अफ़ीम युद्ध प्रथम

pratham aphim yuddh briten dvara chin par kiya gaya sarvapratham akramanakari yuddh tha. is yuddh ki shuruat 1840 ee. mean huee aur yah do sal (1840 se 1842 ee.) tak chala. yah yuddh chin ke 'chhiang rajavansh' aur aur briten ke bich chal rahe gahare vivadoan ke apane charamotkarsh par pahuanchane ke karan hua. briten ne b di matra mean aphim ka niryat chin ko kiya tha, jisase vahaan ke nivasiyoan par isaka bura prabhav p da tha. yuddh mean briten ki sena ke dabab ke age chhiang rajavansh ki sarakar ko briten se 'nanachiang sandhi' karani p di, jisake phalasvaroop chin ek ardh upaniveshik desh ban gaya.

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yuddh ki shuruat

briten ne 19vian shatabdi ke madhy mean aphim ke vyapar ko lekar hi chin ke viruddh akramanakari yuddh chhe d diya tha. yah yuddh san 1840 mean hua aur 18vian sadi ke aant mean briten ne chin ko bhari matra mean aphim ka niryat kiya. is karan use dher sari chaandi ka labh hua. aphim sevan se bahut se chiniyoan ki sehat par bura asar p da aur rajakosh khali hone laga. isase chhiang rajavansh ki sarakar ki aankhean khulian aur samrat ne san 1838 ke aant mean 'lin che-shyoo' ko aphim ke vyapar par pabandi lagane ke lie vishesh doot niyukt kar diya. agale sal march mean lin che-shyoo ne dakshin chin ke kvaangacho shahar jakar samudri raksha-vyavastha k di ki aur aphim ke vyapariyoan ki giraphtari karaee. 3 joon se 25 joon ke bich jabt kie ge 11 lakh, 80 hazar kilo aphim ko 'human' samudratat par sarvajanik roop se nasht kar diya gaya. isase pahale aprail mean hi briten ne amarika aur fraans ke samarthan par vyapariyoan ki raksha ke bahane 'kap aauf gut hop le' namak nau samudri potoan ka ek be da chin ki or ravana karava diya. 28 joon ko british nausena ne choo-chyaang ya parl nadi ke muhane par nakebandi kar di. is prakar aphim yuddh ki shurooat huee.

julaee mean british nausena ne uttar ki or badhate hue peichiang ke najadik takoo bandaragah par qabza karake chhiang rajavansh ki sarakar par dabav dalane ki koshish ki. is par samrat ne lin ch-shyu ko pad se barkhast kar diya aur briten ke sath shaanti samajhauta sapann karane ke lie apana doosara adhikari kvaangacho shahar bheja. 1841 ee. ki janavari mean briten ne kvaangacho ke pas chini sena ke do thikanoan par kabza kar liya. 27 janavari ko samrat ne briten ke khilaf yuddh ghoshit kar diya.

samapti

briten ne aktoobar mean poorvi chin ke tin-haee aur ninapo adi nagaroan par kabza kar liya aur 1842 ki julaee mean usaki sena chachyaang nagar par adhikar kar yaangatsi nadi ke kinare chin ke bhitari kshetr ki or badhane lagi. 29 agast ko chhiang rajavansh ki sarakar ne briten ke sath 'nanachiang sandhi' par hastakshar kie aur yuddh ki samapti ki. tab se chin ek ardh-upaniveshik aur ardh-samanti desh ban gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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