जल
jal prithvi par paya jane vala prakriti dvara pradatt ek taral padarth hai, jo sabhi praniyoan ke jivan ka bhautik adhar hai. isake bina prithvi par jivan ki kalpana nahian ki ja sakati. yah ek am rasayanik padarth hai, jisaka anu do haidrojan paramanu aur ek aauksijan paramanu se bana hota hai. vijnan mean jal ka rasayanik sootr 'H2O' hota hai.
darshanik vyakhya
sootrakar kanad ke anusar roop, ras, sparsh namak gunoan ka ashray tatha snigdh dravy hi jal hai.[1] prashastapad ne prithvi ke saman jal mean bhi samavay sambandh se chaudah gunoan ke paye jane ka ullekh kiya hai. jal ka rang apakaj aur abhasvar shukl hota hai. yamuna ke jal mean jo nilapan hai, vah yamuna ke srot mean paye jane vale parthiv kanoan ke sanyog ke karan aupadhik hai. jal mean sneh ke sath-sath saansiddhik dravatv haian.[2] jal ka shaity hi vastavik hai. usamean keval madhur ras hi paya jata hai.[3] usake avantar svad kharapan, khattapan adi parthiv paramanuoan ke karan hote haian.
adhunik vijnan ke anusar jal sarvatha svadarahit hota hai, at: jal ke madhury ke sambandh mean vaisheshikoan ka mat chinty hai.[4] prithvi ki tarah jal bhi paramanu roop mean nity aur karyaroop mean anity hota hai. karyaroop jal mean sharir, indriy (rasana) aur vishay-bhed se tin prakar ka dravyarambhakatv samavayikaranatv mana jata hai. arthat jal sharirarambhak, indriyarambhak aur vishayarambhak hota hai. sarita, him, karaka adi vishay roop jal hai. jal ka jnan pratyaksh praman se hota hai.
avasthaean
jal tin avasthaoan mean paya jata hai. yah un kuchh padarthoan mean se hai, jo prithvi par prakritik roop se sabhi tin avasthaoan mean milate haian. jal prithvi par kee alag alag roopoan mean milata hai- asaman mean jal vashp aur badal; samudr mean samudri jal aur kabhi-kabhi himashail; paha doan mean himanad aur nadiyaan; aur taral roop me bhoomi par ekviphar ke roop mean. jal mean kee prakar ke padarthoan ko ghola ja sakata hai, jo ise ek alag svad aur gandh pradan karate haian. vastav mean manav aur any janavaroan mean samay ke sath ek drishti vikasit ho gayi hai, jisake madhyam se ve jal ke pine aur yogyata ka moolyaankan karane mean saksham hote haian aur vah bahut namakin ya s da hua jal nahian pite. manushy thande se gunaguna jal pina pasand karate haian; thande jal me roganuoan ki sankhya kafi kam hone ki sanbhavana hoti hai. shuddh pani H2O svad me phika hota hai, jabaki jharane ke pani ya lavanit jal[5] ka svad iname mile khanij lavanoan ke karan hota hai. jharane ke pani ya lavanit jal ki gunavatta se abhipray inamean vishaile tatvoan, pradooshakoan aur roganuoan ki anupasthiti se hota hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh