अंग प्रतिरोपण

thumb|rudhir pratiropan aang pratiropan chikitsa vijnan ki vah shalyakriya hai jisake aantargat manushy ke vikrit athava rogagrast aangoan ko badal diya jata hai. isase manushy svasth ho jata hai aur usaki karyakshamata mean koee kami bhi nahian ati hai. rogagrast aangoan ka pratiropan rogi ke kisi nikat sanbandhi athava kisi mritak dvara kie ge aangadan par nirbhar karata hai. manushy ke 18 aangoan evan ootakoan ka pratiropan kiya ja chuka hai. kuchh aang to aise haian jinake upachar ki manak vidhi ab aang pratiropan hi hai. bharatiyoan ko isaka jnan pahale se hi tha. 6000 varsh poorv vedoan mean aang pratiropan ka varnan madhuvidya ke nam se hua hai. amerikan k aaulej aauph sarjanas tatha amerika ke hi naishanal ianstityoots aauph helth ke aang pratiropan rajistri (argan traansaplaant rajistri) ke pramukh d aau. jan je. vargen sare sansar mean hone vale aang pratiropanoan ka lekha-jokha rakhate haian. d aau. vargen ka kahana hai ki sanh‌ 1953 se lekar 1 janavari, 1973 tak sansar bhar mean 8256 gurde (vrikk) ke pratiropan hue aur inamean se lagabhag 4000 ab bhi kam kar rahe haian.

pratham pratiropan (rudhir adhan)

pahala saphal pratiropan 15 joon, 1667 ko hua tha jab ki phraans ke shah luee chaudahavean ke chikitsak tatha peris mean darshan aur ganit ke prophesar jyaan baptist denis ne pahali bar manav ke bhe d ke bachche ke rudhir ka adhan kiya. rudhiradhan ke bad rogi jivit raha. denis ne do aur rogiyoan mean rudhiradhan kiya lekin k di alochana ke karan bad mean unhoanne ise doharaya nahian. rudhiradhan die jane par rudhir ka kabhi-kabhi bahishkar hota hai. yadi rudhir samooh sahi n ho athava any kisi karan se data aur grahak ke rudhir mean visangati ho to bhi rudhiradha ke uparaant usaka bahishkar ho jaega. rudhir ki tarah kee aur bhi ootak haian jinaka adhan kiya ja sakata hai jaise k aaurniya. kisi mritak ki karniya (aankh ka ek bhag) usake marane ke kee ghante bad bhi nikali aur lagaee ja sakati hai, yahaan tak ki yah kafi door-door tak bheji bhi ja sakati hai. chakshu baiank koee tin varsh poorv aranbh hue the. ab to janata aur chikitsak varg, donoan mean yah sarvatha many hai.

kan baiank aur asthi pratiropan

150px|thumb|asthi pratiropan jo log thik sun nahian pate, pratiropan se unaki shravaneandriyaan bhi thik ki ja sakati haian. aankh baiankoan ke saman kan baiank bhi ban chuke haian. mrit vyaktiyoan se lie ge kan ke pardoan, yahaan tak ki madhy kan ki ati laghu haddiyoan tak ka pratiropan ho chuka hai. hastan (amerika) ke em.di. aiandarasan haspital aiand tyoomar ianstityoot mean das varshiy asthi pratiropan karyakram shuroo kiya gaya hai. isake dauran uparyukt pratiropan saphal rahe haian. kahian-kahian to kaiansar se pi dit logoan ki haddiyoan ke b de bhag ko katakar nikal dena p da. aise logoan mean murdoan ki asthiyaan pratiropan ki gee jinaka sharir ne bahishkar nahian kiya.

dohara pratiropan

left|150px|thumb|asthi pratiropan 1971 mean hi hua hai jisamean lanbe samay se madhumeh se pi dit ek stri ka gurda aur agnyashay (paiankriyaj) badalakar use aandha aur apang hone se bacha liya gaya. is tarah ke pratiropan madhumeh pi ditoan ke lie varadan haian. 1 janavari, 1972 tak agnyashay ke keval 24 ratiropan ho chuke the.

pheph da (phuphphus) pratiropan

150px|thumb|pheph da pratiropan agnyashay ke pratiropan se bhi adhik mahatv pheph de ke pratiropan ka hai. pheph de ka pahala pratiropan 11 joon, 1963 ko d aau. jems hardi ke shalyachikitsa dal ne jaiksan (misiri, san. ra. amarika) mean kiya.

yakrit pratiropan

150px|thumb|yakrit pratiropan yakrit sharir ka sabase pechida aur b da aang hai. isake adhikaansh vikaroan ka upachar ek matr pratiropan hi hai. 1963 mean denavar ke d aau. thamas ee. starlj ne sarvapratham ek mritak vyakti ka jigar nikalakar ek any rogi mean pratiropit kiya tha. 1 janavari, 1972 tak jigar ke kul 155 pratiropan ho chuke haian.

thaimas aur asthimajja

thumb|left|150px|asthimajja pratiropan isake pratiropan kee drishti se ek-doosare se milate-julate haian. in donoan ke pratiropan mean inake ootakoan ke tuk doan ka rogi mean ianjekshan diya jata hai.

aantr pratiropan

150px|thumb|aantr pratiropan jab kisi ki aant diyoan ka kaiansar ho jata hai to aantoan ke tuq de nikalana zaroori ho jata hai. aisi dasha mean pratiropan hi isaka ek matr ilaj rah jata hai. anek viphalataoan ke bavajood chhoti aantoan ke pratiropan ko saphal banane ke yatn kie ja rahe haian.

svarayantr (lairiangs)

thumb|left|150px|svarayantr pratiropan beljiyam mean isaka pratiropan kiya ja chuka hai. pratiropan ke bad rogi khane aur bolane laga tha lekin kuchh hi samay bad usaki mrityu ho gee.

vilakshan pratiropan

itali ke ek prasootivijnani ne ek stri ke sharir se adha aandashay nikal ek any stri ke sharir mean pratiropit kiya. itali ke svasthy mantralay ne aise pratiropanoan par rok laga di hai kyoanki is tarah ke pratiropan ke bad stri dvara utpann ki gee santan ke mata-pita ke anishchay ko lekar mukadame shuru ho sakate haian.

kesh pratiropan

thumb|150px|bal (kesh) pratiropan manushy ke ganjepan ko door karane ke lie sharir ke adhik baloan vale hissoan se bal lekar ganje sthaloan par lagae ja sakate haian.

hriday pratiropan

left|150px|thumb|hriday pratiropan kepataun (dakshin aphrika) mean 3 disanbar, 1967 ko d aau. krishchiyan barnard ne philis blaibarg ke ek rogi ke hriday ko nikala aur usake sthan par ek mrit nigro mahila ka hriday lagakar hriday pratiropan ka silasila praranbh kiya. ab to aise pratiropanoan ki badh-si a gee hai. 1 janavari, 1970 tak 150 pratiropan hue the jinamean se us din tak 23 vyakti jivit the. 1970 ke asapas banbee (ab [[[mumbee]]) ke kuchh d aauktaroan ne bhi hriday pratiropan kiya tha par ve saphal nahian ho sake.

panne ki pragati avastha

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