हाथीगुम्फ़ा शिलालेख

maury vansh ki shakti ke shithil hone par jab magadh samrajy ke anek sudooravarti pradesh maury samratoan ki adhinata se mukt hone lage, to kaliang bhi svatantr ho gaya. u disa ke bhuvaneshvar namak sthan se tin mil door udayagiri nam ki paha di hai, jisaki ek gufa mean ek shilalekh upalabdh hua hai, jo 'hathigumfa lekh' ke nam se prasiddh hai. ise kaliangaraj kharavel ne utkirn karaya tha. yah lekh prakrit bhasha mean hai, aur prachin bharatiy itihas ke lie isaka bahut adhik mahatv hai. isake anusar kaliang ke svatantr rajy ke raja prachin 'ail vansh' ke cheti ya chedi kshatriy the. chedi vansh mean 'mahamedhavahan' nam ka pratapi raja hua, jisane mauryoan ki nirbalata se labh uthakar kaliang mean apana svatantr shasan sthapit kiya. mahamedhavahan ki tisari pidhi mean kharavel hua, jisaka vrittant hathigumfa shilalekh mean vishad ke roop se ullikhit hai. kharavel jain dharm ka anuyayi tha, aur sambhavatah usake samay mean kaliang ki bahusankhyak janata bhi vardhaman mahavir ke dharm ko apana chuki thi. [[chitr:Udayagiri-Caves-Khandagiri.jpg|thumb|250px|udayagiri gufaean, bhuvaneshvar, u disa
Udayagiri Caves, Bhubaneswar, Orissa]] hathigumfa ke shilalekh (prashasti) ke anusar kharavel ke jivan ke pahale pandrah varsh vidya ke adhyayan mean vyatit hue. is kal mean usane dharm, arth, shasan, mudrapaddhati, qanoon, shastrasanchalan adi ki shiksha prapt ki. pandrah sal ki ayu mean vah yuvaraj ke pad par niyukt hua, aur nau varsh tak is pad par rahane ke uparant chaubis varsh ki ayu mean vah kaliang ke rahasianhasan par aroodh hua. raja banane par usane 'kaliangadhipati' aur 'kaliang chakravarti' ki upadhiyaan dharan kian. rajyabhishek ke doosare varsh usane pashchim ki or akraman kiya, aur raja satakarni ki upeksha kar kanhavena (krishnaa) nadi ke tat par sthit moosik nagar ko usane trast kiya. satakarni satavahan raja tha, aur aandhr pradesh mean usaka svatantr rajy vidyaman tha. mauryoan ki adhinata se mukt hokar jo pradesh svatantr ho ge the, aandhr bhi unamean se ek tha. apane shasanakal ke chauthe varsh mean kharavel ne ek bar phir pashchim ki or akraman kiya, aur bhojakoan tatha rathikoan (rashtrikoan) ko apane adhin kiya. bhojakoan ki sthiti barar ke kshetr mean thi, aur rathikoan ki poorvi khanadesh v ahamadanagar mean. rathik-bhojak sambhavatah aise kshatriy kul the, prachin andhak-vrishniyoan ke saman jinake apane ganarajy the. ye ganarajy sambhavatah satavahanoan ki adhinata svikrit karate the.

kharavel ki vijay yatra

apane shasanakal ke athavean varsh mean kharavel ne uttar disha ki or vijay yatra ki. uttarapath mean age badhati huee usaki sena ne barabar paha diyoan (gaya zile) mean sthit gorathagiri ke durg par akraman kiya, aur use jitakar ve rajagrih pahuanch gee. jis samay kharavel in yuddhoan mean vyaprit tha, baiktriya ke yavan bhi bharat par akraman kar rahe the. bharat ke pashchim chakr ko apane adhin kar ve madhy desh mean pahuanch ge the. hathigumfa ke lekh ke anusar yavanaraj kharavel ki vijayoan ke samachar se bhayabhit ho gaya, aur usane madhyadesh par akraman karane ka vichar chho dakar mathura ki or prasthan kar diya. anek aitihasikoan ne yah pratipadit kiya hai, ki kharavel se bhayabhit hokar madhyadesh se vapas chale jane vale is yavanaraja ka nam dimit (demetriyas) tha. apane shasanakal ke gyarahavean varsh mean kharavel ne dakshin disha ko akraant kiya, aur vijayayatra karata hua vah tamil desh tak pahuanch gaya. vahaan par usane pithund (pitundr) ko jita, aur usake raja ko bheant upahar pradan karane ke lie vivash kiya. hathigumfa ke shilalekh mean kharavel dvara parast kie ge tamil desh sanghat (rajy sangh) ka ullekh hai. apane shasanakal ke gyarahavean varsh mean kharavel ne ek bar phir uttarapath par akraman kiya, aur apani sena ke gho doan aur hathiyoan ko gangajal snan karaya. magadh ke raja ko usane apane pairoan par girane ke lie vivash kiya, aur raja nand kaliang se mahavir svami ki jo moorti pataliputr le gaya tha, use vah phir se kaliang vapas le aya. is moorti ke atirikt any bhi bahut—si loot kharavel magadh se apane rajy mean le gaya, aur usaka upayog usane bhuvaneshvar mean ek vishal mandir ke nirman ke lie kiya, jisaka ullekh brahmand puran ki u disa mean prapt ek hastalikhit prati mean bhi vidyaman hai. magadh ke jis raja ko kharavel ne apane charanoan par girane ke lie vivash kiya tha, anek itihasakaroan ke anusar usaka nam bahasatimit (brihaspatimitr) tha. unhoanne hathigumfa shilalekh mean is raja ke nam ko padhane ka prayatn bhi kiya hai. par sab vidvan is path se sahamat nahian haian. shri jayasaval ne hathigumfa shilalekh mean ullikhit magadh ke raja ke nam ko bahasatimit (brihaspatimitr) manakar use pushyamitr (shuang) ka paryayavachi pratipadit kiya hai, aur yah mana hai ki kaliangaraj kharavel ne shuangavanshi pushyamitr par akraman kar use parast kiya tha. par anek aitihasik hathigumfa mean aye nam ko n bahasatimit svikar karane ko udyat haian, aur n hi pushyamitr ke sath milane ko. par isamean sandeh nahian ki hathigumfa shilalekh ke anusar kharavel ne uttarapath par akraman karate hue magadh ki bhi vijay ki thi, aur vahaan ke raja ko apane sammukh jhukane ke lie vivash kiya tha.

kharavel ki shakti ke utkarsh aur digvijay ka yah vrittant nissandeh bahut mahatv ka hai.

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