ja sakati hai. paranhtu samoohik gan ke sath rashhtr gan ko gane par tab tak koee apatti nahian hai jab tak ise matri bhoomi ko salami dete hue adar ke sath gaya jae aur isaki uchit grima ko banae rakha jae.
- vidyalayoan mean, din ke karyoan mean rashhtr gan ko samoohik roop se ga kar aranbh kiya ja sakata hai. vidyalay ke pradhikariyoan ko rashhtr gan ke gayan ko lokapriy banane ke lie apane karyakramoan mean paryapht pravadhan karane chahie tatha unhhean chhatroan ke bich rashhtriy dhhvaj ke prati samhman ki bhavana ko prothsahan dena chahie.
samanhy
- jab rashhtr gan gaya ya bajaya jata hai to shrotaoan ko savadhan ki mudra mean kh de rahana chahie. yadyapi jab kisi chal chitr ke bhag ke roop mean rashhtr gan ko kisi samachar ki gatividhi ya sankshipht chalachitr ke dauran bajaya jae to shrotaoan se apekshit nahian hai ki ve kh de ho jaean, khyoanki unake kh de hone se philhm ke pradarshan mean badha aegi aur ek asantulan aur bhram paida hoga tatha rashhtr gan ki garima mean vriddhi nahian hogi.
- jaisa ki rashhtr dhhvaj ko phaharane ke mamale mean hota hai, yah logoan ki achhchhi bhavana ke lie chhod diya gaya hai ki ve rashhtr gan ko gate ya bajate samay kisi anuchit gatividhi mean sanlaghn nahian hoan.
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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